DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

IIT KANPUR
Lab Instructor- Dr. K. Muralidhar
Lab Incharge- Mr. Farhan Babu
Teaching Assistant- Mr. Ganpat Ram

Experiment- 3
Study of critical heat flux (Boiling heat transfer)

● Experiment number : 3
● Name of the course : ME341
● Name of the group : B5
● Date of experiment : 31/01/2019
● Name of students and their
Roll numbers : 1)Mohit Sinha (160413)
2)Mukul Chandra (160421)
3)Moulik Jain (160417)
4)Prince Mukiri (160420)
5) Nikhil Panwar (160451)
6)Swapnil Dutt (150753)
● Date of Submission : 07/02/2019
 Table of Contents

Topic Page no.

1
Title page

2
Table of Contents

3
Objective

3
Theory

4
Procedure

4
Experimental Data

9
Calculations

11
Plots

12
Results and Conclusion

12
Applications

Objectives
To determine the thermal conductivity of a solid body using analytical transient-
temperature/heat flow charts from the measurements taken on a similar body but having a
different thermal conductivity
Theory
Analytical solutions are available for temperature distribution and heat flow as a function of
time and position for simple solid shapes which are suddenly subjected to convection with a
fluid at a constant temperature. These solutions were presented in graphical form by M. P.
Heisler and are called Heisler Charts. Typical charts for a large plate, long cylinder and
sphere are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

To use these charts, it is necessary to evaluate appropriate dimensionless parameters as

follows:

Ѳ = (T (r, t) - T∞)/ (Ti -T∞)

Bi = h*b/k
‫ =ד‬α*t/b2
, where

α = Thermal diffusivity of the cylinder (m2 /s1)

h = Heat transfer coefficient (Wm2 / oC)
k= Thermal conductivity of the cylinder (W/m oC)
t= Time since step change(s)
T (r, t) = Temperature at centre of cylinder (T3 at time t)
Ti= Initial temperature of cylinder (T3 at time t=0) (oC)
T∞ = Temperature of water bath(T1) (oC)
b= Radius of the cylinder(m)
r= Radial position within the cylinder (at axis r = 0) (m)

Since the flow of water vertically upwards through the duct is constant for all of the
measurements, the heat transfer coefficient h will remain constant for each shape.

Apparatus and Set up

HT17 Unsteady State Heat Transfer Accessory

PC running WindowsTM 98 or later with available USB socket
HT10XC Computer Compatible Heat Transfer Service Uni
 Procedure

 Prepare the Experimental set-up carefully.
 Make all the electrical connections.
 Make the water temperature around 65 oC .
 Connect thermocouple T1 from the flow duct inside the water bath (lead exits via a
grommet in the lid of the water bath) to socket 1 T on the front of the HT10XC
service unit.
 Connect thermocouple T2 on the shape holder to socket 2 T on the front of the
HT10XC service unit.
 Connect thermocouple T3 inside the large brass shape to socket 3 T on the front of the
HT10XC service unit.
 Place the different shapes in water bath carefully and take all the appropriate readings
carefully and plot the necessary curves.

Experimental Data
S. No SHAPES Ti (oC) T∞ (oC) T3(oC) Time t(s)
1. Brass Cylinder 25.9 64.2 60.0 55

2. Steel Cylinder 25.7 63.6 59.1 73

3. Brass Sphere 25.5 62.8 57.8 77

4. Steel Sphere 25.3 62.6 58.1 121

5. Brass Plate 25.7 62.2 56.0 71

6. Steel Plate 26.0 61.8 55.5 75

Specification of Shapes: -
 Cylinder: Diameter D= 20mm, L = 100mm
 Sphere: Diameter= 45mm
 Rectangular plates : t=15mm
 k(brass)= 121 W/ m oC
 α (brass) = 3.7 * 10-5 m2 /s1
 α (stainless steel) = 0.6 * 10-5 m2 /s1

GRAPHS

CYLINDER
70

60

50
Temprature

40

30

20

10

0
1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931333537394143454749515355575961636567697173757779
Time

Steel Brass
 Sphere
70

60

50
Temprature

40

30

20

10

0
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
53
57
61
65
69
73
77
81
85
89
93
97
101
105
109
113
117
121
125
129
Time

Brass Steel

Rectangular plate
60

50

40
Temprture

30

20

10

0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79
Time

Steel Brass

Results and Conclusions

 The value of h will be same if the size, shape, surface finish of body immersed in water
and water velocity are constant.
 The value of ‘k’ for the steel is changing due to assumption that plate is infinity and
cylinder is infinity but that is not correct. The theoretical value is around 25 W/m-°C and
the error is due to taking end temperature at different time for different shapes. Also we
see that its much less than conductivity of brass and steel specimens take more time to
reach around same temperature.

Applications
 Steel have lower thermal conductivity than brass hence we should use brass where
need faster heat transfer but brass have lower melting point than steel so it cannot be
used in high temperature applications.
 Use of Heisler’s chart provides a fast and efficient way to tackle the problem of
unsteady convective heat transfer in 1D for engineering purposes.