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QUESTIONS
CREDENTIALS OF HISTORY AS
AN ART
Literature - Answer questions about its 1.Traditional Historiography pro-colonial
- any written product of provenance…origin - focuses on the great men, *Revolution – entails a 360 degree
an era, culture, and - Physical attribute of the politics and the elite turn
society object (est authenticity of the - political history - planning to topple down the
*pre-literate societies– document) -Gregorio Zaide – start of PH hist: status quo
societies w/o an SOURCES (Batis) 1521
--Review and Connect:
advanced system of 3. Primary Source (primarying - influenced by an ideological
Edward Carr, What is history,
writing => oral tradition batis pangkasaysayan) – any movement in Europe in the 19th
*Baybayin (not object, doc, book, etc century documents and facts cannot make
advanced… not created, published and -Leopold Von Ranke science on their own, historians
preserved, short term written during the event (ex. - make history more scientific are needed
transaction) H Bills, RA, EO, PP, SONA, - more empirical (solely based on
- Spaniards recorded the jewelry, newspapers, letters, evidence, ex: documents) b) Teodoro Agoncillo
writing system etc.) -positivism “The Revolt of the Masses: The
~Types of Literature~ - People who were present in no document, no history Story of Bonifacio and the
Fiction- one’s imagination that particular event (ex. eye- no judgment (do not interpret), as Katipunan” ~ a watershed, turning
Non- Fiction – evidence- based witnesses) is “colorless history” ---- boring pt.
History is an ART because it 4. Secondary Source – collation, history - Before 1872, there is no
collection, interpretation, history (why? Cos there is no
is a form of LITERATURE in
analysis of primary sources 2.Nationalist Historiography concept of a nation!)
the form of narrative or (ex. documentaries, textbooks, - Parochial problems …
(1950s)
prose (because it should be movies, thesis, research articles, sporadic results (before)
- focuses on discourses relating to
in sequence, like telling a journals, dissertation) nation-building, nationalism and ---- Gomburza
story!) revolution - Rizal – El Fili – Bonifacio –
Note: conflicting primary sources *nation = state (4 char) KKK (1896-1898)
2. Compare and contrast the 2 ex. Cry of Pugadlawin – When? * nation-state - Conc: we are all one and the
LEVELS OF CRITICISMS and 23/24/26 August (24 cos no rain - people sharing same history, same
while discussing, do not wew) language and culture - “Filipino View of History”
forget to mention the 2 Important!!: Corroboration of Note: UK – diff. nations, 1 state; Spain b. Renato Constantino
TYPES OF SOURCES, Sources – nation-state - Marxist ideas
*PH – 1 history, 1 culture - class conflict theory
including the probs one might
3. Trace the dev’t of PH Samuel Tan – people of Muslim (collective) struggle – CORE
encounter w these sources HISTORIOGRAPHY *society is a historical product of
2 Levels of Criticism (Primary Mindanao are people without a
and their external struggle
Sources) state
influences
3. Internal Criticism (higher Benedict Anderson
- Historiography is the history Note: Traditional and Nationalist are
level) ---read the content of of history writing - nation = imagined similar ~~~
the doc - Historiografia community POLITICAL!
4. External Criticism (lower - *Nationalism – love for country
level) ~ ultranationalism ---
3.Nouvelle Histoire (New History or *Why do people migrate? - maritime oriented culture – young Old women
Prized possession Empowered
Bagong Kasaysayan) - agricultural instability Southern Philippines w/ a price individual, freedom
- Annales School - population growth - 5000 BC or earlier Economic and Religious
- the study of history involves all = culture not immune to -Austronesian speakers cultural
the sciences changes! - did not consider: Austronesian
e.g. history of mentalities, speakers w/o maritime oriented 10. Explain the role of the Babaylan
memories, women, typhoons, etc [insert diagram] culture as the mediator between the
7. Reconstruct an ethnic idea/ physical and spiritual world
4. Professor Landa Jocano *Pintados –> Batik(an) (achievement conception about peopling process Babaylan (Visayas)
debunked an influential theory / heroes) 8. Expound on this idea: The Brgy as Catalonan/ Katona (Tagalog)
on the peopling process: Otley *Domesticated Animals (pigs, a socio-political and economic Maaram – Antique
Beyer’s “Inland Push Theory”, chickens) institution Mumbaki – Ifugao
explore the more accepted and *interchangeable d~r (Ratu/Datu) Barangay – est a community based on
alternative theories on the Kilual <- Keluar (exit) their past community - Philosophical, scientific,
peopling process namely “Out - Smallest socio-political cultural and religious head
of Taiwan Model” and *Dialect – variety/variation of a structure (50 to 100 families) - Comparable to a priestess
“Nusantao Hypothesis” language based on geography in the Philippines - Padre Chirino, SJ – “Brujas”
*Sociolect-jejemon, etc; discipline vs - Ruled independently from e/o “as if they yielded themselves
AUSTRONESIAN discipline by a chieftain called Datu to the demons”
MIGRATION *Idiolect – based on the individual *multiplicity of the brgy – no *written by a Spaniard, priest
- Most phenomenal, cultural, ~rice – kanin, bigas, palay, etc central authority before the ~ destroy Babaylans to
and territorial expansion in ~ snow – none cos no snow in the ph Spaniards came destabilize the old belief
human history (Taiwan – Ph – - still interact w/ each other system
Indonesia – Central Pacific – Non- Austronesian speakers in SEA or 1. Barter ~ weird appearnces – animist
Africa) Ph? 2.Alliances– Sanduguan belief (everything has a soul,
With around 360 million (blood compact) “kaluluwa”)
speakers, 1200 living NUSANTAO MARITIME 3. Warfare – Resources, - Female dominated, BUT a
languages TRADING AND Pangangayaw, kidnapping of male can be a babaylan too
Robert Blust (linguist) – used wives (BINABAYI)
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
linguistic evidence in trying to *focused on culture (patterns of *these brgys. Are not
explain the migration of homogeneous (variation, Two Divisions of the World:
cultural diffusion)
people into mentioned places modification) 3. Physical (pisikal)
Wilhelm Solheim
Peter Bellwood – same ideas, ~ Binukot 4. Spiritual
*Nusantao
but in an archaeological ~ Babaylan *Rituals – used to connect the
- nesus – south
perspective 9. Explain the differences and physical w/ the spiritual
- tao – people
-out-of-Taiwan-model similarities of the binukot and the (Babaylan acts as a bridge)
“southern people”
(patterned after Out of Africa/ -natives of southern island Southeast Babaylan
Out of Eden Theory) = 2 Rituals
Asia
“Taiwan is the place of origin Binukot Babaylan 3. Individual Rituals
-descendants Fairest of them all supernatural
of people in Southeast Asia” 4. Community Rituals
~ Construct a house for the - Dumatu/s (soon to be datu, Ex: Florence – Florentine Resulted to the emergence of
sick, sacrifice a pig, etc, “mini reality: not) Venice – Venetian the
fiesta”, dancing and chanting, -serves as the adviser to the *do not identify themselves 4. Kingdom of Spain
TRANCE (spirit separates sultan as Italians (GLORY)
from the body… anito), - Claim to the throne: must * Spain – 2 major kingdoms in the - One political authority – one
good/bad news = feast be directly connected to northern part law
*they did not question Sheriff Kabungsuwan c. Modern - Standardized political
someone else’s faith - Tabunaway -> highest - advances in thinking, etc. systems and laws
position = Dumatu/s - Standardization of weights
BAKIT BABAE? ~~ the age of discovery and expansion and measures
5. They give life 13. Explain the historical occurred between medieval and - Standardization of currency
Females are generally perceptive and precedents leading to the age modern (transition) - Stable economy
intuitive (needed in order to bridge of Discovery and Expansion in *knowledge-saved by the Muslims - More investors
phys and spiritual Europe, while discussing do not (Arab-Muslims in Europe) - Magellan’s expedition: (partly
forget to point out funded by a family in
mercantilism and the policies 2 Major Kingdoms in Spain Germany)
11. Expound this idea: Islam is a within this economic theory - When Ummayad entered - Bigger Economy = Greater
trading religion Western Europe, these Political Power [Economic
- “Trading Religion” AGE OF DISCOVERY AND kingdoms were established Capital]
(expansion of Islam is EXPANSION (to protect) - “Super Power”
relatively peaceful in - 14th to 15th century b. Reconquista (8th/9th *Fall of Constantinopole
Southeast Asia compared to - “new world” – America Century) (present day Istanbul)
the expansion of Islam in c. Ancient – Graeco -Roman - Series of wars were fought - seat of the Easter Roman
Europe) (Think of Rome as Glue) between the Muslims and Empire (Byzantine)
China X - 15 century – Roman Empire
th
Christians in Spain Why?
Settled in Malaysia, collapsed Forge Alliance: Rise to power of the
Indonesia, Brunei, etc - Capital moved to Eastern Aragon. Ottoman Empire
Europe (byzantine empire) Castille Colonization of Venetians
12. Narrate the establishment d. Middle/Dark/Medieval ~ marriage between Served as the gateway
of the Maguindanao sultanate - World (flat), earth is the Ferdinand of Aragon and between Europe and Asia
and explain its salient features center Isabela of Castile (Silk Route)
Sultanate of - Pope/ Church – symbolic - Emirate of Oranada – case 2 gates
Maguindanao - 1500 “glue” that sticks Western stronghold 1 run by Venetians
- Tabunaway Europe together *convert or go out Alternative Route: Down the
- Sheriff Kabungsuwan - Feudal Society (one feudal - Holy Office of the Spanish Atlantic Ocean -> Africa ->
(arrangement: married the lord owning land… has slaves) Inquisition Go back up (not safe)
daughter of a political leader - “Holy Roman Empire” – ~ you will be tortured if you Spain launched expeditions
=> political alliance, lineage successor of Roman empie don’t want to be converted 5. Spices (Gold)
w/ the prophet) - Not HRE - Wealth
~ Not Italian
- Spices command high prices 6. Find the return route to ~ not allowed to trade with other
in Europe Spain (Why? cos Victoria European countries (only w/ your
-“Spice Island” – present day used the old route) colonial master) --- not allowed
Indonesia ~ Moluccas to export gold
- whoever controls this island - Natives were hostile towards Galleon Trade – India, China,
controls the spice trade them (Portugese would Spain
- Mercantilism – nations attack natives as “Spaniards”)
measure/reckon their wealth - Ill-fated expedition
through their gold/silver 1527 – Alvaro Saavedra Cero’n
Note: bullionism – most primitive Look for survivors of the
form of mercantilism ill-fated de Loaysa
*Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade expedition
~ not allowed to trade with other Results were
European countries (only w/ your discouraging – FAILED
colonial master) --- not allowed 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza
to export gold - 350 000 ducats (sold claim
Galleon Trade – India, China, over Moluccas)
Spain - King Carlos V
Sultanate of Sulu – trades w/ the ~ New Objective: Claim the
Dutch Philippines ~
- British empire
13. Explain the impt social
14. What were the changes w/c the Spaniards
expeditions ff Magellan’s introduce to the Ph. What
expedition? What was the were the changes introduced
target location/s of these spec. to the field of educ?
expeditions? Were they Explain the emergence of
successful? Finally, w/c of exclusive schools and early
the expeditions after school instis.
Magellan started the 14. Accdg to most historians
colonization of the Ph? the actual participation of the
Filipinos is in the rowing of
1525 – Jofre Garcia de Loaysa galleons. Explain the Galleon
4. Go back to SEA using Trade, its long term effects,
Magellan’s route
the exchange of products and
5. Claim Moluccas for the
its route
king of Spain
*Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade