User Interface Design- is the design of user
interfaces for machines and software, such as
computers, home appliances, mobile devices, and
other electronic devices.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF USER INTERFACE
 BATCH INTERFACE
 COMMAND-LINE USER INTERFACE
 TEXT-BASED USER INTERFACE
 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
UNBREAKABLE LAWS OF CREATING A GOOD
USER INTERFACE DESIGN
1. LAW OF CLARITY- The user will avoid
interface elements without a clear
meaning.
2. LAW OF PREFERRED ACTION- The user
will feel more comfortable when they
understand what the preferred action is.
3. LAW OF CONTEXT- The user expects to
see interface controls close to the object he
wants to control.
4. LAW OF DEFAULTS- The user will rarely
change default settings
5. LAW OF GUIDED ACTION- The user will
probably do something if he is asked to do
it
6. LAW OF FEEDBACK- The user will feel
more confident if you provide clear and
constant feedback.
7. LAW OF EASING- user will be more
inclined to perform a complex action if it’s
broken down into smaller steps.
Modularity- is the degree to which a system's
components may be separated and recombined,
often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in
use.
Definition of a module
 Function
 Interface
 Strategy
Structured programming - is a programming
paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality,
and development time of a computer program by
making extensive use of the structured control flow
constructs of selection (if/then/else) and repetition
(while and for), block structures, and subroutines.
Data Flow Design- is a way of representing a
flow of a data of a process or a system (usually an
information system) The DFD also provides
information about the outputs and inputs of each
entity and the process itself.
Software Development
 Software- the programs and other
operating information used by a computer.
 Development- the process of developing
or being developed
Software Development- is the process of
conceiving, specifying, designing, programming,
documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in
creating and maintaining applications, frameworks,
or other software components.
Software Developer- is a person concerned with
facets of the software development process,
including the research, design, programming, and
testing of computer software
System Software- includes the programs that are
dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as
the operating system, file management utilities,
and disk operating system (or DOS).
Application Software- is computer software
designed to perform a group of coordinated
functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the
user.
Software Development Process- also known as
a software development methodology, model, or
life cycle) is a framework that is used to structure,
plan, and control the process of developing
information systems.
Stages of Software Development Process:
 Analyzing the problem
 Market research
 Gathering requirements for the proposed
business solution
 Devising a plan or design for the software-
based solution
 Implementation of the software
 Testing the software
 Deployment
 Maintenance and bug fixing
Planning- is an objective of each and every
activity, where we want to discover things that
belong to the project.
Designing-once the requirements are established,
the design of the software can be established in a
software design document.
Implementation, testing and documenting
 Implementation- is the part of the
process where software engineers actually
program the code for the project.
 Testing- This part of the process ensures
that defects are recognized as soon as
possible.
 Documenting- the internal design of
software for the purpose of future
maintenance and enhancement is done
throughout development.
Deployment and maintenance
 Deployment- starts directly after the code
is appropriately tested, approved for
release, and sold or otherwise distributed
into a production environment.
 Maintenance- Maintaining and enhancing
software to cope with newly discovered
faults or requirements can take substantial
time and effort, as missed requirements
may force redesign of the software.
Types of Software Development
 Web Development
 Mobile Development
 Data Science
 Application Development
 Back-end Development
 Software Tools Development
 API Development
 Embedded Systems Development
 Security Software Development
 Cloud Computing
Design Pattern
 A well-defined solution to a common
problem.
 Language independent
Benefits of Design Pattern
 Robust code
 Code reusability
 Highly maintainability
 Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
 Loosely coupled application
Types of pattern design
 Structural
 Creational
 Behavioral
Design pattern best practices
 Keep it simple stupid
 Excess of everything is bad
 Focus on loosely coupled code
 Design first, code later
Refactoring - is a technique for restructuring an
existing body of code, altering its internal structure
without changing its external behavior.
Benefits
 Maintainability- It is easier to fix bugs
because the source code is easy to read
and the intent of its author is easy to grasp.
 Extensibility- It is easier to extend the
capabilities of the application if it uses
recognizable design patterns and it provides
some flexibility where none before may
have existed.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming language - is a vocabulary and
set of grammatical rules for instructing
a computer or computing device to perform specific
tasks
 PHYTON- is an advanced programming
language that is interpreted, object-oriented
and built on flexible and robust semantics.
 Java - is a general-purpose, object-
oriented, high-level programming language
with several features that make it ideal for
web-based development.
 Ruby - is an open-sourced, object-oriented
scripting language that can be used
independently or as part of the Ruby on
Rails web framework.
  C Language - is a structure-oriented, to direct the efforts of people who will make
middle-level programming language mostly it work
used to develop low-level applications.
 C++ - language is used to create
computer programs and packaged software,
such as games, office applications, graphics
and video editors and operating systems.
 C# - is a multi-paradigm programming
language that features strong typing,
imperative, declarative, functional, generic,
object-oriented and component-oriented
disciplines.
 Objective-C - is a simple, general-purpose
and object-oriented language. It uses a
system of message passing borrowed from
the language Smalltalk
 SQL - is a database query language (not a
development language) that allows for
adding, accessing and managing content in
a database.
 Swift - is Apple’s newest open-source,
multi-paradigm programming language for
iOS and OS X apps
 Pascal - is a general-purpose, high-level
language that was originally developed by
Niklaus Wirth in the early 1970s. It was
developed for teaching programming as a
systematic discipline and to develop reliable
and efficient programs.

Programming Large

- In software development, programming in

the large can involve programming by larger
groups of people or by smaller groups over
longer time periods.

Requires

 ABSTRACTION-CREATING SKILLS - is
the process of removing physical, spatial, or
temporal details or attributes in the study of
objects or systems in order to more closely
attend to other similar interest.
 MANAGEMENT SKILLS - The process of
building abstractions aims not just to
describe something that can work but also