tổng quan phần cứng 5G PDF

Overview of 5G Wireless Network
Principles
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Know about 5G network key capability
 5G Spectrum
 5G network architecture
 Learn about 5G-related channels and protocol stacks
 5G typical service flow
Copyright © 2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. 5G Overview
2. 5G Network Architecture and Interface
3. 5G Physical Layer
4. Overview of 5G Basic Signaling Process
Challenges in 5G Era
Ultra high Ultra-large Ultra-low latency

throughput connection
5G Key Capabilities
IMT-2020 vs. IMT-Advanced Requirement on key KPIs Of Different
Comparison of key KPIs Applications
Peak Rate (10Gbit/s) User Experience

Throughput User Experience
Peak Rate (Gbit/s)
(100Mbit/s) Throughput
10Gbit/s IMT-2020
(Mbit/s)
eMBB
Region Flow
Spectrum Region Flow Spectrum
Capacity (10
2 Efficiency Capacity Efficiency
Mbit/s/m )
3x 2
(Mbit/s/m )
100X
Network Mobility
Mobility Network
Power IMT- (km/h)
(500km/h) Power
Efficiency Advanced
Efficiency
2 mMTC uRLLC
1M devices/km
Connection Density 1ms Connection Density

Delay
(1M Delay
(Equipment/km2)
Equipment/km2)
5G starts from 3GPP Release 15
2016 2017 2018 2019
Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
LTE-A Pro 5G Phase 1.1 5G Phase 1.2 5G Phase 2
NR NSA NR SA Full-IMT2020 NR
• Definitions of NGCN and NR • Full 5G standard and mMTC

• NSA definition, eMBB
NAS, SA architecture capability definition
• Numerology, frame
• Enhanced capability
NR Service structure (eMBB/URLLC)
definition: Soft AI/D2D/D-
• eMBB • Native M-MIMO &
TDD/Flexible Duplex
• uRLLC waveform
• mMTC
5G New RAT
Copyright © 2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5G Network Spectrum
Sub6G Millimeter Wave
Focus on 3.5GHz Focus on 328/39/60/73GHz
Visible
light
1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
GH
z
5G main spectrum 5G expanded spectrum
 Adding spectrum is the most direct solution for capacity & transmission speed
improvement. The biggest 5G bandwidth is 1GHz, considering the current spectrum
allocation condition, high frequency spectrum has to be used for 5G communication
5G Network Spectrum
 3GPP defines sub-3 GHz, C-band, and mmWave as 5G target spectrum.
Frequency Classification Frequency Range

FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz
FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz
5G FR1 Defined in 3GPP Specifications
NR
Duplex NR
Operating Uplink Downlink Duplex
Mode Operating Frequency Range
Band Mode
n1 1920-1980MHz 2110-2170MHz FDD Band
n2 1850-1910MHz 1930-1990MHz FDD n75 1432-1517MHz SDL
n3 1710-1785MHz 1805-1880MHz FDD n76 1427-1432MHz SDL
n5 824-849MHz 869-894MHz FDD n77 3.3-4.2GHz TDD
n20 832-862MHz 791-821MHz FDD n80 1710-1785MHz SUL
n28 703-748MHz 758-803MHz FDD n81 880-915MHz SUL
n38 2570-2620MHz 2570-2620MHz TDD n82 832-862MHz SUL
n51 1427-1432MHz 1427-1432MHz TDD
n66 1710-1780MHz 2110-2200MHz FDD
n70 1695-1710MHz 1995-2020MHz FDD
n71 663-698MHz 617-652MHz FDD
n74 1427-1470MHz 1475-1518MHz FDD
5G FR2 Defined in 3GPP Specifications
 The mmWave defined 3 bands, all are TDD mode，support the cell bandwidth maximum is
400MHz。
NR Frequency Range Duplex

Operating Mode
Band
n257 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz TDD
n258 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz TDD
n260 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz TDD
Definition of 5G Cell Bandwidth
 5G does not use cell bandwidth less than 5 MHz. 5G features large bandwidth.
 The bandwidth below 20 MHz is defined to meet the evolution requirements of existing spectrum.
Sub6G mmWave
5M 50M
10M
100M
15M
150M
20M
200M
40M
50M 400M
60M
80M
100M
Relationship Between the Subcarrier Bandwidth and The
Maximum Bandwidth of the Cell
 According the limitation of the protocol:
 In FR1, only the subcarrier greater than 30K, then the cell bandwidth can use 100M
 In FR2, only the subcarrier greater than 60K, then the cell bandwidth can use 400M
15MH 20 25 30 40 50MH 60 80 100

SCS 5MHz 10MHz
z MHz MHz MHz MHz z MHz MHz MHz
(kHz)
NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB
15 25 52 79 106 133 [TBD] 216 270 N/A N/A N/A
30 11 24 38 51 65 [TBD] 106 133 162 217 273
60 N/A 11 18 24 31 [TBD] 51 65 79 107 135
50MHz 100MHz 200MHz 400 MHz

SCS (kHz)
NRB NRB NRB NRB
60 66 132 264 N/A
120 32 66 132 264
Available Spectrum for 5G
Sub6GHz 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0
GHz
Europe
USA
China
Japan
South Korea
mmWave
G30 G40
20 40 45 GHz
30
EU 3.25 GHz 1.6 GHz 3 GHz
USA 0.85GHz 3 GHz
China 2.75 GHz 5.5 GHz
Japan 2 GHz Confirmed

Confirming
South Korea 3 GHz
To be confirmed Outside the WRC-19 AI1.13 framework
Contents
1. 5G Overview
Network Architecture - Overview Architecture of 5G
 Compared with LTE ,the logical function of control plane in 5G core network is divided into AMF
and SMF two functions
AUSF NG13 UDM
NG12 NG8 NG10
AMF NG11 SMF NG7 PCF NG5 AF
NG14 NG15
NG1 NG2 NG4
UE (R)AN NG3 UPF NG6 DN
NG9
Network Architecture - NGC Vs EPC
EPC NE Function Corresponding
NGC NF
MME Mobility management AMF
Authentication AUSF
management
PDN Session management SMF
PDN-GW PDN Session management
User plane Data Forwarding UPF
SGW User plane Data Forwarding
PCRF Charging and Policy control PCF
HSS User Data UDM
Network Architecture - 5G Network Structure
 NG-RAN: consists of several gNodeBs.
 gNB: an NR base station NGC
AMF/UPF AMF/UPF
 NGC: next generation core (consisting of
AMF, UPF, and SMF)
NG-C/U
NG-C/U
 AMF: access and mobility management
NG-
C/U
function
NG-
C/U
Xn NG-RAN
gNB
 UPF: user plane function gNB
Xn
Xn
 SMF: session management function
gNB
Network Architecture - 5G Network Interfaces
Interface Description
Name
Ng Interface between the gNB and the

CN, similar to the S1 interface of the
LTE
UU Wireless interface between the

terminal and the 5G access network
Xn Interface between gNB and gNB
X2 Interface between 4G and 5G base

station
S1-U User plane interface between the

LTE network and the core network
Network Architecture - NSA/SA Networking
LTE Anchor，EPC eLTE Anchor，New Core NR Anchor，New Core
Option 3 Option 7 Option 4
EPC NC EPC NC EPC NC
S1 Ng
X2
NR
eLT Xn
eLTE NR
LTE E
NR
Legend
Option 3a Option 7a
Control Plane EPC NC EPC NC Option 4a
S1-U EPC NC
S1 Ng Ng-U
X2-C
User Plane LTE NR
eLTE NR
Xn-C eLTE NR
Option 3X Option 7X
EPC NC EPC NC
S1-U Ng
S1 5G NSA gNB would
Ng-U
LTE
X2
NR eLT Xn
NR support 5G SA
E
without any H/W changing.
NR Non-StandAlone NR StandAlone
phase 1.1 phase 1.2 (new core)
Network Architecture – NSA Networking based on EPC
（ Option3 series ）
NSA Features Deployment
 Option3 Networking Features ： Archite Suggestions
cture
 Common points: Option3 PDCP split on LTE BBU It is
 EPC+NR+eLTE dual-connection networking Limited data peak rate recommended to
Need hardware expansion be deployed when
 The control plane is provided by the eLTE. The user plane is anchored on the the processing
NR only has user plane, which can solve the eNodeB side, which reduces the user capability on the
problem of continuous coverage at the initial plane interruption caused by mobility. LTE side is not
The gNB does not need to connect to limited.
stage.
the EPC. Therefore, there is no
 Differences: The user plane traffic requirement for EPC reconstruction.
distribution solution varies according to the Option3 Data split from EPC ,static offload Not
a without RAN state awareness recommended.
three architectures.
Option3 PDCP split on NR BBU, no impact on It is
 Option3: Data is offloaded from the eNodeB. x legacy LTE, dynamic traffic offload recommended at
 Option3a: Data is splited from the EPC. The user plane is anchored in the gNB, the initial stage
may change frequently. and has little
 Option3x: Data is offloaded from the gNB. The EPC needs to interwork with the impact on the LTE
gNB. network.
Network Architecture – NSA EN-DC Downlink Data Split
EPC+ EPC+ EPC+ EPC+
RRC/L RRC/L
PDCP/L PDCP/NR PDCP/NR

PDCP/L
RLC/L RLC/NR RLC/L RLC/NR
X2 X2
MAC/L MAC/NR MAC/L MAC/NR
PHY/L PHY/NR PHY/L PHY/NR
LTE NR LTE NR
Option 3 LTE BBU NR BBU Option 3x LTE BBU NR BBU
• Data traffic from LTE to NR. • Data traffic from NR to LTE
• The existing LTE BBU needs to be • The NR coverage is insufficient and multiple
reconstructed and expanded. handovers occur.

Network Architecture - NR UL and DL Decoupling
1.8G & 3.5G UE uplink frequency

band selection
UL
NR 1.8G
OR
UL
NR 3.5G
NR 3.5G DL
Cell radius High Band UL Low Band UL Coverage

Coverage
 NR base station uses high frequency band for downlink transmission, for uplink, the frequency
band could be selectively shared with LTE low frequency band depending on UE coverage.
That is an implementation of uplink-downlink decoupling.
Network Architecture - NR UL and DL Decoupling
 Cloud Air - LTE and NR UL Spectrum LTE and NR Uplink

Spectrum Sharing
Sharing
 Solution
 LTE and NR share carrier resources
using frequency division, which
prevents resource conflicts.
 LTE and NR determine their respective

available RBs based on configurations.
 Maximum resource can shared with NR

 90% @ 20MHz
 80% @ 10MHz
Network Architecture - CU/DU Split
High efficiency
option1 • Benefits: Achieved big area control
Regional DC processing and resource sharing.
(Sites Number~>100X) CU
• Disadvantages: The delay is bigger,
MCE & APP which is not suitable for delay-sensitive
services.
option2 • Advantage :Close to the

Ethernet CU user, short delay
• Disadvantage ：
DU MCE & APP Resources cannot be
Local DC
shared in a large scale,
(Sites Number~10X) Ethernet
and the equipment room
needs to be reconstructed
Ethernet to deploy the COTS
servers
DU DU
Better experience
CPRI/eCPR CPRI/eCP CPRI/eCPR
I RI I
Antenna & RRU
Network Architecture - E2E slicing Architecture
SDN
Voice Controller IMS
CN domain
eMBB
eMBB
Slice
eMBBSlice
(CN part)
mIOTSlice
mIOT CriCSlice
CriC High reliability DU CU
CN-Slice
(CN part) CN-Slice
(CN part) CN-Slice
(CN part) SOC-
100 SOC-
30
Gλ UP
Gλ CP
SDN
Critical Controller
Connectivity DU CU
eMBB mIOT CriC
SOC-
RAN domain
RAN-Slice RAN-Slice RAN-Slice

1~5ms latency SOC CP
PDCP PDCP 10G
- UP
Parameters
Parameters
Parameters
RLC RLC RLC λ
MAC MAC MAC MAC
PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY eMBB 8K 3D SOC-
AR/MR DU CU SOC-
UP
1~10Gbps CDN CP
SOC-CP
(PSM)
Massive DU CU
Connectivity
0.1B SOC-
connections UP
CO Local DC Regional DC
The RAN side implements slice awareness and multi-slice E2E control plane and user plane deployed
sharing of air interface resources. according the service dynamically
The core network is customized based on different use case.
Interface and Protocol Stack - NG Interface
 The NG interface between the gNodeB and the core network is based on the IP network. The user
plane uses the GTP-U protocol, and the control plane uses the SCTP protocol (similar to LTE).
User plane PDUs NG-AP
GTP-U
SCTP
UDP
IP
IP
Data link layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Physical layer
UP protocol stack CP protocol stack
Interface and Protocol Stack - Xn Interface
 The Xn interface between gNodeBs is based on the IP network. The user plane uses the GTP-U
protocol, and the control plane uses the SCTP protocol (similar to LTE X2 interface).
User plane PDUs Xn-AP
GTP-U
SCTP
UDP
IP
IP
Data link layer

Data link layer
Physical layer Physical layer
Xn-U Protocol Stack Xn-C Protocol Stack
Interface and Protocol Stack - F1 Interface
 F1 interface is the interface between gNB-CU and gNB-DU
Control Plane User Plane

Wireless Wireless
network layer network layer User Plane PDU
F1AP
GTP-U
SCTP
UDP
Transmission IP
Transmi IP
network layer ssion
Data link layer network Data link layer
layer
Physical layer Physical layer
Interface and Protocol Stack - Uu Interface
 A new protocol layer SDAP is added to the 5G user plane to implement QoS mapping.
UE gNB AMF UE gNB

NAS NAS
SDAP SDAP
RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY PHY PHY
Control plane protocol stack User plane protocol stack
Uu interface - RRC Layer
 The RRC layer processes all signaling between the UE and the gNodeB.
System messages
NAS signaling Admission control
RRC Security management
PDCP Cell reselection
RLC Measurement reporting
MAC Handover and mobility
NAS message transmission

PHY
Radio resource management
Uu interface - SDAP Layer
1. The SDAP layer is added to the user

plane.
SDAP
2. Implements QoS mapping from 5G
PDCP
QoS flows to data radio bearers
RLC (DRBs).
MAC 3. Marks QoS flow identities (QFIs) in
PHY uplink and downlink data packets.
Uu interface - PDCP Layer
IP header compression on the user plane

SDAP
Encryption/Decryption
PDCP
Integrity check on the control plane
RLC
Sorting and replication detection
MAC
PHY
Uu interface - RLC Layer
 The RLC layer provides radio link control functions. RLC contains three transmission modes: TM,
UM, and AM. It provides functions such as error correction, segmentation, and reassembly.
TM (transparent mode)
PDCP UM (unacknowledged mode)
RLC AM (acknowledged mode)
MAC Segmentation and reassembly
PHY Error correction
Uu interface - MAC Layer
 The MAC layer provides the following functions: channel mapping and multiplexing, HARQ, and
radio resource allocation.
PDCP
RLC Channel mapping and multiplexing

MAC Error correction: HARQ
Radio resource allocation and
PHY
scheduling
Uu interface - Physical Layer
Error detection
FEC encryption/decryption
PDCP
Rate matching
RLC
Physical channel mapping
MAC
Modulation and demodulation
PHY
Frequency synchronization and time
synchronization
Radio measurement
MIMO processing
RF processing
Matching
PDCP Scheduling based on QoS
RLC System information broadcast
MAC TM, UM, and AM classification
SDAP IP header compression
RRC Mapping from QoS flows to DRBs
Matching(Answer)
PDCP Scheduling based on QoS
RLC System information broadcast
MAC TM, UM, and AM classification
SDAP IP header compression
RRC Mapping from QoS flows to DRBs
Contents
1. 5G Overview
Basic Process of the Physical Layer
CRC Code block Code block Power Resourc

User Channel Rate Scramblin QAM Antenna 0
Segmentatio concatenatio Interleaving control e
data attachment coding Matching g modulation output
n n adjustment mapping
MIMO
coding
Code block Code block Power Resourc

User CRC Channel Rate Scramblin QAM e Antenna 1
Segmentatio concatenatio Interleaving control
data attachment coding Matching g modulation mapping output
n n adjustment
MAC control information

(ACK/CQI/PMI/PC command...)
5G Channel Coding - Polar Code and LDPC Code
 The principles for selecting coding algorithms include error correction performance, delay, and
implementation efficiency.
 LDPC encoding
 Low implementation complexity
 Applies to high-speed and big data blocks and has advantages in parallel processing.
 Polar encoding
 When small data blocks are transmitted, the performance is better than that of other codes.
 Low maturity
 Turbo encoding
 Mature
LDPC+ LDPC+
LDPC Polar
Turbo Polar
Modulation
LTE 5G
QPSK QPSK
Uplink 16QAM 16QAM
64QAM 64QAM
256QAM
QPSK QPSK
Downlink 16QAM 16QAM
64QAM 64QAM
Basic modulation principles: 256QAM 256QAM
One symbol may represent multiple bits using an 1024QAM
amplitude and a phase, which improves spectral
efficiency by multiple levels. For example, in 16QAM,
one symbol represents four bits.
F-OFDM
 The F-OFDM technology optimizes channel processing such as filters, digital pre-distortion (DPD),
and radio frequency (RF). Using this technology, Huawei base stations can effectively improve the
spectral efficiency and peak throughput of the system bandwidth by ensuring RF protocol
specifications such as the adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) and blocking.
LTE OFDM F-OFDM (+10%)
LTE: 10% guard band NR: 2%-3% guard band
Full Duplex
 Traditional half duplex:
 Problem
 The sender and receiver cannot share
the same time and frequency domain
Time division Frequency division
resources. multiplexing (TDM) multiplexing (FDM)
 Solution
Spectrum
 The sender and receiver can share the loss
same time and frequency domain
resources.
Full duplex
Massive MIMO Significantly Improves Cell Capacity
 More beamforming layers

 Higher cell throughput Massive
MIMO
 Able to cover high floors
using 3D MIMO ~5x
~20bits/Hz
 Multi-layer transmission
2x 8T8R
2T2R ～4bits/Hz
 Narrow beamforming
~2bits/Hz
Adaptive Uplink Waveform
 NR supports Cyclic-Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and DFT-

spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM).
 CP-OFDM
 Advantage: available discontinuous frequency domain resources, flexible resource allocation, and large
frequency diversity gain
 Disadvantage: relatively high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)
 DFT-S-OFDM
 Advantage: low PAPR (approximately close to that of a single carrier) and high transmit power
 Disadvantage: continuous frequency domain resources required
Adaptive Uplink Waveform (Cont.)
 According to the radio environment of the UE and the selected threshold THA, the network side
instructs the UE to select a proper CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM waveform. The UEs between the
two thresholds select different waveforms by using the anti-ping-pong mechanism. The switching
between the two waveforms is reconfigured by using RRC signaling.
 When the uplink SNR is greater than the threshold THA, the UE selects CP-OFDM.
 When the uplink SNR is lower than the threshold THB and RANK equals 1, the UE selects DFT-S-OFDM.
 If the SNR is between THA and THB, the current waveform remains unchanged.
The UE selects Waveform remains The UE selects

DFT-S-OFDM. unchanged. CP-OFDM.
Uplink SNR
Resource Mapping - Overview of Physical Resources
Radio frame
Subframe
Physical resources OFDM symbol

Slot
Physical
Basic timing channels and
unit: Ts signals
Time Domain Resources - Frame, Subframe, Slot, and Symbol
Radio frame
Basic data transmission period
Period for sending part of control

Subframe Subframe … Subframe information, and unit for allocating
uplink and downlink subframes
… Minimum unit of data scheduling

Slot Slot Slot
and synchronization
Symbol Symbol … Symbol Basic unit of modulation
 The general structure of the time domain on the air interface meets the requirements of data
transmission and in-band control for different RATs.
Frame Structure
 1 radio frame = 10 ms
 1 radio frame = 10 subframes
 1 subframe = 1 ms
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

One subframe, Tsf = 1 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #8 #9
Self-Contained Frame Structure
 Self-contained slots are classified into DL-dominant slots and UL-dominant slots:
 The uplink part of DL-dominant slots can be used for the transmission of uplink control information and
SRSs.
 The downlink part of UL-dominant slots can be used for the transmission of downlink control information.
Uplink Control or SRS Downlink Control
DL UL DL UL
Type 1: DL-only slot Type 2: UL-only slot DL-dominant UL-dominant
Type 3: Mixed DL and UL slot
Basic Frequency Domain Resource Unit
One subframe
 Resource element (RE)

 For each antenna port p, a unit corresponding to OFDM symbols
a subcarrier on an OFDM symbol is called an

RE. (The subcarrier spacing corresponding to μ
is 2μx15 kHz.)
 Resource block (RB) Resource block
subcarriers
subcarriers
 In one slot, 12 consecutive REs in the frequency Resource element
- in resource grid
- in resource block
domain are one RB.
Multi numerologies
Configurable
f TTI
 NR supports multiple numerologies (different subcarrier eMBB

Configurable
subcarrier spacing
bandwidths and CPs). mMTC
URLLC
Number of Number of Number of Broadcast

Subcarrier Subcarrier
CP Symbols per Slots per Slots per
Configuration Bandwidth t
Slot Frame Subframe
 2  15KHz CP slot
N symb frame, 
N slot subframe,
Nslot 1 frame = 10 subframes = 40 slots
0 15 Normal 14 10 1
1 subcarrier = 60KHz
1 30 Normal 14 20 2 1 subframe = 4 slots
  2
2 60 Normal 14 40 4
3 120 Normal 14 80 8 1 slot = 14 symbols
4 240 Normal 14 160 16
5 480 Normal 14 320 32

extende
2 60 12 40 4
d
Channel Management - Logical channels
 Logical channels are available between the MAC layer and the RLC layer. Each logical channel
type is defined according to the type of the data to be transmitted. Generally, logical channels are
classified into control channels and traffic channels.
 Control channels include:

 Broadcast control channel (BCCH)
 Paging control channel (PCCH)
 Common control channel (CCCH)
 Dedicated control channel (DCCH)
 Traffic channels include:

 Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH)
Channel Management - Transport channels
 Transport channels are available between the MAC layer and the PHY layer. Each transport
channel type is defined according to the transmission data type and the data transmission method
on the air interface.
 Downlink transport channels are classified into:

 Broadcast channel (BCH)
 Downlink shared channel (DL-SCH)
 Paging channel (PCH)
 Uplink transport channels are classified into:

 Uplink shared channel (UL-SCH)
 Random access channel (RACH)
Channel Management - Physical channels
 Physical channels perform coding, modulation, multi-antenna processing, and mapping of signals
onto appropriate physical time-frequency resources. An upper-layer transport channel can be
mapped to one or more physical channels.
 Downlink physical channels include:

 Physical broadcast channel (PBCH)
 Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)
 Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)
 Uplink physical channels include:

 Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)
 Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
 Physical random access channel (PRACH)
Channel Management - Downlink Physical Channels
PBCH
Modulation scheme: QPSK
The PBCH broadcasts system information MIB.
PDCCH PDSCH
Modulation scheme: QPSK Downlink
physical Modulation schemes:
The PDCCH carries channels QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM,
scheduling, transmission 256QAM, 1024QAM
format, and HARQ The PDSCH carries
information. dedicated user data.
Channel Management - Downlink Physical Signals
DMRS for the PDSCH
Demodulation reference
signal (DMRS) for the PDCCH Downlink
physical DMRS for the PBCH
signals
Phase-tracking reference signal

(PT-RS), used in high-band
Channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS)
scenarios
Channel Management - Uplink Physical Channels
PUSCH
Modulation scheme: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM
The PUSCH carries dedicated user data.
Uplink
physical
channels
PUCCH PRACH
Modulation scheme: QPSK Modulation scheme: QPSK
The PUCCH carries ACK/NACK, scheduling The PRACH carries random access preamble.
request (SR), and CSI-Report (PMI, CQI,
and so on).
Channel Management - Uplink Physical Signals
DMRS for PUSCH DMRS for PUCCH
Uplink
physical
signals
PT-RS SRS
SRSs are provided to the base station as
the input for downlink MIMO precoding.
Channel Management - Downlink channel mapping
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH
c c c c c c Downlink logical channels

RLC
c Downlink transport channels

MAC
BCH PCH DL-SCH
Downlink physical channels

PHY
PBCH PDSCH PDCCH
Channel Management - Uplink channel mapping
CCCH DCCH DTCH
c c c c Uplink logical channels

RLC
Uplink transport channels

MAC
UL-SCH RACH
Uplink physical channels
PHY PUSCH PRACH PUCCH
Contents
1. 5G Overview
UE Power-On and Network Access
 PLMN search (cell search)

 After a UE is powered on, its first task is to find and access a network. Actually, PLMN search is a
downlink synchronization process.
 Random access
 Random access aims to alleviate contention between UEs and achieve uplink synchronization.
 Attach
 Sets up the same mobility context on the UE and the core network.
 Sets up a default bearer between the UE and the core network.
 The UE obtains an IP address allocated by the network through an EPS attach procedure.
 Common process
 Authentication and security mode process
Overview of the Initial Access Procedure
 In the NSA networking, the gNodeB does not need to broadcast the RMSI. The content in the
RMSI is sent to the UE by the LTE.
gNodeB broadcasts SS/PBCH

blocks: The UE sends
And Remaining minimum RACH preamble
SI(RMSI) .
The UE detects a SS/PBCH

blocks and decodes the MIB The gNodeB receives the
PRACH and obtains the
SS/PBCH block index
The UE obtains the RMSI

according to the MIB, including
the common CORESET time
and frequency location The gNB&UE processes the
procedure, the initial access is
complete.
Overview of System Message Broadcast
 NR synchronization and system message broadcasting include: PSS/SSS, PBCH, RMSI, and OSI
 The PSS/SSS is used by the UE to synchronize the downlink clock and obtain the cell ID of the cell.
 The PBCH (MIB) is used by the UE to obtain the basic information about the access network. It is mainly
used to notify the UE where to receive the RMSI message.
 The RMSI (SIB1) is used to broadcast the initial BWP information, the UL and DL ratio of the TDD cell,
and the necessary information for other UEs to access the network.
 Other System Information (OSI) is used to broadcast other cell information. (Currently, this part is not
used in NSA networking.)
 To support massive MIMO, all broadcast channels and signals support beam scanning.
Broadcast channel beam scanning
 A broadcast beam can be designed for a maximum of N directional beams. The broadcast beam
coverage of the cell is completed by sending different beams at different moments. By scanning
beams, the UE obtains an optimal beam, and completes synchronization and system message
demodulation. #0
Decodes SSB blocks.
#1
Synchronization
#2 Obtain MIB information.
Obtaining the SSB
.
.
Index:2
.
#N-3
#N-2
#N-1
Time
SIB1
 The SIB1 message is used to broadcast the basic information required when the UE initially
accesses the network, including the initial SSB information, initial SSB information, and downlink
channel configuration.
 In NSA, SIB1 is not broadcast. The contents carried in SIB1 are delivered to the UE through the
LTE in the RRC reconfiguration message.
 Currently, the SIB1 message in 3GPP is not defined completely
Other System Information Broadcast
UE gNB
 OSI（Other System Information）
 Including SIB2~SIBn Minimum System Information

always present and broadcast periodically
 OSI over PDSCH
Other System Information
 Periodic broadcast optionally present and broadcast periodically
 The SIBs with the same transmission period
On-Demand Other System Information
is mapped to the same SI message. broadcast or dedicated signalling
 SIBs in different transmission periods cannot

be mapped to the same SI message.
 SIBs with the same transmission period can

be mapped to different SI message.
Random Access UE gNB
1 Random Access Preamble

 Random access is a process in which a UE implements
uplink time-frequency synchronization with the gNodeB. Random Access Response 2
 Before random access, the physical layer should receive 3 Scheduled Transmission
the following information from upper layers:

Contention Resolution 4
 PRACH parameters: PRACH configuration, frequency

Contention Based
domain location, preamble format, and so on UE gNB
 The gNodeB uses the preamble root sequence and its cyclic
0 RA Preamble assignment
shift parameters to demodulate the random access
preamble.
Random Access Preamble 1
 Physical layer random access includes the following steps.

Random Access Response
 The UE sends random Access preamble. 2
 The gNodeB responds to random access requests. Contention Free
5G Networking Mode
 Phase1.1 launches the 5G non-standalone networking architecture (NSA, NR+EPC)

and uses the MSA technology to implement collaboration between the two modes.
Phase1.2 launched the 5G independent network architecture (SA, NR+NGC).
EPC EPC NG CORE
S1 S1 NG-C NG-U
LTE 5G NR
LTE 5G NR
Control plane Control plane

User plane User plane
NSA SA
NSA networking based on EPC
 The eNodeB is an MeNB, and the

LTE 5CC + NR 1CC
gNodeB is SgNB.
 EN-DC specifications:
1MeNB+1SgNB LTE NR
DC
 Intra-RAT CA specifications: CC1
 DL: The LTE side supports 5CC, CC2
and the NR side supports 1CC. CC3 3.5G

CC4
 UL: Total 2CC, LTE 2CC or LTE
CC5
1CC+NR 1CC
NSA Process
UE eNodeB gNodeB S-GW MME
Option 3x
RRC CONN REQ EPC
RRC CONN SETUP

RRC CONN SETUP CMP LTE NR
UL NAS TRANS
INIT UE MESSAGE
INIT UE CONTEXT SETUP REQ
UE Initial
UE CAP ENQUIRE
Access
UE CAP
Option 3x
UE CAP IND
SEC CMD EPC
SEC CMP
RRC RECFG LTE NR
RRC RECFG CMP

INIT UE CONTEXT SETUP RSP
RRC RECFG(5G Cell Measure by B1 )

5G neigbour RRC RECFG CMP
Measure B1 MEAS RPRT
X2 SetUp Req
Option 3x
X2 Setup Rsp
EPC
SgNB Addition Req
5G SCG ADD
SgNB Addition Rsp
RRC RECFG LTE NR
（5g Scell Add）
RRC RECFG CMP
SgNB RECFG CMP
RANDOM ACCESS Option 3x
Data Forwarding EPC
Path Update Data Forwarding
Procedure ERAB MOD IND LTE NR

Bear Modication
（Opt 3x）
ERAB MOD CNF
Procedure for adding SgNB
Concept - SgNB Change
 SgNB change is a process in which the PSCELL of a UE is transferred from a cell on the NR side to another
cell in the NSA scenario,
 In the NSA scenario, the measurement event of the NR is delivered on the LTE side. The NR has a
measurement control module. The measurement control information of the NR measurement control module is
transmitted to the LTE through the X2 interface. The LTE delivers the measurement control information to the
UE. The measurement information of the UE is reported to the LTE, and the LTE sends the measurement
report information to the NR through the X2 interface.
LTE 5G 1 5G 2
•Good Coverage •Rich Spectrum

•Rare Spectrum •Poor Coverage
Procedure for SgNodeB Change
UE MeNB S-SgNB T-SgNB S-GW MME
1. SgNB Change Required
2. SgNB Addition Request
3. SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge
4. RRCConnectionReconfiguration
5. RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
6. SgNB Change Confirm
7. SgNB Reconfiguration Complete

8. Random Access Procedure
9a. SNStatus Transfer

9b. SN Status Transfer
10. Data Forwarding
11. E-RAB Modification Indication

12. Bearer Modification
13. End Marker Packet
14. New Path

15. E-RAB Modification Confirmation
16. UE Context Release
Acronyms and Abbreviations
 EN-DC：E-UTRAN-NR Dual Connectivity
 MeNB： Master eNodeB
 NR：New Radio
 NSA：Non-Standalone
 PCell：Primary Cell
 PSCell： Primary SCell
 SA：Standalone
 SgNB： Secondary gNodeB
Summary
 5G overview
 5G network architecture and the main interface
 Uu interface and the protocol stack
 5G physical layer and the channels
 5G typical flows
Thank You
www.huawei.com

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Overview of 5G Wireless Network

Copyright © 2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Learn about 5G-related channels and protocol stacks

 5G typical service flow

2. 5G Network Architecture and Interface

4. Overview of 5G Basic Signaling Process

Ultra high Ultra-large Ultra-low latency

Peak Rate (10Gbit/s) User Experience

Connection Density 1ms Connection Density

LTE-A Pro 5G Phase 1.1 5G Phase 1.2 5G Phase 2

• Definitions of NGCN and NR • Full 5G standard and mMTC

Copyright © 2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 3GPP defines sub-3 GHz, C-band, and mmWave as 5G target spectrum.

Frequency Classification Frequency Range

FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz

NR Frequency Range Duplex

15MH 20 25 30 40 50MH 60 80 100

50MHz 100MHz 200MHz 400 MHz

China 2.75 GHz 5.5 GHz

Japan 2 GHz Confirmed

2. 5G Network Architecture and Interface

4. Overview of 5G Basic Signaling Process

NG12 NG8 NG10

AMF NG11 SMF NG7 PCF NG5 AF

NG1 NG2 NG4

UE (R)AN NG3 UPF NG6 DN

 NG-RAN: consists of several gNodeBs.

 gNB: an NR base station NGC

Ng Interface between the gNB and the

UU Wireless interface between the

Xn Interface between gNB and gNB

X2 Interface between 4G and 5G base

S1-U User plane interface between the

EPC+ EPC+ EPC+ EPC+

PDCP/L PDCP/NR PDCP/NR

RLC/L RLC/NR RLC/L RLC/NR

PHY/L PHY/NR PHY/L PHY/NR

• Data traffic from LTE to NR. • Data traffic from NR to LTE

reconstructed and expanded. handovers occur.

1.8G & 3.5G UE uplink frequency

Cell radius High Band UL Low Band UL Coverage

 Cloud Air - LTE and NR UL Spectrum LTE and NR Uplink

 LTE and NR determine their respective

 Maximum resource can shared with NR

option2 • Advantage :Close to the

RAN-Slice RAN-Slice RAN-Slice

User plane PDUs NG-AP

UP protocol stack CP protocol stack

Data link layer

Physical layer Physical layer

Xn-U Protocol Stack Xn-C Protocol Stack

 F1 interface is the interface between gNB-CU and gNB-DU

Control Plane User Plane

UE gNB AMF UE gNB

PHY PHY PHY PHY

Control plane protocol stack User plane protocol stack

PDCP Cell reselection

RLC Measurement reporting

MAC Handover and mobility

NAS message transmission

1. The SDAP layer is added to the user

IP header compression on the user plane