SP 1275 Civil Design Criteria Manual PDF

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
UNRESTRICTED Document ID: SP-1275

June 2004 Filing key: 1275
Specification for Civil & Building Works
Design Criteria Manual
SP-1275
(OLD ERD 17-04)
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any
part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise)
without prior written consent of the owner.
Specification for Civil & Building Works – Design Criteria Manual Version 1.0
Authorised For Issue June 2004
Signed:............................................................
Ali Nasser Al Jahadhamy, TTO/2 (UEC)
CFDH, Civil Engineering
The following is a brief summary of the recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior
to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

No.
Revision 0 May ‘90 W. Von Schmidt, TTH/4 First Issue
Revision 1 April ‘95 BEZ/5 Updated to standard format
Version 1.0 June ‘04 Ali Nasser Al Jahadhamy, Converted to Specification as per PDO
TTO/2 (UEC) policy and minor changes to the text
SP-1275 Page i June 2004

Version 1.0 Specification for Civil & Building Works – Design Criteria Manual
Contents
Authorised For Issue June 2004................................................................................................ i
Contents ..................................................................................................................................... ii
1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Purpose............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 User Guidelines................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Changes to the Specification............................................................................................ 1
1.4 Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes ............................................................. 2
1.4.1 PDO Standards................................................................................................ 2
1.4.2 Omani Standards ............................................................................................. 3
1.4.3 International Standards ................................................................................... 3
1.4.4 SIEP / Shell GSI Standards ............................................................................. 5
1.5 Compliance with Standards ............................................................................................. 5
2.0 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 General............................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Units of Measurement...................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Civil Design Requirements .............................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Basic Information............................................................................................ 7
2.3.2 Soil Investigation ............................................................................................ 7
2.3.2.1 Scope of Investigation .................................................................................... 8
2.3.2.2 Soil Investigation Report................................................................................ 9
2.3.3 Preliminary Civil Design................................................................................. 9
2.3.4 Final Civil Design ......................................................................................... 10
2.3.5 Structural Design........................................................................................... 11
2.3.5.1 Steelwork...................................................................................................... 11
2.3.5.2 Concrete ....................................................................................................... 12
2.3.5.3 Block Work .................................................................................................. 15
2.3.6 Engineering Drawings................................................................................... 16
2.3.7 Design Requirements for Specific Buildings ................................................ 20
2.3.8 Design Requirements for Pipe Supports ....................................................... 20
2.4 Design Loads ................................................................................................................. 20
2.4.1 Dead Loads ................................................................................................... 20
2.4.2 Live Loads..................................................................................................... 21
2.4.3 Wind Loading ............................................................................................... 21
2.4.4 Design Loading For Crane Gantry Girders ................................................... 23
2.4.5 Dynamic Loads ............................................................................................. 24
2.4.6 Load Combinations ....................................................................................... 24
2.5 Climatic Aspects of Buildings ....................................................................................... 24
2.5.1 Climatic Design Criteria................................................................................ 25
2.5.2 Siting & Orientation...................................................................................... 25
2.6 Means of Escape and Fire Protection............................................................................. 29
2.7 Minimum Building Requirements.................................................................................. 29
2.7.1 PDO Buildings .............................................................................................. 29
2.7.1.1 PDO Office Buildings .................................................................................. 29
2.7.1.2 PDO Sleeping Accommodation ................................................................... 30
2.7.1.3 PDO Ablution Requirements........................................................................ 30
2.7.2 Contractors Buildings ................................................................................... 30
2.7.2.1 Contractors SS Accommodation & Ablution Facilities................................ 30
2.7.2.2 Contractors JS/JE Accommodation & Ablution Facilities ........................... 31
2.7.2.3 Contractors Kitchen and Messing Facilities................................................. 31
2.8 Building Elements and Finishes..................................................................................... 38
2.8.1 Walls ............................................................................................................. 38
2.8.1.1 Structural Loading........................................................................................ 38
2.8.1.2 Thermal Requirements ................................................................................. 39
June 2004 Page ii SP-1275

2.8.1.3 Noise Requirements......................................................................................39

2.8.1.4 Thermal Movements / Structural Freedom ...................................................39
2.8.1.5 Economic Aspects ........................................................................................39
2.8.1.6 Wall Finishes ................................................................................................40
2.8.2 Floors.............................................................................................................40
2.8.2.1 External Floors & Hard standings ................................................................40
2.8.2.2 Internal Floors...............................................................................................40
2.8.2.3 Floor Finishes ...............................................................................................41
2.8.3 Skirting ..........................................................................................................41
2.8.4 Ceilings..........................................................................................................41
2.8.5 Doors .............................................................................................................41
2.8.6 Windows........................................................................................................41
2.8.7 Ironmongery ..................................................................................................41
2.9 Staircases and Platforms.................................................................................................41
2.9.1 Flow Capacities of Staircases ........................................................................42
2.9.2 Riser / Going Relationship ............................................................................42
2.9.3 Fire Rating for Structures ..............................................................................45
2.10 Roofs ...................................................................................................................50
2.10.1 Thermal Requirement ....................................................................................50
2.10.2 Water Discharge ............................................................................................50
2.10.3 Flat Roofs ......................................................................................................50
2.10.4 Pitched Roofs ................................................................................................51
2.10.5 Roof Sheeting ................................................................................................51
2.11 Built-in-Furniture ................................................................................................52
2.12 Security ...............................................................................................................52
2.12.1 Fencing and Gates .........................................................................................52
2.13 Paint Finish & Colour .........................................................................................55
2.13.1 External Surfaces...........................................................................................55
2.13.2 Internal Surfaces............................................................................................55
2.14 External Works ...................................................................................................55
2.14.1 Site Preparation .............................................................................................55
2.14.2 Landscaping...................................................................................................56
2.14.2.1 Hard Landscaping.......................................................................................56
2.14.2.2 Soft Landscaping ........................................................................................56
2.14.2.3 Screening Requirements .............................................................................56
2.14.3 Roads .............................................................................................................56
2.14.3.1 Internal Access Road ..................................................................................56
2.14.3.2 External Access Roads ...............................................................................57
2.14.4 Car Parks .......................................................................................................58
2.14.4.1 Standard Parking Layout ............................................................................58
2.14.4.2 Car Parks Construction ...............................................................................58
2.14.4.3 Road Signs & Markings..............................................................................58
2.14.5 Materials Storage Yards ................................................................................66
2.14.6 Footpaths .......................................................................................................66
2.14.6.1 Footpath Dimensions ..................................................................................66
2.14.6.2 Footpath Construction ................................................................................66
2.14.7 Well Location and Flow/Bulk Line Layout...................................................66
2.14.7.1 Piping Corridors .........................................................................................68
2.15 Building Services Design Requirements.............................................................68
2.15.1 Manufacturers & Vendors .............................................................................68
2.15.2 Specification & Drawings .............................................................................68
2.15.3 As Built Drawings .........................................................................................69
2.15.4 External Services ...........................................................................................69
2.16 Air-Conditioning & Ventilation..........................................................................69
2.16.1 Design Criteria for Air Conditioning & Ventilation Works..........................70
2.16.1.1 Outdoor Conditions ....................................................................................70
2.16.1.2 Indoor Conditions .......................................................................................70
2.16.1.3 Equipment Overcapacity.............................................................................70
2.16.2 Chilled Water ................................................................................................70
SP-1275 Page iii June 2004

2.16.2.1 Chiller compounds & Equipment............................................................... 70

2.16.2.2 Controls ...................................................................................................... 71
2.16.2.3 Pipe work.................................................................................................... 71
2.16.3 Specialist Areas............................................................................................. 71
2.16.3.1 Battery rooms ............................................................................................. 71
2.16.3.2 Electrical Substations & Switch Houses .................................................... 72
2.16.3.3 Gas Bottle Stores ........................................................................................ 72
2.16.3.4 Kitchens...................................................................................................... 73
2.16.3.5 Laboratories................................................................................................ 73
2.16.3.6 Temporary Buildings.................................................................................. 74
2.16.4 Condensate Drains ........................................................................................ 74
2.16.5 Refrigerant Pipe work ................................................................................... 74
2.16.6 Automatic Shutdown..................................................................................... 74
2.16.7 Legionnaires Disease .................................................................................... 74
2.17 Plumbing............................................................................................................. 74
2.17.1 Potable Water................................................................................................ 75
2.17.1.1 Water Demand............................................................................................ 75
2.17.1.2 Isolating Valves, Air Valves, Washouts..................................................... 75
2.17.1.3 Water Meters .............................................................................................. 76
2.17.1.4 Storage........................................................................................................ 76
2.17.1.5 Pumping ..................................................................................................... 76
2.17.1.6 Sterilisation................................................................................................. 76
2.17.2 Domestic Hot & Cold Water............................................................................... 76
2.17.2.1 Water Consumption.................................................................................... 76
2.17.2.2 Water Systems............................................................................................ 77
2.17.2.3 Isolation...................................................................................................... 77
2.17.2.4 Insulation.................................................................................................... 77
2.17.2.5 Sterilisation................................................................................................. 77
2.17.2.6 Flush Control Valves.................................................................................. 77
2.17.2.7 Water Closet spray Assemblies .................................................................. 78
2.17.2.8 Emergency Showers ................................................................................... 78
2.17.2.9 Emergency Eye Wash Stations................................................................... 78
2.17.2.10 Hot Water Service Dead legs ................................................................... 78
2.17.3 Drainage ........................................................................................................ 78
2.17.4 Sewerage ....................................................................................................... 78
2.17.4.1 Flow Rates.................................................................................................. 79
2.17.4.2 Minimum Pipe Diameters........................................................................... 79
2.17.4.3 Location of Manholes................................................................................. 79
2.17.4.4 Interceptors................................................................................................. 79
2.17.4.5 Pipe work Under Buildings ........................................................................ 79
2.17.4.6 Structural Penetrations ............................................................................... 80
2.17.4.7 Connection to Existing Sewers................................................................... 80
2.17.4.8 Sewage Pumping Stations .......................................................................... 80
2.17.5 Liquid Petroleum Gas ................................................................................... 80
2.17.5.1 Gas Cylinder Stores.................................................................................... 80
2.17.5.2 Regulators................................................................................................... 80
2.17.5.3 Emergency Shutdown................................................................................. 80
2.17.5.4 Domestic Installations ................................................................................ 81
2.17.6 Laboratory Piped Services ............................................................................ 81
2.17.6.1 Pipe work.................................................................................................... 81
2.17.6.2 Hot and Cold Water.................................................................................... 81
2.17.6.3 Distilled Water ........................................................................................... 81
2.17.6.4 Compressed Air.......................................................................................... 81
2.17.6.5 Vacuum ...................................................................................................... 81
2.17.6.6 Special Gases.............................................................................................. 81
2.17.7 Fire Fighting Water....................................................................................... 82
2.17.7.1 Hose reels ................................................................................................... 83
2.17.7.2 Hydrants ..................................................................................................... 83
2.17.7.3 Fire Storage Tanks...................................................................................... 83
June 2004 Page iv SP-1275

2.17.7.4 Fire Pumps ..................................................................................................83

2.17.8 Irrigation........................................................................................................83
2.17.8.1 Demand.......................................................................................................84
2.17.8.2 System Components ...................................................................................84
2.17.8.3 Storage ........................................................................................................85
2.17.8.4 Pumping & Filtration ..................................................................................85
2.17.8.5 Control Systems..........................................................................................85
2.17.8.6 Pipe work Identification .............................................................................85
2.17.8.7 Sprinklers....................................................................................................85
2.17.8.8 Emitter Allocations .....................................................................................85
2.17.9 Swimming Pools............................................................................................86
2.18 Sewage Treatment...............................................................................................86
2.18.1 Location of STP.............................................................................................87
2.18.2 Pollution Load ...............................................................................................87
2.18.3 Sewage Treatment Plant ................................................................................87
2.18.4 Treated Effluent Standard..............................................................................89
2.18.5 Facultative Ponds ..........................................................................................91
2.18.6 Septic Tanks ..................................................................................................91
2.18.7 Hydrocarbon Disposal Pits ............................................................................92
2.19 Electrical Services...............................................................................................92
2.19.1 Electrical Supply ...........................................................................................93
2.19.1.1 Rated Voltage & Frequency .......................................................................93
2.19.1.2 Loads ..........................................................................................................93
2.19.1.3 Voltage Drop ..............................................................................................93
2.19.1.4 Underground Cable De rating.....................................................................94
2.19.1.5 Underground Cables ...................................................................................95
2.19.1.6 Earthing ......................................................................................................95
2.19.2 Small Power ..................................................................................................95
2.19.2.1 Power Supply..............................................................................................96
2.19.2.2 Power Consumption....................................................................................96
2.19.2.3 Voltage Drop ..............................................................................................97
2.19.2.4 Cables .........................................................................................................97
2.19.2.5 Conduit & Trunking ...................................................................................97
2.19.2.6 Earthing & Bonding....................................................................................97
2.19.3 Indoor Lighting..............................................................................................97
2.19.3.1 Luminaries ..................................................................................................98
2.19.4 Emergency Lighting ......................................................................................98
2.19.4.1 Escape Route Lighting................................................................................99
2.19.4.2 Exit Lighting...............................................................................................99
2.19.4.3 Vital Lighting..............................................................................................99
2.19.5 Outdoor Lighting...........................................................................................99
2.19.5.1 Lighting Fixtures ......................................................................................100
2.19.5.2 Illumination Levels ...................................................................................100
2.20 Fire Detection & Alarm ....................................................................................100
2.20.1 Operational Criteria .....................................................................................100
2.20.2 Cables ..........................................................................................................101
2.21 Lightning Protection .........................................................................................102
2.22 Telecom Networks ............................................................................................102
2.22.1 Data Communications Networks.................................................................103
2.22.2 Television & Video Networks.....................................................................103
2.22.3 Audio Systems.............................................................................................103
2.22.4 Nurse Call Systems......................................................................................103
Appendices .............................................................................................................................104
Appendix A: Glossary of Definitions & Abbreviations.....................................................105
A.1 General Definitions & Terminology .................................................................105
A.2 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................106
A.3 Abbreviations for Building Types.....................................................................110
A.4 Abbreviations for Room Types.........................................................................116
SP-1275 Page v June 2004

Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials ....................................................... 120

Appendix C: Typical Live Loads & Finishes .................................................................... 123
Appendix D: Wall Finishes ............................................................................................... 138
Appendix E: Floor Finishes............................................................................................... 140
Appendix F: Skirting Types .............................................................................................. 142
Appendix G: Ceilings ........................................................................................................ 143
Appendix H: Door Types .................................................................................................. 144
Appendix I: Window Types (Glazing) .............................................................................. 145
Appendix J: Ironmongeries ............................................................................................... 146
Appendix K: Internal Environment Design Criteria.......................................................... 160
Appendix L: Electrical Requirements................................................................................ 168
Appendix M: SP User - Comment Form ........................................................................... 177
June 2004 Page vi SP-1275

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to specify the minimum requirements and recommendations
for “Structural Design and Detail Engineering of Civil and Building Works” and is
intended for use by PDO and its nominated Consultants and Contractors for the
development and operation of Company facilities.
This specification is intended to:
- Set the Company standards for facilities along the facilities life cycle.
- Disseminate and record facilities related information, experience and procedures.
1.2 User Guidelines
This Specification supersedes the ERD-17-04 ‘Civil & Building Design Criteria Manual’.
Other than the conversion or formatting, the following are the main changes to this
document.
- Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes are revised.
- Tanking Details for the Concrete Protection Works are revised
- Accommodation facility requirements for PDO and Contractors camps in section 2.7
and its subsections are revised
- Staircases & Platforms requirements in section 2.9 revised and added more.
- Mandatory Warning Sign requirement for the Graded/Tarmac Transition are added
as new in section 2.14.3
- Graded Road section details (Fig 4) and its material specifications are revised.
For all HSE requirements, the User should refer the CP-122 ‘Code of Practice for Health,
Safety and Environmental Protection’ and other documents referenced therein.
1.3 Changes to the Specification
Custodian of this document is the Corporate Functional Discipline Head (CFDH) of Civil
Engineering. Any User of this document, who encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity, is
requested to notify the CFDH using the SP user-comment form provided in Appendix-M.
Reviews and modifications or changes to the specification will normally be made by the
CFDH every four years or earlier when justified.
SP-1275 Page 1 June 2004

1.4 Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes
This Specification shall be read in conjunction with the latest revisions of the following
Standards, Specifications and Codes.
1.4.1 PDO Standards
PDO-ERD-00-01 : PDO Guide to Engineering Standards & Procedures
PDO-ERD-00-06 : Preparation & Content of Engineering Drawings
IP 15 : Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe Practice Part

15 – Area Classification Code for Petroleum
Installations
SP-1273 : Specification for Civil & Buildings - ‘Standard Drawing

Index’
SP-1278 : Specification for Site Selection and Soil Investigation

Works – ‘Engineering Guidelines Manual’
SP-1274 : Specification for Civil & Building Construction -

‘Guideline to Materials Testing’
SP-1279 : Specification for Civil & Building Construction
SP-1285 : Specification for Civil & Building’s Utility Services
SP-1280 : Specification for Swimming Pools – ‘Design &

Construction Guidelines’
SP-1281 : Specification for Roads – ‘Guide to Safe Road Works’
SP-1282 : Specification for Reinforced Concrete – ‘Production &

Construction Guidelines’
SP 1283 : Specification for Standard Sunshades – ‘Design

Requirements & Standard Drawings’
SP-1276 : Specification for Standard Control Building – ‘Design

Requirements & Standard Drawings’
SP-1099 : Specification for Electrical Installation Practice
SP-1104 : Specification for Electrical Safety Rules.
SP-1105 : Specification for Electrical Standard Drawings List.
SP-1109 : Specification for Earthing & Bonding.
SP-1110 : Specification for Electrical Supplies in Mobile Camps.
SP-1127 : Plant Equipment Layout Specifications
PDO-ERD-71-01 : Underground & Internal Telephone Cable Networks.
SP-1075 : Specification for Fire & Explosion Management
June 2004 Page 2 SP-1275

SP-1284 : Specification for Signs & Signboards – ‘Standard Signs

Catalogue’
SP-1277 : Specification for Transportable Accommodation Units –

‘Design Requirements & Standard Drawings’
CP122 : Code of Practice for ‘Health, Safety & Environmental

Protection’
SP-1231 : Health, Safety & Environment Specification

(Occupational Health)
PGSC List : Product Group Service Codes List for Civil Products
1.4.2 Omani Standards
Highway Design Manual : Sultanate of Oman - Ministry of

Communications
General Specification for Roads : Sultanate of Oman - Ministry of

Communications
Limits of Reuse & discharge of Waste Water : Ministry of Environment
Bye-Laws & Ordinances : Sultanate of Oman - Royal

Oman Police
Street Names & Property Numbering Signs : Sultanate of Oman – Capital

Municipality
1.4.3 International Standards
BS 449 : Specification for the use of Structural Steel in Buildings.
BS 648 : Schedule of weights of building materials
BS 2573 : Rules for the design of cranes
BS 3202 : Laboratory Furniture & Fittings
BS 4800 : Schedule of Paint Colours for building purpose
BS 5266 : Emergency Lighting
BS 5268 : Structural Use of Timber.
BS 5482 : Code of Practice for Domestic Butane and Propane gas

burning installations
BS 5588 : Fire Precaution in the Design, Construction and use of

buildings
BS 5628 : Code of Practice for the Use of Masonry.
BS 5925 : Code of Practice for ventilation, principles and designing

for natural ventilation
BS 5839 : Fire detection and Alarm systems for buildings

BS 5930 : Code of Practice for Site Investigations.
BS 5950 : Structural Use of Steelwork in Buildings.
BS 6399 : Loading for Building.
BS 6651 : Code of Practice for Protection of Structures against

Lightning
BS 6700 : Specification for Design, Installation, Testing &

Maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use
within buildings & their Cartilages.
BS 7543 : Guide to durability of buildings and building elements

products and components
BS 7668 : Specification for weldable structural steels. Hot finished

structural hollow sections
BS 8004 : Code of Practice for Foundations.
BS 8110 : Structural Use of Concrete.
BS 8206 : Code of Practice for Artificial Lighting
BS 8666 : Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and

cutting of steel reinforcement for concrete
BS EN 54 : Fire detection and Fire Alarm system
BS EN 197 : Cement composition, specification and conformity

criteria for common cements
BS EN 752 : Drain & Sewer systems outside buildings
BS EN ISO 4066 : Construction drawings bar scheduling
BS EN 10025 : Hot rolled products of non alloy structural steels
BS EN 10210 : Hot Finished Structural Hollow Sections of non alloy and

fine grain structural steels
BS EN 12056 : Gravity Drainage systems inside buildings
BS EN 13150 : Work Benches for Laboratories. Dimensions, Safety

Requirements and Test Methods
BS ISO 15686 : Buildings and Constructed assets – Planning, General

Principles and Prediction Service Life Procedures
BS ISO 8995 : Lighting of Indoor Work Places
CP 3 : Code of Basic Data for the Design of Building.
CP 2012 : Code of Practice for Foundations for Machinery
ASHRAE : American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-

conditioning Engineers Inc. (ASHRAE).

CIBSE : Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers

(CIBSE) Guides.
CARRIER : Carrier Air-conditioning Co. Handbook for Air-

conditioning System Design.
IEE : Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Regulations for

Electrical Installations.
IEC 60364 : Electrical Installation of Buildings
IEC 60439-4 : Low voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies
DIN 57510 / VDE 0510 : Specifications for Accommodation and Battery

Equipment.
1.4.4 SIEP / Shell GSI Standards
DEP 31.76.10.10-Gen. : Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning of Plant

Buildings
DEP 31.76.10.11-Gen. : Installation, Testing, Balancing & Commissioning of

HVAC systems
DEP 32.31.50.31-Gen. : Analyser Houses
DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. : Electrical Engineering Guidelines
DEP 33.65.50.31-Gen. : Static DC Uninterruptible Power Supply (DC UPS)

Units.
DEP 34.00.01.30-Gen. : Minimum Requirements for Structural Design and

Engineering
DEP 34.17.00.32-Gen. : Design and Engineering of Buildings
DEP 34.17.10.30-Gen. : Reinforced Control Buildings (Explosive Proof)
DEP 34.17.10.31-Gen. : Laboratories
DEP 34.19.20.11-Gen. : Fire Hazards and Fireproofing/cold splash protection of

steel structures
DEP 34.28.00.31-Gen. : Steel Structures
DEP 80.00.10.10-Gen. : Area Classification (Amendment / Supplement to IP 15)
1.5 Compliance with Standards
Any deviations from this part of Specifications shall be subject to Company approval and
shall be advised in writing to the Custodian.
In all cases the Company shall determine the adequacy of the design carried out and Works
executed by the Contractor in accordance with this Specifications.

2.0 Scope
2.1 General
This Specification is an Engineering Guidelines for the Company Civil & Building Facilities
and includes applicable design and detailing data and requirements.
2.2 Units of Measurement
In general the SI Units of Measurements shall apply. In addition, the following are used in
this document.
Acidity / Alkalinity of Water : pH
Biochemical oxygen demand : BOD
Dimension : metre, millimetre m, mm
Electrical resistance : ohms
Flow : litres per second l/s
Force : Newton N = 0.9807 kg
Frequency : hertz Hz
Power : watt, kilowatt W, kW
Pressure : kilopascals (gauge) kPa, kPa(g)
Atmospheres bar 100 kPa
Noise : decibel ‘A’ scale dBA
Refrigeration : : kilowatt kW
: Tons of refrigeration TR = 3.517 kW
Relative Humidity : RH
Temperature : degrees Celsius 0

C
Velocity : metres per second m/s
Weight : gram, kilogram g, kg

2.3 Civil Design Requirements
2.3.1 Basic Information
The Company should provide the information required to carry out the project to the
Consultant in the following form:
- Scope of works
- Project specification
- Location drawing(s)
The information should include, but not be limited to, the following:
- The intended use of the structure(s) or project
- The required Design Life of the structure or various structures indicating

whether Permanent, Semi-permanent or Temporary (as defined in Appendix
A section A.1 of this document).
- Any information on existing site surveys, site investigations etc. that may be
available.
The Consultant shall bear in mind the following:
Building appearance shall conform to established PDO requirements, local customs, and if
applicable, existing buildings.
Engineering drawings shall comply with PDO-ERD-00-06 ‘Preparation & Content of

Engineering Drawings’ and shall be issued in the following stages:
- Preliminary
- Final (Tender for comment)
- Tender
- Contract
- Working (for construction)
- As built
Building should be designed to allow for future horizontal extension unless specified
otherwise by the Company.
2.3.2 Soil Investigation
The purpose of soil investigation is to provide information on the soil conditions for design
and construction of civil and structural engineering works. The soil investigation work shall
be carried out in accordance with SP-1278: ‘Specification for Site Selection & Soil
Investigation Works – ‘Engineering Guidelines’.

The main aims of a soil investigation may be defined as follows:
- To enable a safe, durable and economic design for the works to be

produced.
- To enable the works to be constructed safely.
- To ensure that the construction of the works does not infringe on

environmental requirements.
2.3.2.1 Scope of Investigation
Depending on the requirements of the project, the investigation may be used to obtain
information on, but not limited to, the following:
- Bearing capacity
- Settlement (and differential settlements)
- Behavior of ground water in respect of uplift on foundations, effects on

bearing capacity, pollution and flow into excavations
- Slope stability of embankments, cuttings and excavations
- Swelling properties of soils (clays, silts, gypsum etc.)
- Suitability of soil for fill
- Chemical composition of soil and groundwater with particular reference to

chemical attach/corrosion on construction materials
- Dynamic Shear Modulus for Machine Foundations
- Details of rock strata, dip, strike etc.
The Consultant shall however carefully investigate the necessity for a soil investigation, and
if required, the type of information needed. The Consultant may consider the following:
A study of available information of the area such as geological maps, water and oil well
logs, hydrological data and site investigation reports of adjacent sites.
A site visit shall be carried out to obtain the information on the type and behaviour of
adjacent structures (cracks, sags due to differential settlements, rock outcrops which give an
indication of the presence of the depth of bed rock etc).
For extensions, single storey buildings on raft type foundations, pipelines etc., the
Consultant may consider a site investigation unnecessary based on the information obtained
from above, nevertheless it is the Consultants responsibility to ensure foundations are
suitable for the building/structure and ground conditions.
However, for multi-storey structures, installation of large sized tanks (where settlement
predictions are important) installation of vibrating or rotary equipment (with considerable
dynamic loading) etc, dedicated soils investigations shall be undertaken.

2.3.2.2 Soil Investigation Report
Soil Investigation Reports shall comply with SP-1278 Specification for Site Selection & Soil
Investigation Works – ‘Engineering Guidelines’ and BS-5930: Code of Practice for Site
Investigations.
The report shall provide information on the items noted in section 2.3.2.1 as necessary. The
report shall be factual with engineering recommendations.
Recommendations, information and discussions shall be based on anticipated details of the

structure such as, type of foundations, founding levels, foundation loadings, overturning
forces, construction procedures and details and any special construction methods. Should
any of these items significantly change during the procedure of design, the Consultant shall
review the validity of the original report recommendations and seek further advice as
necessary.
The soils report shall clearly state how the recommendations have been arrived at and shall
include copies of the Terzaghi curves used etc, to enable the Consultant to conclude the size
of safety factors used to obtain the allowable bearing pressures, etc.
All reports shall be loaded in electronic form to PDO live link system for reference.
2.3.3 Preliminary Civil Design
The Consultant shall undertake preliminary designs. During this process, the Consultant
shall advise the Company on alterations considered necessary, if any, regarding orientation,
location etc, in view of local climatic conditions, topography or any other aspects. Such
alternations shall only be implemented if agreed by the Company.
In order to achieve preliminary designs, the Consultant shall be fully acquainted with the
site. To obtain the necessary knowledge the Consultant shall visit the site. The number of
visits, and personnel visiting the site, will be dependent on the project, however the
Consultant shall ensure adequate knowledge is gained.
Preliminary designs shall comprise:
- Site surveys (preliminary or final), which shall include details of existing

services, etc, as applicable (Various site and topographical surveys are
already available within the Company).
- Site layout plan(s), showing the location of buildings and plant, and
indicating true North and prevailing wind direction(s).
- A plan of every floor, indicating positions, dimensions, levels and intended

use of the rooms in the building, including typical furniture and equipment
layout where applicable.
- Schematic elevations and typical cross sections.
- Details of ground water levels for buildings containing basements.
- Schedules of basic structural materials (concrete, steel, timber, etc,).
It shall be noted that locally manufactured materials shall be used wherever possible as long
as such materials are technically acceptable. In support of the Company’s drive to promote
local industry.

The Consultant is required, to some extent, to consider relaxing design specifications (and
hence investigate the financial consequences of the resulting operating and capital costs
associated with such a relaxation). All other civil/building materials shall be chosen out
from the Company PGSC (Product Group Service Codes) list for Civil Products. All of
which (with minor exceptions) have local agents.
- Preliminary civil/structural design assessment to cover structural stability,

robustness, concept, preliminary sizing of major elements and details of any
key elements.
- A list of any assumed design parameters.
Preliminary designs shall include details of alternative construction and cost comparisons in
order to achieve both technically and economically viable solutions.
2.3.4 Final Civil Design
The Consultant shall obtain, as a minimum, the following information in order to undertake
the final design and details.
- Intended use of structure (refer section 2.3.1).
- The design life of the structure (Temporary, Semi-permanent or Permanent

(refer Appendix A section A.1).
- Detailed site surveys including details of all existing services (if applicable)
and likely future building service runs for water, power, sewage disposal,
telephones, etc.
- Soil Investigation (refer section 2.3.2)
- Design load requirements including meteorology (refer section 2.4)
- Details of surrounding topography
- Details of exposure conditions (acidic environment, saline environment,

etc.)
The Consultant shall produce thorough and complete sets of detailed design calculations and
shall be approved by the Company. All calculations shall indicate, clearly and concisely the
output and conclusions of each particular solution.
Calculations shall be preceded with a standard information sheet, containing all of the above
information, plus additional details as shown in the project related drawings and documents.
The following Codes of Practice and British Standards shall be used as a minimum for the
final design, unless alternative codes are agreed and approved by the Company.
BS 6399 : Loading for Building
BS 5950 : Structural use of Steelwork in Buildings
BS 5628 : Code of Practice for the use of Masonry
BS 5268 : Structural use of Timber
BS 8110 : Structural use of Concrete

BS 8004 : Code of Practice for Foundations
CP 2012 : Code of Practice for Foundations for Machinery
Final design shall include, but not be limited to:
- Layout plan(s) showing the locations and orientation of the building(s).
- Full working drawings showing the structural and civil designs of the entire
project giving full details of all the elements in the building(s) (refer section
2.3.6).
- Full working drawings showing all the architectural, mechanical, electrical

and plumbing details for the entire project (refer section 2.3.6).
- Plans of every floor and roof, cross sections through individual floors and
essential elevations of the building. These drawings shall show the position,
form, dimensions and materials of all the various parts of the buildings and
structures.
- Collected design data and calculations for climatic consideration, logically

leading to the conditions expected to prevail in the building.
- Proof, by means of calculations, material and equipment data that the

criteria for comfort shall be satisfied.
- Particular Specifications of works, to be added to the PDO Standard

Specifications, and any other specifications necessary, in sufficient detail to
invite competitive bids from erection contractors, so drafted as to provide
minimum possible disparity between the interpretations by such contractors.
These specifications shall also include a concept programme of erection, the
final material specifications and working details.
- Such additional detailed designs, specifications and drawings, in order to

define fully all details of the building, and to ensure a smooth and effective
completion of the work.
- A complete set of calculations for all disciplines, properly headed, indexed

and numbered, with the contract number on each sheet. All sheets shall be
A4 format and of a suitable quality for easy reproduction.
2.3.5 Structural Design
In the design for structural elements, the load factors, material factors, permissible stresses,
etc. shall be in accordance with the requirements of the design code being applied. Due
consideration shall be given to exceptional load conditions and accident cases for which the
design may be undertaken with reduced load and material safety factors as allowed by the
design code. Refer to Appendix B for Weights of General Building Material and Appendix
C for Live Loads.
2.3.5.1 Steelwork
Deflection in steel structures shall be limited to the values given in Table 1.
Deflections due to dead loads, where limits are given for live loads in Table 1, shall not
impair the strength and efficiency of the structure, lead to damage of the finishing or to be
unsightly. Measures to nullify the effects of deflection due to dead loads by adjusting the
casing on cased members or by pre-cambering should be considered.

Horizontal deflections at crane rail level due to spread of the supporting structure shall be
considered and shall not exceed the value in Table 1, the manufacturers recommendations or
affect the performance of the crane. When checking for deflections the most adverse
realistic combination and arrangement of loads should be assumed.
Material grades should be as follows:
Structural hollow sections: BS EN 10210 Grade S275
All other structural steelwork: BS EN 10025 Grade S275 JR
Connections should, whenever possible, avoid the use of high strength friction grip bolts.
However, if used for special technical reasons, the mode of checking tension shall be by the
use of load indicating washers.
Bolt grades on a particular job should be standardised where possible to prevent incorrect
usage of bolt types on site.
Table 1: Allowable Deflections for Structural Steelwork Live Loadings.
Maximum allowable Maximum allowable

Member Deflection where Deflection where Piping
Piping is supported is not supported
Purlins N/A 1/250th of the span
1/500th of the span 1/360th of the span (due

Supporting beams
(due to Live Loading) to Live Loading)
Crane Girders (Vertical

deflection for 10 to 40 Tonnes N/A 1/80th of the span
capacity)
Crane girders & Runaway

Beams (Vertical deflection up N/A 1/600th of the span
to 10 Tonnes capacity)
1/200th of overhang 1/180th of overhang (due

Cantilevered Beams
Portal Frames (Horizontal) 1/250th of the height 1/200th of the height
1/500th of the span 1/360th of the span (due

Portal Frames (Vertical)
All Cranes (Horizontal) N/A 1/500th of the span
2.3.5.2 Concrete
Concrete elements shall contain suitable materials to meet the requirements of both strength
and durability. Consideration to both the levels of chloride and sulphates shall always be
given when specifying cement type.
One of the following three typical land based exposure conditions needs to be stipulated as
the basis of the design criteria of concrete foundations (chemical analysis to be assessed
from the soil investigation report):

1. Concrete placed in soils containing only SULPHATES, with no significant

risk of chloride induced corrosion, shall follow the recommendations of
BRE Digest 363 (Building Research Establishment) Table 1. In addition the
concrete surface shall be treated with two coats of ‘FOSROC Nitoproof
100’ bituminous paint or any other approved equivalent.
2. Concrete placed in soils containing only CHLORIDES, with no significant

exposure to sulphates, shall use Ordinary Portland Cement to BS EN 197
or ASTM Type I (that is, with medium to high C3A content). In addition,
the concrete surface shall be protected in the form of tanking membrane
system or protective coating system as detailed below.
3. Concrete placed in soils containing both CHLORIDES and SULPHATES

shall adopt the following criteria. When the chlorides are less than 0.05% in
the soil or ground water, the recommendation shall be as (1) above, that is,
for soils containing only sulphates. When the chlorides exceed 0.05% in the
soil or ground water, the recommendation shall be as (2) above, that is, for
soils containing only chlorides.
When the chlorides or sulphates or both (chlorides & Sulphates) in the soil or ground water,
are not in a significant level or totally free, the recommendation shall be ordinary port land
cement (OPC) to BS EN 197 or ASTM Type I. In addition, the concrete surface shall be
treated with two coats of ‘FOSROC Nitoproof 100’ bituminous paint or any other
approved equivalent.
The membrane system of tanking shall consist of primer, membrane, corner fillet,
reinforcing strip, protection board etc., Typical tanking details for concrete foundations
(above and below grade) are shown in Figure: 1. The tanking system product shall be
‘Schlegel’ or any other approved equivalent. The exposed surface shall be treated with two
coats of ‘FOSROC Dekguard S’ Anti-Chlorides and Carbonation coatings or any other
approved equivalent with a dft of 350 microns. This coating shall be required to protect the
above ground concrete from the atmospheric effects and windborne salts. For more details
of the exposure condition refer SP-1282 Specification for Reinforced Concrete –
‘Production & Construction Guidelines’.
The coating system for tanking shall be two coats of ‘FOSROC Nitocote PE135’ or any
other approved equivalent with a dft of 400 microns.
All membrane or coating system shall be strictly in accordance with the relevant
manufacturers instruction. Covers to all reinforcement including links shall never be less
than the value shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Minimum Concrete Cover to Reinforcement
Element Absolute Minimum Nominal Cover
Internal : 50mm
External : 50mm
Below Ground : 50mm
Building floor / roof slabs : 25mm
Note: The above are minimum nominal covers and shall be increased if required by the
relevant design standard being used.

For more information on recommended concrete cover to reinforcement related to external

exposure condition refer SP-1282 Specification for Reinforced Concrete – ‘Production &
Construction Guidelines’. The use of crushed ice and admixtures should be considered
when specifying concrete to ensure the production of good quality concrete.
Reinforced concrete should be general contains aggregates not exceeding 20mm and mass
concrete should in general contain aggregates not exceeding 40mm. The design and details
of concrete and concrete mixes shall be in accordance with SP-1282 Specification for
Reinforced Concrete – ‘Production & Construction Guidelines’.
All structural concrete shall be of Grade C35 (that is, having a characteristic strength of 35
N/mm2 at 28 day), unless specified otherwise. Mass concrete shall be used for general
filling as required. Blinding concrete shall be 50 mm thick. Both Blinding and Mass
Concrete shall have a characteristic strength of at least 10 N/mm2 at 28 days. All edges of
exposed concrete shall have a chamfer of approx. 25 mm.
Figure 1: Typical Tanking Details for Concrete Foundations

(Above & Below Grade)
Note: 1. Product Brand Name: Schlegel for Membrane system and Fosroc for
Exposed surface coating.
2. For Special foundations like pumps, compressors, GT etc.,

additional care shall be taken as per the consultant/vendor’s advise.

Foundation bolts shall be in accordance with the latest revision of PDO Standard
Drawing STD-2-3950-001. Unless stated otherwise, the standard minimum lap
lengths of concrete reinforcement shall be as shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Minimum Reinforcement Lap Lengths
Minimum Lap Lengths (mm)
Tension / Tension /
Size Size
Compression Compression
R6 300 T6 350
R8 350 T8 450
R10 400 T10 550
R12 500 T12 650
R16 650 T16 850
R20 800 T20 1050
R25 1000 T25 1300
R32 1250 T32 1650
R40 1600 T40 2050
Concrete reinforcement for Hot-Rolled Mild Steel and Hot-Rolled Deformed High-Yield-
Stress Bars, shall be detailed as follows:
12 – R/T 10 – 3 - 200
SPACING OF BARS
BAR MARK
BAR TYPE AND SIZE
NUMBER OF BARS
REQUIRED
2.3.5.3 Block Work
Careful consideration should be given to the partial safety factors used for materials when
designing block work. Details of supervision and quality of blocks required to meet the
design assumptions should be stated on the drawings or in the specification.
Blockwork shall be designed to carry all the applied loading and combinations of loading,
giving due consideration to differential and thermal movements.

2.3.6 Engineering Drawings
Engineering drawings shall be prepared in accordance with PDO-ERD-00-06 Preparation &

Content of Engineering Drawings. A0 drawing shall not be used unless agreed in writing by
the Company.
Reinforcement shall be fully scheduled by the Consultant for working civil/structural

drawings in accordance with BS 8666 & BS EN ISO 4066, including bar bending schedules.
All welding symbols used shall comply with BS 449 Part 2C.
All drawings shall cross - refer to associated drawings.
All drawings shall provide details of required material grades.
Legend / Symbols are given below and for definitions and abbreviations see Appendix A.
Should other symbols or abbreviation be required (excepting welding symbols) a key shall
be provided on the drawing clearly describing their meaning.
Lettering and figures shall be distinct and uniform to ensure the production of good legible
prints. The style should be simple and unaffected. Capital letters should be used for all
titles and sub-titles. Lowercase letters should be used only for notes.
The size of all lettering shall be as follow:-
For A1 Drawings : 3.0mm high minimum
For A2 & A3 Drawings : 2.5 high minimum
All drawings should be to scale. The following scales should be used:
Civil/Structural
Site layout & simple GA’s: : 1:200
General arrangement : 1:100 or 1:50
Foundation Location Plans : 1:100
Simple wall and slab details : 1:50
Beam and column elevations : 1:20
Beam and column sections : 1:20 or 1:10
Note:
1. Where larger scale details are desirable, the following should be used 1:5,
1:2 or FS.
2. For projects with large foundations a scale of 1:25 may be used when scales
of 1:50 or 1:20 are clearly unsuitable.
All structural slab levels or finished floor levels should be indicated and related to a datum.
Levels shall be expressed in metres. All other dimensions shall be expressed in millimetres.

Structural steelwork working drawings should show details of main connections. For minor
connections all moments, forces and shears shall be required to enable their design by the
contractor. The Consultants scope of work shall include the checking of shop drawings and
connection details designed by the contractor.
The Consultant shall produce a full set of As Built drawings, based on fully marked up
drawings by the contractor, which shall contain all civil, structural, mechanical, electrical
details etc. They shall clearly indicate the true location of all hidden and underground
services, structures and the like.
Complete copy of drawings shall be submitted in electronic form and loaded to PDO live
link system.

The following legends / symbols shall be used where applicable:
Legend / Symbols

Legend / Symbols (contd.)

2.3.7 Design Requirements for Specific Buildings
The specification gives minimum general requirements for the design and engineering of all
new building, however additional requirements for specific buildings are specified in the
following documents:
DEP 32.31.50.31 – Gen. : Analyser Houses
Shell Standard Drawings S : Typical Analyser Houses for Tropical Areas

17.001
Shell Standard Drawing S 17.002 : Typical Analyser Houses for Non-Tropical

Areas
DEP 34.17.10.31 – Gen. : Laboratories
SP-1276 : Specification for Standard Control Buildings –

Design Requirements & Standard Drawings
DEP 34.17.10.30 – Gen. : Reinforced Control buildings (Explosive

Proof)
SP-1283 : Specification for Standard Sunshades –

Design Requirements & Standard Drawings
2.3.8 Design Requirements for Pipe Supports
The design of Standard Pipe Supports is covered in a separate dedicated document: SP-1187
Specification for ‘Selection of Standard Pipe Supports’.
2.4 Design Loads
The design shall take into account all loading conditions foreseen as occurring during the
design life of the structure. If applicable, loading from future extensions shall be allowed
for. These shall include any alterations to wind loading effects due to the change in
structure size. Details of assumptions made in this respect shall be clearly stated in the
design concept section of the calculations.
Loadings that will occur during construction of the structure shall be designed for. Details
of any specific construction procedural requirements such as back propping; de-propping
etc. shall be clearly stated to the contractor in the drawings or specifications as necessary.
2.4.1 Dead Loads
The self-weight of all the building elements including services, specific plant etc. shall be
calculated and used in the design of the structure. For proprietary systems, equipment and
machines specific details of loading shall be obtained from the manufacturers and used in
the design. These details shall correspond to the items specified on the contract drawings
and in the specifications.
Where permanent partitions are shown in the plans their actual weights shall be included in
the dead load.
The weights of tanks and other receptacles and of their contents shall be considered as dead
loads. These loads need to be calculated for the cases when a tank or receptacle is full and
when empty.

Dead loads should be calculated from the unit weights given in BS 648 or from actual
known weights of the materials used. For general building materials, however, the values
given in Appendix B may be used.
2.4.2 Live Loads
Live loads for buildings, and method of calculation, shall be in accordance with BS 6399
Part 1, however the live loads shown in Appendix C may be used as a guideline.
For structural steel platforms on Oil/Gas projects, the following live loads shall be used:
Access Walkways (not including operating floors) : 250 kg/m2
Operating Floors (not next to heat exchangers) : 500 kg/ m2
Special Cases (e.g. Floors located at the draw end of a : 750 kg/ m2
shell tube heat exchanger).
Under desert conditions roof with a pitch of less than 50 shall be designed for sand loading
and shall be a minimum of 1 kN/m2.
For structural calculations, local codes or regulations, and actual loading situations shall be
adhered to if more stringent than the values obtained from Appendix C.
Where applicable, the weight of vehicles shall be included as live loading and shall be
applied to produce the most critical design cases.
2.4.3 Wind Loading
Wind load calculations shall comply with the requirements of BS 6399-2 Loading for
Buildings – ‘Code of Practice for Wind Loads’ and DEP 34.00.01.30-GEN.
Figure 2 specifies highest Mean Hourly Wind Speed, V10 (m/s), at a height of 10 m, which
shall be accounted for in the design.
The Design Wind Speed at any height z above the ground, Vz (m/s), is derived from the
formula below:
Vz = F x V10 x (z/10)1/y x S3 (m/s)
Where, Vz = The Design Wind Speed at height z.
V10 = The Mean Hourly Wind Speed
F = Gust Duration Factor Z = Height above grade
1/y = Locality Factor
S3 = Structure Category Factor
(S1 and S2 are included in the above).
Refer Table 4 for the values of F & 1/y and Table 5 for the value of S3.

Figure: 2
MEAN HOURLY WIND SPEED CHART

Table 4: Values Of Gust Duration Factor & Locality Factor
F 1/y
Categor
Topography
y
3 sec gust 10 sec gust
Extreme exposure. Large

1 expanses of open water, 1.5 1.3 1/14
grassland, desert, etc.
Open country with low

2 obstructions, trees, 2- 1.7 1.4 1/11
storey buildings, etc.
Built-up areas and areas

3 with high obstructions. 2.0 1.6 1/8
Towns, refineries, etc.
Although 3-second gust speeds, are sometimes quoted and certainly of great importance
when dealing with wind forces on structures, the above formula takes this into account.
It is intrinsically incorrect to stipulate 3-second gust duration values, as these depend on

location, obstructions and the influence of neighbouring structures (which could cause
eddies and complex flow resulting in much higher gust velocities), as well as height above
the ground. Therefore only use highest mean hourly wind speeds at 10 metres above the
ground.
The values of S3 are shown in Table 5 and shall be used for the various category of structure
as described in section 2.5.
Table 5: Values Of S3 For Wind Loading
Structure Type S3
Permanent 1.00
Semi Permanent 0.83
Temporary 0.77
Note: The values given above shall not be applicable for Telecom Type Towers and for any
special structures for a particular project and shall be calculated from BS 6399.
2.4.4 Design Loading For Crane Gantry Girders
The following applies only to single crane operation and to simple forms of crane gantry
construction. Loads for heavy crane, high-speed operation or multiple cranes on a single
gantry have to be specially calculated.
For crane gantry girders, the following allowances can be used to cover all forces set up by
vibration, shock from slipping of slings, kinetic action of acceleration and retardation and
impact of wheel loads:

a. For loads acting vertically, the maximum static wheel loads shall be increased by the
following percentages.
For an electric overhead cranes: 25%
For a hand operated cranes: 10%
b. The horizontal force acting transverse top the rails, the following percentages of the
combined weight of the crab and the load lifted:
For an electric overhead crane: 10%
For a hand operated crane: 5%
c. The horizontal forces acting along the rails shall be taken as a percentage of the static
wheel loads, which can occur on the rails, as follows:
For overhead cranes, either electric or hand operated: 5%
The forces specified in either (b) or (c) above, may be considered as acting at the rail level
and being appropriately transmitted to the supporting system.
Either of the horizontal forces in (b) or (c) above may act at the same time as the vertical
load on gantry girders and their vertical supports.
The design loadings for Overhead Travelling Cranes and outdoor gantries shall be
determined in accordance with BS 2573.
2.4.5 Dynamic Loads
Where loads arising from machinery, and other plant producing dynamic effects, are
supported by or communicated to a structure, allowance shall be made for these dynamic
effects by increasing the load by an adequate percentage.
Foundations, which directly support vibrating equipment such that the effects need to be
taken account of in the calculations, shall be designed in accordance with BS CP 2012. In
general it is advisable to provide anti-vibration pads.
2.4.6 Load Combinations
Load combinations shall be such that both maximum and minimum load cases are checked if
applicable to investigate not only design loadings on particular elements but also stability,
uplift and overturning conditions. Load combinations shall also be in accordance with the
requirements of the particular design code of practice or standard.
2.5 Climatic Aspects of Buildings
Attention shall be paid to the prevailing climatic conditions in various seasons (using
records of local climatic design data), such as air temperature, temperature differences,
saline atmosphere, sand and dust storms, possible sand infiltration of buildings, humidity,
solar influence, wind, micro climatic variations, etc., to arrive at a satisfactory design.
Buildings shall be designed and constructed so that, within operational and physical
constraints, they are able to maintain the necessary internal comfort condition with the
minimum of capital and operations costs over the whole range of external prevailing
conditions.

2.5.1 Climatic Design Criteria
Outdoor design conditions should be based on the relevant meteorological data for each
project. For further detail refer section 2.16.
2.5.2 Siting & Orientation
1 Residential and If at all possible, camps & housing plots etc., shall be sited up
Housing Areas wind of industrial areas, so that prevailing winds drive smoke &
fumes away from accommodation/residential areas. They shall
also be sited a reasonable distance away from mosques and
recreational facilities.
2 Industrial Areas As mentioned in section 1 if at all possible, industrial areas shall

be sited down wind of accommodation/residential areas but up
wind of flare areas and burn pits.
3 Individual As opposed to Western European standard, orientation of houses

Accommodation shall, if at all possible, be such as to avoid excessive sun and wind
Units or Houses exposure. Advantage shall be taken where possible to make best
use of scenic outlook and privacy. Living rooms and bedrooms
should face the garden, while kitchens and ancillary rooms etc.,
should face the street.
4 Mosques and All mosques and prayer shelters shall be orientated towards
Prayer Shelters Mecca. Once the building foundation trenches have been
excavated, final approval by the local religious authority shall be
received before further work commences. Mosques shall be
located away from any sources of noise.
5 Outdoor Sports Tennis courts, volley ball courts (and preferably football pitches)
Facilities shall be orientated in the N-S direction because of sun light
problems at dawn and dusk. Care need to be taken in siting these
facilities in relation to problems of night time glare from
flares/burnpits. Shelter is needed from the wind, especially for
badminton or tennis courts. Sports facilities shall not be located
close to areas from which there is high level of noise, for example,
turbines, or close to likely source of fumes/smoke, for example,
fire training ground.
6 Open Air Open Air Cinemas are usually only used at night. Therefore if
Cinemas such a facility has been specified by the Company (no longer
considered a standard facility), their location and orientation shall
depend on problems associated with glare from flares etc., and
noise to accommodation, mosques, etc., or from adjacent plant and
equipment. Prevailing wind problems with fumes, dust, etc., shall
also be taken into account, not forgetting the effects of the glare
from the sun (least important).
7 Power Stations Power Stations are generally very noisy and therefore their
location shall be such as to cause the least amount of discomfort to
occupants of camps, building, potential building plots, etc., still
ensuring cost effectiveness of cable lengths, O/H lines, fuel lines
etc. Gas Turbines have the added hazard of gas explosions (as well
as possible H2S problems). Noise levels are defined in the section
3.0 of SP 1231 and section 4.6 of DEP 34.17.00.32.
(Contd.)

2.5.2 Siting & Orientation (contd.)
8 Clinics Clinics shall be sited such that easy access to both Residential
and Industrial Areas is achieved. Noise is considered the
major hazard for clinics even though hazards due to
fumes/smoke/flare glare, etc., shall also be taken into account.
9 Schools Schools generally have a certain amount of noise associated
with them, and therefore should not be too close to housing.
A more important factor is the hazard of fast traffic. Speed
bumps shall be located on both sides of the School, with
appropriate traffic warning signs, etc., to control traffic
speeds. All hazard facilities, such as electrical substations,
sewage pumping pits, etc., shall be securely fenced off with
suitable locks.
10 Offices Offices should have an E-W main axis, with the windows
facing either north or south, as the penetrating morning and
evening sun is undesirable. The sun can be kept out by sun
blinds, window U/V film, or roof overhang. Siting is
dependant on client needs but care must be taken against
noise and fume/smoke hazards. Space is needed directly
outside the office space for off loading supplies and adequate
car parks. Natural day light is very desirable but not
necessarily essential. Artificial lighting, to correct levels, may
be used if no other option is available.
11 Workshops Workshop orientation is dependent on access to and from the

workshop to the access road. Siting of workshops is
dependent on client needs, services availability, noise factor,
hazardous factors, wind blown dust.
12 Warehouses Warehouses are normally located at the entrance of the supply

& Stores lay down area and orientated for easy access and removal of
material by fork lift trucks, transport trucks, etc. Materials
that need sun shading shall be orientated to obtain maximum
effect of side cladding while still attaining high efficiency of
access. In general this results in the main axis of the building
being orientated in the E-W direction, with access from the
North Wind blown dust also needs to be carefully taken into
account.
13 Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Laboratories shall be located well away from
Laboratories points of ignition and other such hazards (see IP Part 15
‘Model Code of Safe Practice’). They shall be free standing
with their own supply of uncontaminated air supply.
Orientation shall be such as to avoid direct sun light from
entering the laboratory, that is, the windows shall have a
northerly aspect.
14 Airstrips & When siting an Airstrip in the Interior the following points
Air Terminals shall be considered:
1. Air Lane activity in the area including for military flying.
2. Type of development in the surrounding area (camps,

garbage dumps, sewage lagoons, etc.). All these attract birds,
which are a hazard to incoming aircraft.
(Contd.)

14 Airstrips & 3. Communication (all types) problems and availability,

(contd.) Air Terminals radio interference, etc.
(contd.)
4. Utilities available – aviation fuel, water, electricity, etc.
5. Surrounding obstructions: telecom towers, sand dunes,

etc.
6. Meteorological conditions throughout the year.
7. Likely use by non-PDO personnel
Other factors to take into account are the expected lifetime of

the airstrip, type of planes that will be used, the effect and
condition of both the take off and approach zones, and
access to camp site or oil installation. The orientation of the
airstrip shall be dependent on prevailing winds and the
surrounding obstructions within the take off and approach
zones. The terminal building shall have the main axis
parallel to the airstrip. For the airstrips safety refer the PDO
Safety Reference Document M.3.9 or the appropriate
standards as stated CP-122 Code of Practice for the Health,
Safety and Environment Protection.
15 Explosives Explosives stores shall be located a minimum of 1000 m

Stores from roads and public buildings, which does not include the
access road to the store. These stores shall also be located a
minimum of 2000 m from vulnerable installations such as
pipe lines, production facilities, power lines and telecom
facilities. The compound itself shall be double security
fenced 6 m apart, with an outer 1 m deep, 2 m wide security
anti vehicle ditch. The associated guard house shall be
located along the approach access road, 400 m from the
Explosives store security fencing. All explosives stores shall
conform to the Royal Oman Police regulations.
16 Fuel Stations Fuel Stations are considered as a hazardous area, especially

during fuel delivery/despatch time, and therefore its location
shall be dependent on minimum distances from a point of
ignition to fuel vents. All fuel stations shall conform to the
‘Model Code of Safe Practice’ IP Part 15.
17 Fire Training The Fire Training Area is a source of ignition and a source of
Areas smoke (and possible H2S). These areas shall be located well
away from Residential and Recreational facilities. They
shall also be located well away from any installations, which
have inflammable or hydrocarbon compounds such as oil/gas
installations, fuel stations, explosive stores, laboratories,
warehouses/stores, etc. Building facilities, other than
buildings within the compound itself, shall not be less than
150 m away from a point of ignition in the Fire Training
Area. Prevailing winds and hence the effects of smoke must
be taken into consideration when locating such an area.
(Contd.)

18 STP’s Both Sewage Treatment Plants (and associated ponds) and

(Sewage Dedicated Evaporation Ponds are sources of smell and sanitary
Treatment pollution. All residential facilities and schools shall not be
Plants) and located within 100 m of a STP or evaporation ponds. Smell/bad
Evaporation odours are mainly caused by anaerobic (septic) conditions even
Ponds though excessive algae blooms do contribute to the smell.
Prevailing wind is a major factor when siting STP's and
evaporation ponds so that all manned locations shall be located
upward of such facilities. Wind is a major element in the
efficient running of an evaporation pond. Fencing to ponds, to
stop camels entering the area, shall be located away from the
pond itself to avoid effecting the wind fetch of the pond.
Location is also decided by ground water contamination,
closeness to potential flooding of wadi’s, or problems of
percolation/leakage under the bunds into manned areas (that is,
ponds to be located down hill of manned facilities).
19 Isotope Location of Isotope Store are defined in the Safety Reference
Stores document section M.2.1 or CP-122 Code of Practice for ‘Health,
Safety and Environment Protection’ and other documents
referenced therein.
20 Telecom Telecom installations are affected by heavy atmospheric
Installations disturbance and high voltage. Care must be taken to ensure that
high voltage cables or overhead lines are located away from
such installations. Commonly associated with Telecom facilities
are high towers which affect take off and approach zones of
airstrips. Microwave towers need to be free of any other outside
obstructions.
21 Transportable The main problem with Transportable Units is their risk of fire.
Units The minimum distance between Units shall be 5 m. Units shall
(Portacabins) be considered as a point of ignition when dealing with facilities
such as fuel stations, fuel tanks, etc. For access reasons, a
minimum space of 7 m shall be maintained between Units and a
fence/boundary wall.
22 R O Plants These should, when possible, be located close to the supply and
disposal wells, preferably between the wells and the user
facility.
23 Garbage Garbage dumps should be sited down wind from the camp and
Dumps in particular away from any aircraft landing strip or helicopter
pad as these attract birds, etc.
24 Scrap Heaps Scrap heaps shall be located such as to minimise environmental
impact and shall be regularly backfilled as dumping continues.
Where removable scrap is stored this shall be within screened
areas.
25 Military Following is applicable for Military installations.
Installations 1) No construction allowed within 20m from outside fence
2) No more than one storey building is allowed within 200m
3) No more than two storey building is allowed within 300m
4) No more than three storey building is allowed within 400m
5) No construction allowed between the main road and outside
fence
6) ROP approval is required before constructing within 400m
from the outside fence.
(Contd.)

25 Car Parks In the design of car parks particular attention shall be drawn to
save ingress to and egress from the approach roads. In
congested areas right angle parking should be used to maximise
space usage and overall cost. Elsewhere 450 parking is
considered desirable. Whilst it is mandatory in the Interior to
build car parks suitable for Reverse Parking, for the Coast uses
normal drive in parking (see Figure 5 in this document).
26 Shops Shops shall be provided with a storeroom, toilet and wash hand
basin. The store shall be minimum 15% of the shop floor area.
2.6 Means of Escape and Fire Protection
The planning of all buildings shall be in accordance with the BS 5588 Part 1 to 5 Fire
Precautions in the Design & Construction of Buildings and shall comply with the
requirements of Royal Oman Police regulations.
Building layouts and proposed fire protection systems shall be subject to Company
approval.
The layouts shall show safe means of escape routes, protected corridors, travelling distances
to the protected corridors, protected shafts and means of escape exists. A statement shall be
provided specifying the proposed air-conditioning supply and return air systems, and fire
protection systems for the project.
The location of all hand held fire-fighting equipment shall be agreed with the Company.
All matters relating to Fire Detection, Protection and Alarms is covered under Section
2.17.7, 2.19.4 and 2.20 of this document.
2.7 Minimum Building Requirements
2.7.1 PDO Buildings
2.7.1.1 PDO Office Buildings
These buildings shall be designed with an overall building width of 13 m. One of the centre
corridor walls shall coincide with the centre of the building giving offices of internal
dimensions of:
Office 1 4.15 m x (3.38) m = 14 m2
Office 2 6.25 m x (3.38) m = 21 m2
Corridor width 1.80 m
4 Walls of 200 mm each 0.80 m
Hence 13.00 m (Width of building)
Provision shall be made for installation of partition walls at approximately 1.69 m intervals
so that following rooms sizes can be formed: 7 m2, 10.5 m2, 14 m2, 21 m2, 31.5 m2 and 42
m2.

2.7.1.2 PDO Sleeping Accommodation
All rooms in the PDO sleeping accommodation blocks shall have a bedroom, attached
bath/toilet and storage facilities. Standard room sizes are given in the Table 6. The
accommodation unit allocation shall be one person/room for senior staffs and two
persons/room for junior staffs.
Table 6: Areas of Sleeping Accommodation
Staff (Grade)
Item
SS JS
Bedroom m2 20.80 20.80
Shower/WC m2 3.20 3.20
Storage m3 2.00 2.00
Total Area m2 24.00 24.00
En suite En suite
Notes shower/wc shower/wc
2.7.1.3 PDO Ablution Requirements
In general toilets shall have minimum internal dimensions of 1.0 m x 1.6 m for both SS and
JS. This may be reduced to 0.9 m x 1.3 m in offices.
Showers shall have minimum dimensions of 1.0 m x 1.8 m, divided into a wet area and a dry
area by a simple curtain, the latter area having a seat.
2.7.2 Contractors Buildings
Contractor’s temporary site offices shall have areas as stated in section 2.7.1.1 or to suit the
requirements of a particular contract.
Accommodation for contractors shall be provided in the PAC (Permanent Accommodation

for Contractors) and its facilities are similar like PDO facilities. If there is no PAC
accommodation the Contractors can have their own camp and to provide the same facilities
to their staffs. The accommodation unit allocation in the PAC or in the Contractors camp
shall be one person/room for senior staffs and two persons/room for junior staffs and all
other category staffs.
Three persons sharing per room shall be allowed for JE and other staff categories, if the
bedroom size is more than 21 m2 or as stated in Table 6.
2.7.2.1 Contractors SS Accommodation & Ablution Facilities
Contractors SS accommodation shall have a sleeping room with an attached bath/toilet

facilities. The room sizes shall not be less than 13 m2.in case of portable accommodation
units otherwise the size shall be the same as given in Table 6.
The following sanitary ware fittings shall be provided for each bath /toilet unit. Refer Table
7.

Table7: Contractors SS Ablution Facilities
Sanitary Fittings
Item Staff WC WC Hand- Shower

(Western) (Eastern) Urinals wash Units 1.8
1.6 m2 1.4 m2 Basins m2
2a SS √ √ √
2b SS √ √ √
2c SS √ √ √
2.7.2.2 Contractors JS/JE Accommodation & Ablution Facilities
Contractors JS/JE and all other staff’s accommodation units shall have a sleeping room with
attached bath/toilet facilities. The room sizes shall not be less than 13 m2.in case of portable
accommodation units otherwise the size shall be the same as given in Table 6. The
following minimum number of sanitary ware fittings shall be provided for each bath / toilet
unit. Refer Table 8.
Table8: Contractors JE Ablution Facilities
Sanitary Fittings
Item Staff WC WC Hand- Shower

(Western) (Eastern) Urinals wash Units
1.6 m2 1.4 m2 Basins 1.8 m2
3a JS √ √ √
3b JE √ √ √
3c JE √ √ √
3d Others √ √ √
3e Others √ √
2.7.2.3 Contractors Kitchen and Messing Facilities
In general, the Kitchen and Associated Facilities should be constructed in block work, and
the use of porta-cabin type kitchens shall be discouraged. The Kitchen and Associated
Facilities for Contractors have been sized using the following design criteria, based on
international norms:
Individual space requirements in the kitchen for the various functions are shown in the
Figure 3.

Figure 3: Kitchen Facilities Dimension Chart
M2
60
Preparation
40
20
0 0 200 400 600 800
Meals
3.a. Preparation
M2
80
60 Service
40
20
0 0 200 400 600 800
Meals
3.b. Service
M2
60
40 Staff Facilities
20
0 0 200 400 600 800
Meals 3.c. Staff Facilities

Figure 3: Kitchen Facilities Dimension Chart (contd.)
M2
60
Cooking
40
20
0 0 200 400 600 800
Meals
3.d. Cooking
M2
60
40
Wash-Up
20
0 0 200 400 600 800
Meals
3.e. Wash-Up
M2
60
Storage (total)
40
20
0 0 200 400 600 800
Meals
3.f. Storage (total)

Table 9: Contractor Kitchen Facilities Dimensions/Sizes
Total Manpower of Contractor

Item Description
0 to 10 10 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 400
People People People People People People
4 Kitchen Area
4a Preparation N/A 10 m2 10 m2 11 m2 15 m2 23 m2
4b Service N/A 18 m2 18 m2 19 m2 22 m2 36 m2
4c Staff Facilities N/A 10 m2 10 m2 13 m2 15 m2 19 m2
4d Cooking N/A 19 m2 19 m2 20 m2 23 m2 39 m2
4e Wash Up N/A 8 m2 8 m2 10 m2 13 m2 18 m2
4f Storage (Total) N/A 25 m2 25 m2 27 m2 32 m2 35 m2
4 Total Kitchen Area JS and SS N/A 90 m2 90 m2 100 m2 120 m2 170 m2

Table 10: Contractors Dining Room Facilities Dimensions/Sizes
Total Manpower of Contractors

Item Description
10 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 400
0 to 10 People
People People People People People
Motel SS + JS Eat SS + JS Eat SS + JS Eat SS + JS Eat SS + JS Shift &

5a Condition of Dining/ Messing Facilities
Accommodation Together Together Separately Separately Eat Separately
180 - 2 No
5b Assumed Average Population N/A 20 40 80 170
Shifts
5c Assumed Split Between JS and SS N/A 1 to 4 1 to 5 1 to 6 1 to 7 1 to 8
360 - 2 No
5d Assumed Number of Meals/sitting N/A 20 40 80 170
Shifts
5e Dining Space factor for JS N/A 1.6per’s/m2 1.5per’s/m2 1.4per’s/m2 1.4 persons/m2 07 persons/m2
5f Dining Space factor for SS N/A N/A N/A 1.8per’s/m2 1.7 persons/m2 08 persons/m2
JS Dining Area Space Requirement in m2 N/A 32m2 60m2 93m2 203m2 220m2
JS Servery and Extra Circulation Space N/A 18m2 30m2 47m2 107m2 110m2

Table 10: Contractor Dining Room Facilities dimensions/Sizes (cont’d…)

Item Description
0 to 10 10 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 400
People People People People People People
5g Total Dining Space Requirement for JS N/A 50m2 90m2 140m2 310m2 330m2
Dining Area Space Requirement for SS N/A N/A N/A 25m2 43m2 36m2
SS Servery and Extra Circulation Space N/A N/A N/A 15m2 27m2 24m2
Total Dining Space Requirement for

5h N/A N/A N/A 40m2 70m2 60m2
SS
Dining Area Space Requirement in m2 for

N/A 32m2 60m2 118m2 246m2 256m2
both JS & SS
Servery and Extra Circulation Space For

N/A 18m2 30m2 62m2 134m2 134m2
JS & SS
Total JS & SS Dining Area

5i N/A 50m2 90m2 180m2 380m2 390m2
Requirement

Table 11: Other Kitchen/ Messing Related Facilities Dimensions/ Sizes

Item Description
0 to 10 People 10 to 25 People 25 to 50 People 50 to 100 People 100 to 200 People 200 to 400 People
6 Other Facilities
6a Bakery N/A 16m2 16m2 20m2 30m2 40m2
6b Laundry N/A 35m2 35m2 55m2 70m2 110m2
6c Catering Offices N/A 14m2 14m2 20m2 20m2 30m2
6d SS Toilet / Wash N/A 10 m2 15 m2 15 m2 24 m2 24 m2
6e JS Toilet / Wash N/A 25 m2 30 m2 30 m2 36 m2 36 m2
6 Total Other Facilities N/A 100m2 110m2 140m2 180m2 240m2
Table 12: Overall Area of Contractor’s Kitchen/ Messing Facilities

Item Description
0 to 10 People 10 to 25 People 25 to 50 People 50 to 100 People 100 to 200 People 200 to 400 People
Overall Area of Kitchen/

7 N/A 240m2 290m2 420m2 680m2 800m2
Messing

2.8 Building Elements and Finishes
Building elements shall be designed and detailed to comply with fire regulations as detailed
in the United Kingdom Building Regulations 1985 produced by the Department of the
Environment and the Welsh Office. Designs and details shall also comply with the
requirements of the local fire authorities. Refer Appendix C for the relative values of the
different Building Elements and Finishes of PDO buildings.
2.8.1 Walls
All wall designs and details shall take into consideration the following:
- Structural Loading Requirements
- Thermal Insulation Requirements
- Noise Insulation Requirements
- Water/Moisture Repelling Requirements
- Thermal Movement/Structural Freedom
- Acoustic Reverberation Requirements
- Economic Aspects
- Finishing Requirements
- Animal, Vermin, Insect Penetration Requirements
- Dust Penetration Requirements
In addition external walls shall be designed and detailed to resist moisture penetration, to
prevent the occurrence of condensation. Damp proofing is required, as in temperate
climates (regarding the omission of damp proof courses, refer section 2.8.1.5). Termite
barriers are essential in the construction of walls.
Internal walls for wash rooms and other wet rooms shall be designed and detailed to be
moisture resistant and shall contain a damp proof course. Walls for control buildings shall
be solid with no cavities to prevent the possible build up of gases and therefore hollow
blocks shall not be used in these instances. Holes for cable entries in these buildings shall
be sealed with polyurethane foam after cables have been installed.
2.8.1.1 Structural Loading
All load bearing block work walls shall have a minimum compressive strength of 10 N/mm2.
All non - load bearing block work walls shall have a minimum compressive strength of 3.5
N/mm2.
Mortar shall as a minimum comply with the requirements of designation II as described in

BS 5628.
All openings for windows, doors, etc. in hollow block work shall be framed on all sides by
providing a minimum of one T12 reinforcing bar placed centrally in the block hollow
adjacent to the opening. The hollow shall subsequently be filled with concrete as the block
work progresses. The concrete shall be a minimum of grade 20. (Characteristic strength of
concrete shall be 20 N/mm2 @ 28 days with 10 mm aggregate).

The framing bar shall run from the floor below the opening to the ceiling above and where
applicable shall pass through and be cast into the lintels above the opening. It shall also,
where applicable, be cast into the slab below and soffit above the block panel under
consideration.
Walls shall be designed to withstand all vertical, horizontal and longitudinal loads, including
wind and stability loading, as necessary. Due consideration shall be given to the eccentricity
of loading in the design.
2.8.1.2 Thermal Requirements
Light colour, heat reflecting, thermal qualities and low maintenance shall be the main
considerations in selecting the external finish. ‘U’ values should not exceed 0.6 W/m2 0C for
external walls. Cavity walls with insulation shall be considered in all external wall designs
for air conditioned buildings to help conserve energy. See also section 2.8.1.5.
2.8.1.3 Noise Requirements
All walls shall be suitably designed and constructed to ensure compliance with the room
noise ratings specified in Appendix K.
2.8.1.4 Thermal Movements / Structural Freedom
Vertical movement joints in walls shall be placed at intervals not exceeding the following:
Table 13: Movement Joints
Wall Type Max. Joint spacing
Concrete framed buildings and structures 30 m
Concrete walls 30 m
Fired clay brick walls 12 m
Calcium silicate bricks 8m
Concrete brick walls 8m
Concrete block walls 6m
Parapet walls 5m
Horizontal movements joints may be required where block work/brickwork is built in a

frame to allow the frame to move independently.
All movement joints in buildings shall be sealed to prevent the ingress of water.
2.8.1.5 Economic Aspects
Consideration shall be given to exceeding the ‘U’ value of 0.6 W/m2 °C stipulated in section
2.8.1.2 where the environmental condition within the space is not critical.
Non-fair faced un-rendered block work may be used in areas of non-aesthetic importance.
Where wall cladding is used, un-plastered non-fair faced blocks shall be used on faces
covered by the cladding.

External walls constructed on concrete ground beams or slabs which are a minimum of 150
mm above surrounding ground level shall not require a horizontal damp proof cover.
2.8.1.6 Wall Finishes
Wall finishes as detailed in Appendix D of this document shall be used.
2.8.2 Floors
2.8.2.1 External Floors & Hard standings
Where reinforced concrete floors are required externally they should be constructed in bays
not greater than 4.5 m in width, which shall separated by longitudinal construction joints.
Every other longitudinal construction joint shall be formed to allow shrinkage to occur.
Each bay shall be divided into lengths not exceeding 5 m by transverse shrinkage control
joints. Expansion joints shall be provided in both directions every 30 m.
Where mass concrete hard standings are used they shall be formed in bays not exceeding 5
m x 5 m, which shall be separated by isolation joints.
All external floors and hard standings shall be laid with adequate falls (minimum 1:100)
such that, allowing for normal tolerances, there is no possibility of water ponding and to
ensure quick and effective drainage.
Consideration shall be given, particularly with temporary or semi permanent floor to laying
the concrete directly on the ground.
2.8.2.2 Internal Floors
All exposed concrete floors shall be treated with an anti-dust compound.
All exposed concrete floors subject to oil/acid spillage shall be treated with a suitable epoxy
based flooring cover.
In workshops, due consideration shall be given to fork lift loading, racking and machine
foundations.
All vibrating and large machine foundations shall be isolated from the ground floor slab by
way of an isolation joint.
For the installation of computers and other instrument or electrical equipment with cable
connecting at the bottom of the equipment cavity floors shall be provided. These shall
comprise a reinforced concrete lower floor and a removable panel upper floor of 600 x 600
module supported on pedestals. The pedestals shall be fixed to the concrete floor in such a
manner as to form a firm bedding and shall be in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. They shall be adjustable in height and the adjustable section shall have
automatic positive locking. Ensure that the pedestals and the frames, supporting either the
instrument or electrical cabinets, are able to provide independent stability to the structure at
all times. Each floor panel shall be capable of supporting, as a minimum, a concentrated
load of 4450 N, applied on an area of 650 mm2 at any point. The floor shall also be capable
of carrying, as a minimum, 15 kN/m2 with a maximum deflection of 1 mm. The reinforced
concrete floor below the cavity shall be painted with an epoxy paint to prevent formation of
dust.
All pre-cast suspended floors shall be suitably tied to the structure to provide robust and
stable construction.

2.8.2.3 Floor Finishes
Floor finishes as detailed in Appendix E of this document shall be used.
To all wet areas such as toilets the floor and 200 mm up surrounding walls shall be painted
with two coats of bitumen and sharp sand splattered for key.
At change of finishes line, at all doorways and in bays not exceeding 15 m2 brass dividing
strips finished flush to the surface shall be provided.
2.8.3 Skirting
Skirting as detailed in Appendix F of this document shall be used.
2.8.4 Ceilings
Ceiling finishes as detailed in Appendix G of this document shall be used.
2.8.5 Doors
Doors as detailed in Appendix H of this document shall be used.
All doors shall be either solid teak framed or teak faced solid core flush doors. Where doors
are fire rated their composition shall change accordingly.
2.8.6 Windows
Refer Appendix I for Window Types.
Contractors shall verify the final dimensions at site before making shop drawings. Approval
to shop drawings shall be given prior to commencement of manufacture. All windows to be
silver anodised aluminium with 6 mm thick glazing.
Windows shall be fixed into a timber frame. Glazing to floor level windows shall be armour
plated glass. To bathrooms and toilets shall be rough - cast narrow receded.
2.8.7 Ironmongery
Subject to the building type the quality of fittings to be used shall be determined by the
Company Representative. Generally ironmongery shall be in packs. Ironmongeries pack
and typical requirements are detailed in Appendix J of this document.
2.9 Staircases and Platforms

All stairs shall be designed and located to meet the requirements of the Royal Oman Police
for means of escape in the case of fire.
All doors shall open in the direction of the escape route and be positioned so as not to block
any stairway.
For steel stairs the minimum width of stairway, walkway & platforms shall not be less than
750mm. Stair treads shall not be made GRP or aluminium and shall be hot-dip galvanised
steel. On platforms, the distance to a stair or ladder shall not be more than 25m.
The Concrete platforms in front of equipment doors shall be calculated to be able to bear the
equipment that will be transported through the doors.

No stairway shall exceed sixteen risers in any one flight, if more are necessary a landing
shall be provided.
2.9.1 Flow Capacities of Staircases
For fire safety purposes (fire escapes) a flow capacity of 1.3 persons per second per metre
width shall be used. This is greater than normal use flow capacity which, shall be
determined as shown in Table 14 below:
Table 14: Normal Use Staircase Flow Capacities
Free Flow Mean Plan Density <0.6 Full Design Capacity 1-way Plan
persons/m2 Density 2 persons/m2
Limit of stair capacity

Speed along Speed along Stair capacity
with free flow
Slope (m/s) Slope (m/s) (persons/min/m/width)
(persons/min/m/width)
0.9 27 0.6 60
2.9.2 Riser / Going Relationship
The following formula shall be used to determine the suitable relationship of riser to going
for normal staircases:
2 R + G = 550 TO 700 mm,
Where: R= Riser & G = Going
Refer Table 15 for the stairs dimensions, headroom clearances, travelling distances and
other requirements.

Table 15: Dimensions For Staircases
Domestic Domestic Office/

Office Type Industrial
Dimensions in mm Serving for 1 Serving >1 Industrial Domestic Fire
Building Fire Escape
Dwelling Dwellings Escape
(max.) 180 210 180 210 180 210

Riser
(min.) 75 75 75 75 75 75
(max.) 310 280 310 280 310 280

Going
(min.) 280 240 280 240 280 240
Headroom (min.) 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100
Minimum clearance (*) perpendicular

1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650
to flight.
Height of handrail above front of treads 900 900 900 900 900 900
Height of handrail above landing 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
(Contd.)

Table 15: Dimensions For Staircases (contd.)
Domestic Domestic Office/

Office Type Industrial
Dimensions in mm Serving for 1 Serving >1 Industrial Domestic
Building Fire Escape
Dwelling Dwellings Fire Escape
Max. number of risers in flight 12 16 12 16 12 16
Length of landings (+) 900 900 1100 900 1100 900
Maximum travel distance along

fire escape route (Escape 30 m 30 m 30 m 30 m 30 m 30 m
possible in one direction only)
Maximum travel distance along

fire escape route (Escape
46 m 46 m 46 m 46 m 46 m 46 m
possible in more than one
direction)
* Minimum clearance above flights between:
a. Line drawn through nosings; and,
b. Ceiling at edge of stairwell
+ Length of landing shall not be less than width of staircase relevant to location of stairs.

2.9.3 Fire Rating for Structures
The minimum fire rating values of the building for various purposes and types are indicated in the Table 16, however these shall meet the requirements of the
latest Royal Oman Police regulations.
Table 16: Guide To Fire Ratings For Various Structures
Minimum Period (h) for Elements of

Maximum Dimensions
Structure
Purpose, Group &Type
of Building
Height (m) of Building Ground or Upper Basement Storey
Floor Area (m2) Cubic (m3) Capacity
or of Separated Part Storey (incl. Floor Over)
Office – Single storey no limit 3000 no limit 0.5 not applicable

building or separated part
(no basement) no limit no limit no limit 1.0 not applicable
7.5 250 no limit 0.5* 1.0
7.5 500 no limit 0.5* 1.0

Building or separated part
15.0 no limit 3500 1.0** 1.0
which is not single storey
28.0 500 14000 1.0 1.5
no limit no limit no limit 1.5 2.0
no limit 2000 no limit 0.5* not applicable

Shop – Single storey
building or separated part no limit 3000 no limit 1.0 not applicable
(no basement)
no limit no limit no limit 23.0 not applicable
(Contd.)

Table 16: Guide to Fire Ratings for various structures (Contd.)
Maximum Dimensions Minimum Period (h) for Elements of Structure

Purpose, Group & Height (m) of Building Ground or Upper Basement Storey
Type of Building Floor Area (m2) Cubic (m3) Capacity
7.5 150 no limit 0.5* 1.0
7.5 500 no limit 0.5* 1.0

Building separated
part which is not 15.0 no limit 3500 1.0** 1.0
single storey
28.0 1000 7000 1.0** 2.0
no limit 2000 7000 2.0 4.0
7.5 150 no limit 0.5* 1.0
7.5 500 no limit 0.5* 1.0

Building separated
part which is not 15.0 no limit 3500 1.0** 1.0
single storey
28.0 1000 7000 1.0 2.0
No limits 4000 14000 2.0 4.0

Industrial single
storey building or
no limit 3000 no limit 1.0 not applicable
separated part (no
basement)
(Contd.)


Maximum Dimensions
Structure
Purpose, Group &
Type of Building
Height (m) of Building Ground or Upper Basement Storey
Floor Area (m2) Cubic (m3) Capacity
7.5 250 no limit 0.5* 1.0
7.5 no limit 1700 0.5* 1.0
Building separated part 15.0 no limit 4250 1.0** 1.0

which is not single
storey 28.0 no limit 8500 1.0 2.0
28.0 no limit 28000 2.0 4.0
no limit 2000 5500 2.0 4.0
Other non-residential no limit 1000 no limit 1.0 not applicable

single storey building
or separated part (no
basement) no limit 3000 no limit 2.0 not applicable
(Contd.)


Maximum Dimensions
Structure
Purpose, Group &
Type of Building
Height (m) of Building or Basement Storey
Floor Area (m2) Cubic (m3) Capacity Ground or Upper Storey
of Separated Part (incl. Floor Over)
7.5 150 no limit 0.5* 1.0
7.5 300 no limit 0.5 1.0
15.0 no limit 1700 1.0** 1.0

Building separated part
which is not single 15.0 no limit 3500 1.0 2.0
storey
28.0 no limit 7000 2.0 4.0
28.0 no limit 21000 4.0 4.0
over 28.0 1000 no limit 4.0 4.0
(Contd.)

Modifications
Any element of structure should have at least the minimum period needed for any other element structure, which it carries or supports (whether that other element
is load bearing or not).
* Increased to 1 hour for separating walls. Reduced to 0.5 hour if the area of the basement is 50 m2 less.
** Reduced to 0.5 hour for any floor (which is not also a compartment floor), but not for any part of floor, which contributes to the support of the
building as a whole and not for any beam, which supports the floor.
Notes: 1. The floor area of each storey in the building or where the building is divided in compartments the floor area of each storey in the compartment of which
the element structure forms part.
2. The cubic capacity of the building or where the building is divided into compartments cubic capacity of the compartment of which the structure forms
part.
3. Where the building is fitted throughout with an automatic sprinkler system meeting relevant recommendations of BS 5306: Part 2.

2.10 Roofs
Due consideration shall be given to the provision of access to roofs, where necessary for
maintenance etc. In situations where required, a safe means of access shall be provided.
Also waterproofing details in these instances shall be such that they will satisfactorily
withstand the likely subsequent wear and tear.
2.10.1 Thermal Requirement
Roofs should have a maximum ‘U’ value of 0.6 W/m2 0C. Insulation should be capable of
withstanding rodent attack in situations where it may be exposed to the same. Roofs are
subject to intense heat and thermal movement and waterproof membranes shall be
adequately protected or detailed to withstand these conditions. It should be possible to
inspect and repair the membrane periodically and consideration should be given to
permanent access. Because of its exposure special care should be taken when specifying
roof insulation for ‘Upside-Down’ roofs, in terms of required insulation characteristics,
durability, water absorption and physical strength.
2.10.2 Water Discharge
Rain is infrequent, but when it does occur it can be torrential, consequently, traditional
gargoyles are the preferred method of rainwater disposal from flat roofs and should be
employed. Careful consideration shall be given to the projection of gargoyles and to the
ground treatment where rain water discharges. Gargoyles shall be provided with suitable
drips to prevent water running down the face of the building causing unsightly stains.
Gargoyles shall be sited away from doors, lights and where possible windows.
2.10.3 Flat Roofs
Flat roofs should be promoted where possible. Pitched roofs, other than for warehouses/
workshops, are not permitted in the Muscat Area. The upside down flat roof has the added
advantage that the roof insulation protects the waterproofing layer from both the intense heat
and puncturing. Extremely careful detailing of such roofs is essential to ensure durability.
Flat roofs shall be provided with a minimum fall of 1.80. Consideration shall be given to
pre-cambering, particularly on long span roofs to prevent ponding. In any case ponding
shall not occur.
Parapets on flat roofs are a natural source of building defects, particularly when of block
work construction.
Parapets shall be carefully detailed to control thermal movement with control joints not
exceeding the spacing in section 2.8.1.4.
Parapets shall be securely fixed to the roof slab and shall be capable of resisting a minimum
horizontal load, on access roofs, of 0.75 kN/m run at the top of the parapet which should be
a minimum of 1.1 m above the roof covering.
Flat roofs cast on load bearing block work should contain a slip plane between the block
work and slab soffit to allow for thermal movement of the slab without distressing the block
work. The roof slab, however, must be suitably held in place to ensure stability criteria are
maintained.

2.10.4 Pitched Roofs
Pitched roofs shall be avoided wherever possible. As a general rule, only flat roof designs
shall be used in the Muscat Area. Pitched roof designs may be considered in the Interior
only if it needs to match existing pitched roofs, or used for warehouses/ workshops and
sunshades. Pitched roofs in the Muscat Area have to be hidden by using appropriate
facades.
When used, pitched roof plan shapes shall be kept as simple as possible, hips and valleys
should be avoided. The construction shall be such as to result in a completely waterproofed
roof.
Consideration shall be given to ridge vents in order to reduce internal design pressures
arising from wind loading and where required to provide natural ventilation.
Pitched roofs shall generally have a slope of 200.
Gutters and downspouts shall only be provided over entrances and where people have to
pass. However adequate details at ground level shall be provided to prevent erosion and
percolation.
Design of Sunshades and standard details are covered under a separate document: SP-1283
Specification for Standard Sunshades – ‘Design & Standard Drawings’.
2.10.5 Roof Sheeting
It is important to fully specify the roof sheeting requirements on design drawings. The
following minimum requirements shall be used:
Galvanised Steel Sheeting shall:
1. Be painted with a protective coating on both sides, with a minimum of 25

microns on the external face, and 12.5 microns for the internal face.
2. Have a minimum thickness of the metal of 0.5 mm.
3. Have a profile depth of not less than 26 mm.
4. Not be used in severe marine areas (for example, MAF, RAH, etc.): this is
also in line with the requirements of the Muscat Municipality.
5. Be thoroughly inspected during erection and before acceptance, looking

carefully how drilled holes and cut edges are finished off (ensure drill
cuttings are not left as a deposit on the sheeting upon completion of the
works).
6. Be inspected on a yearly basis for deterioration, resulting in the sheets being

washed down to remove salt deposits.
Aluminium Sheeting shall:
1. Be painted with a minimum of 50 microns on the external face, and the

internal face is painted or lacquered,
2. Have a minimum thickness of the metal of 0.7 mm,
3. Have a profile depth of not less than 26 mm,

4. Be inspected on a two yearly basis, resulting in the sheets being washed

down to remove salt deposits,
5. Be fixed with stainless steel self-tapping screws and isolated from the
purlins with In-seal Tape.
In addition to the above two materials (but ignoring sheeting materials such as GRP/ GRE/
etc.), a third type of material may be used known as 55%AIZn Coated Steel Sheeting. This
material has an ideal mix of 55% Aluminium, 43.4% Zinc and 1.6 Silicon. The material
shall follow the same requirements as Galvanised Steel (see above), but can be used for
Coastal Areas (MAF, RAH, etc.). There might be problems related to powder coating this
material and therefore colour choices will be limited.
2.11 Built-in-Furniture
All cupboards shall be fitted with shelving to maximise the use of the storage space.
In the layout of kitchens particular attention shall be paid to safe distances between electric
points and the sink. Kitchens shall be designed to be ergonomically and correctly related in
the layout of the parts. In general,
Broom cupboard – Fridge/Freezer – Worktop – Sink Worktop – Cooker Worktop. Worktop

shall have integral up stands.
Fitted wardrobes shall be provided in all bedrooms including SS rooms and Clinic wards.
Where rooms are in use by two persons two wardrobes shall be provided.
In each dwelling bathroom, and each room with bed(s) and basin, a bathroom cabinet shall
be provided with mirror front, two sections, shaver point and light.
Pin boards shall be provided to all:
1. JS Messes – Entrance Halls, Billiards Rooms, Table Tennis Rooms, Dining

Rooms.
2. Offices.
3. Squash viewing gallery.
To detached and semi-detached accommodation and mess block, curtain pelmets shall be
provided.
To outdoor cinemas, slatted hardwood seating shall be provided.
To SS Mess firm bar with back display and storage shall be provided.
2.12 Security
2.12.1 Fencing and Gates
All fencing and gates shall comply with the requirements of the Company standard
specification SP-1279-P Specification for Civil & Building Construction – ‘Fencing &
Gates’. The consultants drawing shall make reference to the fencing and gate types
contained therein.
Types of fences to be used in various locations are shown in Table 17:

Table 17: Types of Fences
Location Type of Fence
Air Fields and Air Strips D
Booster Station B
Contractors Area – (Industrial) C
Contractors Area – (Residential) C
Corrosion Monitoring Pit Barrier
Explosives Store A
Farms C
Flares – Ground C
Flares – Tower C
Garbage Dumps C
Gas Plants (Double Fence) A
Gathering Station B
H2S Well B
High Pressure Gas Well Heads B
Interior Camps B
Isotope Pit A
Main Line Block Valve Station B
Main Line Pump Station A
Microwave Areas B
Oil Tank Farm – Primary B
Oil Tank Farm – Secondary B
Oil Terminal & Metering Station (Double Fence) A
Oxydation Ponds C
Pig Launchers/ Catchers (when separate) B
PDO Industrial Area – Camp Workshop C
(Contd.)

Table 17: Types of Fences (contd.)
Location Type of Fence
PDO Industrial Area – Fire Station C
PDO Industrial Area – Fire Training C
PDO Industrial Area – Main Workshop C
Power Station B
Production Station A
Reverse Osmosis Plant C
Right of Way (only in Populous Areas) Barrier
Sewage Treatment Plants C
Sub Station B
Supply Yard – Sub Station B
Supply Yard – Surplus B
Supply Yard – Scrap B
Telecom Centres A
Telecom Towers B
Water Injection Area (when separate) B
Well Test Module B
In addition to the above requirements, a standard signboard (refer SP-1284 Specification for
Signs & Signboards – ‘Standard Signs Catalogue’ shall be placed at the entrance of the
fenced compound, indicating the presence of a ‘Restricted Area’ (refer CP-122). It should
be noted that the rationale for installing fences and gates as tabled above, is as a direct result
of having identified Specific HSE Site Hazards and/ or Specific Security related Access
Control Requirements.
The HSE Access Control Procedure (refer CP-122 and the documents referenced therein),
Stipulates that the asset holder (as defined in the Corporate Asset Holder Register) is
required to specify those areas, which need Access Control (based on what hazards and
threats have been identified). It is possible therefore, that asset holders may decide to install
fences/ gates in locations not included in the above table.
Low Pressure Well Heads and Remote Manifolds do not require fencing. For details refer
SP-1127 Plant Equipment & Layout Specification.

2.13 Paint Finish & Colour
Colours shall be to British Standard BS 4800. If specific colours are not requested or
specified, the following colours should be used for:
08-B-15 : Magnolia
10-B-15 : Ivory
08-B-17 : Wood Smoke
06-C-33 : Honeysuckle
14-C-31 : Light Green
00-E-55 : White
For the non-specialised buildings, that is, accommodation, offices, exposed service pipes,
for example water pipes, shall be painted to match their background colour.
2.13.1 External Surfaces
All external walls should be 06-C-33 throughout (unless specified otherwise). All exposed
drainage or vent pipes in front of the external wall shall be painted the same colour as the
wall.
2.13.2 Internal Surfaces
All Mess Dining Rooms, Games Rooms, Lounges, Billiards Rooms and TV/Video Rooms
shall be 08-B-17 - Wood Smoke.
All Clinic and Hospital Wards shall be 14-C-31 – Light Green.
All Detached and Semi-detached Housing shall be 08-B-15 - Magnolia.
Where the soffit of the ceiling is exposed (either exposed concrete or plastered ceilings) use
00-E-55.
All other areas shall be 10-B-15 - Ivory.
The type of paint finish shall be as described in Wall Finishes (Appendix D).
2.14 External Works

External works shall be designed to suit the particular traffic, whether vehicular or
pedestrian. Emphasis is to be placed on cost saving by, for example, minimising lengths of
roads, paving only essential areas and providing a finished level, which will minimise
earthworks and yet function to the technical requirements.
2.14.1 Site Preparation
Site is to be inspected and general site clearance requirements established. Design is to

include for removal of debris, vegetation and vegetable soil, removal or replanting plants,
trees, bushes, etc. and protection measures for plants, trees and bushes where they are to
remain within the project works.

2.14.2 Landscaping
All projects involving landscaping should incorporate the current PDO landscaping
specification SP-1279-Q. Particular attention should be paid to the creation of a localised
microclimate with low, medium or high canopies as appropriate to the particular situation.
For Landscaping Irrigation refer to section 2.17.8.
2.14.2.1 Hard Landscaping
Hard landscaping should be designed with regard to considerations of general aesthetics.

Within open spaces hard landscaping/foot paths etc. should be designed with curves, that is,
straight lines should be avoided. An aesthetically pleasing variety of colour should be
achieved in hard landscaping.
2.14.2.2 Soft Landscaping
Soft Landscaping should be designed considering both the aesthetic aims and long term
maintenance requirements.
2.14.2.3 Screening Requirements
Consideration should be given to the need to reduce dust nuisance in amenity areas by
landscaping in conjunction with other appropriate means, for example, fabric attached to
fences.
2.14.3 Roads
2.14.3.1 Internal Access Road
Where internal access roads are required to serve buildings, car-parking areas etc., the
Consultant must clarify the likely range of vehicles that will be requiring access.
Where the layout is designed for private vehicle usage, mountable kerbs should be provided
where necessary to allow for occasional heavy vehicle passage.
1. Geometric Design:
Typical desirable and minimum standards for internal access roads for both light and
commercial vehicle usage are given in Table 18. It should however be borne in mind that
the dimensional requirements may vary according to the actual size of commercial vehicle
requiring access.
Table 18: Typical Design Standards For Internal Access Roads
Light Vehicle Commercial Vehicle

Dimensions in metres
Max. Min. Max. Min.
Carriageway Width – 1 way 4.5 3.0 5.5 4.5
Carriageway Width – 2 way 6.0 4.5 7.0 6.0
Centre Line Radius 30.0 10.0 60.0 30.0
Kerb Radius at Junctions 6.0 4.0 15.0 10.0
Roadside Parking bay Width 2.5 3.5

Roads are to be cambered or with cross fall at 1.5% and provided with adequate longitudinal
gradient to ensure dispersal of storm water into the proposed drainage system.
Care shall be taken in the design to avoid flat spots and consequent ponding of storm water.
Care shall be taken to ensure adequate visibility sightlines particularly where buildings are
located adjacent to junctions.
2. Pavement construction
The pavement is to be constructed to suit the future loading over the specified design life.
Where loadings are light, consideration should be given to designing a pavement of granular
material sealed with surface dressing (e.g. “spray and chip”, SPP stabilised and sand sealed
or slurry dressing).
Where roads will be trafficked by commercial vehicles, the anticipated traffic loading should
be predicted and the pavement designed in accordance with the procedure set out in the
latest issue of the “Oman Highway Design Manual”, as well as what is advised in both SP-
1279-R & S (Specification for Civil & Building Construction – ‘Roads & Paving’, and
‘Graded Roads, Rig Locations, Airstrips, Tank Pads & Bund Works).
3. Road Signs & Markings:
Road signs and markings should be minimised and yet give clear direction to drivers. Road
signs should be of minimum 600mm size and be in accordance with SP-1284 Specification
for Signs and Signboards – ‘Standard Signs Catalogue’.
Road markings should be either thermoplastic or road marking paint to suit the scale of
works. A mandatory warning sign is required below the danger warnings at all junctions of
the Grades/Tarmac transition to give more information about the dangerous situation.
2.14.3.2 External Access Roads
Where external access roads are required to serve a facility, the road must be designed to
suit the initial level of service and yet allow for future upgrading if required.
1. Geometric Design
Roads are to be designed to the geometric design standards set out in the latest issue of the
“Oman Highway Design Manual”, using an appropriate design speed.
Road surfaces are to be profiled to ensure rapid dispersal of storm water.
2. Pavement Construction
Figure 4 details standard pavement construction for PDO interior roads, which will allow
progressive development of the standard of road as required. These are further detailed in
SP-1279-S Specification for Civil & Building Works – Graded Roads, Rig Locations,
Airstrips, Tank Pads & Bund Works’. Roads, which are to be adopted by the Ministry of
Communications, are to be constructed with asphaltic concrete overlying granular pavement
layers. The pavement is to be designed in accordance with the latest issue of the “Oman
Highway Design Manual”.
Currently tests are being performed using road material stabilisers. Their performance in
these tests might well promote the use of road stabilisers in the construction of both graded

and paved roads. The road designer shall therefore investigate the status of these tests, and
hence assess their suitability in the design of all roads.
Successful road base stabilisation, say with SPP (Sulphonated Petroleum Product), could
result in CBR of greater than 120, which will in turn allow cheaper road surface dressings to
be used, such as Sand Seal and Slurry. However, the latter road seal thickness is only in the
order of 6 to 8 mm, and therefore road surface finish tolerance (and therefore the road’s
“riding comfort”) is likely to be poor.
3. Road Signs and Markings:
Road signs and markings should be provided to suit the scale of the road and shall be in
accordance with the latest issue of SP-1284 Specification for Signs and Signboards –
Standard Signs Catalogue and the “Oman Highway Design Manual”. A mandatory warning
sign is required below the danger warnings at all junctions of the Grades/Tarmac transition
to give more information about the dangerous situation.
2.14.4 Car Parks
Car parks should be provided on-site to cater for employees, operational needs and visitors
typical car park spacing requirements are given in Table 19. Car parks shall be designed so
as to discourage parking in the aisles and access routes. Where parking is designed for
commercial vehicles, the standards to be applied are to suit the particular usage.
2.14.4.1 Standard Parking Layout
Car parking facilities shall be generally designed to the layout standards shown in Figure 5.
Parking bays are based on a 3 m x 6 m module. Where available space permits, parking
areas should be designed for 900angle parking.
Car parks shall be profiled to ensure dispersal of storm water to the proposed drainage
system.
2.14.4.2 Car Parks Construction
Car parks be surfaced with 80 mm thick interlocking block paving, asphaltic concrete or
surface dressing as appropriate to the scale of construction and required aesthetics.
Pavement construction is to be designed to cater for the relevant loading over the design
period.
Where the construction is in interlocking block work, use should be made of different
colours to clearly distinguish between vehicle routes and parking areas. In general vehicles
routes are to be paved with grey blocks and parking areas with charcoal grey blocks.
Landscaping and street furniture should be set back from kerb lines to allow overhang of
vehicles.
2.14.4.3 Road Signs & Markings
Road signs and markings should be minimised and yet give clear direction to drivers.
Where interlocking block work construction is proposed, use should be made of coloured
blocks for markings and bay divisions. Road signs should be of minimum 600 mm size and
in accordance with the latest issue of SP-1284 Specification for Signs & Signboards –
‘Standard Signs Catalogue’.

Figure 4: Standard Pavement Construction for Interior Roads
(Contd.)

Figure 4: Standard Pavement Construction for Interior Roads (contd.)
(Contd.)

(Contd.)


Table 19: Typical Car-parking provision
Parking Spaces
Facility Type
On Site Off Site
Residential Facility Housing
500 – 900 m2 2 1
200 – 400 m2 1 1
Flats/ Town Houses 1 0.5
Education Kindergarten 14 12
Elementary 16 – 38 24 – 96
Preparatory 23 – 54 22 – 86
Secondary 200 - 375 38 – 77
Health Care Hospital (40 bed) 44 0
Clinic (18 bed) 20 0
Social and Cultural Social Centres 20 30
Offices All Centres 1/50 m2 (1) 1/50 m2 (1)
Retail Camp Shops 1/30 m2 (1)
Other Centres 1/30 m2 (1)
Transport Services Bus Station 0 20
Bus Terminus 0 40
Bus Garage 50 0

Figure 5: Standard Parking Layouts
(Contd.)

Figure 5: Standard Parking Layouts (contd.)

2.14.5 Materials Storage Yards
Material storage yards should be designed to suit the particular material to be stored.
Where applicable, the following are to be included:
- Storage areas for perishable goods and non-perishable goods.
- Lay down areas for perishable goods and non-perishable goods.
- Shake out and sorting out areas.
- Surplus material store.
- Area for scrap material.
- Dedicated facilities for receipt and despatch.
Particular attention must be made for access and manoeuvre of forklifts and delivery
vehicles.
2.14.6 Footpaths
Footpaths are to be provided, where required, to clearly define pedestrian routes. Analysis
is to be carried out of the desirable walkway routes, bearing in mind that pedestrians tend to
try to minimise the distance walked.
2.14.6.1 Footpath Dimensions
Footpaths are to generally 2 m wide. This may be reduced to 1.5 m minimum where layouts
and volume of pedestrian traffic permits.
2.14.6.2 Footpath Construction
Footpath are generally to be surfaced with 60 mm coloured interlocking block work or pre
cast concrete slabs overlying sand laying course and granular base material. Footpaths are
to be bound by kerbs.
2.14.7 Well Location and Flow/Bulk Line Layout
In principle, all costs associated with access to wells and routing of flow lines to the
Gathering Station, shall be kept to a minimum. The simplified sketch, shown below (Figure
6), shows how the above may be achieved. Here, the access field roads enter the field from
one side, whilst the services to the wells, as well as the flow lines and/or bulk lines,
enter/exit from the other side of the field. By doing so, the number of road crossing is kept
to a minimum (in this example only one road crossing is required), allowing all power
cables to be routed under roads.

Figure 6: Concept Layout Of Wells, Drilling Locations Flow/Bulk Lines Using Min. Road Crossing

2.14.7.1 Piping Corridors
Design of piping corridors shall take account of:-
- Manifolds flow lines into bulk lines, located off-centre.
- Potential use of multi port selector valves,
- Expansion loops and pipe support loads/overturning effects,
- Future possibility of infill wells, and therefore access to them,
- Access to wells, to services, to flow lines and bulk lines,
- Power/signal distribution, located off-centre.
- Well platform location and orientation, and rig access.
2.15 Building Services Design Requirements
Building services design criteria shall be established in consultation with the Company.
Designs shall be fit for purpose and requirements for economy, reliability, maintainability,
flexibility and life expectancy shall be agreed with the company.
The requirements here described shall apply to the following Sections of this documents.
2.16: Air Conditioning & Ventilation
2.17: Plumbing
2.18: Sewage Treatment
2.19: Electrical
One set of the final approved design calculation shall be submitted to the Company for the
record purpose.
2.15.1 Manufacturers & Vendors
Material and equipment shall be selected from the latest PGSC (Product Group Service
Codes) list. .As stipulated, Type A materials, shall be identified by duty and specification
only, not by the manufacturer. In the selection of materials and equipment, building services
designs shall show a preference for the use of local, and GCC, manufacturers.
2.15.2 Specification & Drawings
Building services designs should take the following form.
- Company Standard Specifications
- Project Particular Specification
- Equipment Schedules
- System Schematics & Isometrics
- Control Logic & Line Diagrams

- Electrical Line Diagrams
- Wiring Diagrams
- External Layout Drawings, Scale 1:200 or 1:100
- Internal Layout Drawings, Scale 1:50
- Equipment Area Drawings, Scale 1:20
- Details drawings, Scale 1:10
- The maximum drawing size shall be A1.
2.15.3 As Built Drawings
Building services design should normally include updating the drawings to “As Built”.
2.15.4 External Services
External services include the services of water, electricity, sewerage, telecommunications,

fire alarm, fire protection and irrigation. Chilled water service may also be included.
External service design should include the allocation of rights of way.
Wherever possible services should be routed in common services trenches located in

unpaved areas.
Minimum dimensions for depths of cover and for separation between services are shown on
company Standard Drawings STD-2-1404.
2.16 Air-Conditioning & Ventilation
The Building Services design shall include, but not be limited to, overall scheme design,
sizing of equipment and pipe work and coordination with other service.
Loads should be calculated using ASHRAE, Carrier or CIBSE methods.
District chilled water service installations should comprise buried mains served from a
chiller compound suitably located to reduce the environmental impact, particularly noise, on
adjacent buildings. The chiller compound pump room may be combined with an electrical
substation in one building. Allowance should be made for future expansion of district
chilled water schemes, and this should be done with minimal costs. For schemes with a high
probability of future expansion, ring main chilled water distribution be provided, with
secondary chilled water pumps at each building. For other schemes, radial distribution may
be appropriate. In any case, the logistic and limits of future expansion should be established
and agreed with the Company.
The interface with the electrical design shall be established with the Company as described
in section 2.19.
The Air-Conditioning & Ventilation system, materials and Equipments shall comply with
the SP-1285-B Specification for Civil & Buildings Utility Services – ‘Air Conditioning
Works’.

2.16.1 Design Criteria for Air Conditioning & Ventilation Works
2.16.1.1 Outdoor Conditions
Design outdoor conditions should be based on relevant meteorological data for each project
area and shall be subject to Company approval. In the absence of definitive data, the figures
given in Table 20 should be used.
Table 20: Outdoor Air conditioning Design Criteria.
Location Summer Winter
Coastal Oman 44/33 0C DB/WB 18/15 0C DB/WB
North Oman 50/30 0C DB/WB 13/11 0C DB/WB
South Oman 47/32 0C DB/WB 12/10 0C DB/WB
2.16.1.2 Indoor Conditions
Appendix K includes the following criteria relating to the majority of company facilities.
- Room temperature
- Room humidity
- Minimum fresh air
- Minimum air change
- Maximum noise rating
Where criteria are not listed in Appendix K, design indoor conditions should be based on the
CIBSE Guide, Section A1, Environmental Criteria for Design, and shall be subject to
Company approval.
Normally, humidity control should not be necessary. However, the critical psychometrics of
each design should be checked to ensure that reasonable comfort conditions are always
achieved.
2.16.1.3 Equipment Overcapacity
With diversity and standby requirements taken into account, air-conditioning equipment
should be sized to have a minimum overcapacity of 15%.
2.16.2 Chilled Water
2.16.2.1 Chiller compounds & Equipment
Water chillers shall be outdoor, package units located within a secure enclosure. An access
gate shall be provided for each chiller and external lighting shall be provided for
maintenance purposes.

An air-conditioned pump room should be provided to house the following equipment.
- Primary chilled water pumps
- Motor control panel
- Pressurisation unit
- Water treatment unit
- Lighting and small power distribution board
Pipe work and cables between chillers and pump room should be directly buried.
2.16.2.2 Controls
In the selection of water chillers, proper account shall be taken of low load operation. In
any case, chillers should be capable of running at 25% full load or less.
One primary pump should be provided to run with each chiller, with one additional pump as
standby. Selector control should be provided for both chillers and pumps so that any pump
may be selected to run with any chiller. The lead pump should also act as jockey pump in
the event that no chiller is required to run.
2.16.2.3 Pipe work
Pipe work should be set out to facilitate draining down at low points and automatic venting
at high points. Provisions shall be made to allow the flushing of the complete chilled water
circuit.
Water treatment shall include a pre-commissioning descaler, anticorrosion dosing and an

algae inhibitor.
Chilled water systems should normally be pressurised to 1 bar(g).
2.16.3 Specialist Areas
2.16.3.1 Battery rooms
The design of battery room ventilation system shall fully comply with the requirements of
DIN 57510/VDE 0510.
Battery systems considered here are as follows.
Nickel Cadmium Trickle charge 1.4 – 1.45 volts/cell
Boost charge 1.6 – 1.65 volts/cell
Lead Acid Trickle charge 2.23 volts/cell
Boost charge 2.4 volts/cell
All cells in which the electrolyte is in aqueous solution give off hydrogen and oxygen during
charging, the major gassing occurring towards the end of the charging or during boost
charging. Typical boost charging cycles are for 8 hours every 6 months. An explosive
mixture is formed when the hydrogen concentration, by volume, in air exceeds 3.8%.

A safe dilution (20% of the above) will be maintained using the following formula.
Q = 0.055 x N x I
Where,
Q = Airflow in m3/h
N = Number of battery cells. (Number of blocks x cells/block)
I = Charging current at the end of the boost charge, in amps
(For design purposes, 25% rated charger current in amps)
Battery rooms should be airconditioned to maintain an average room temperature of 10 –

300C, to give best battery performance and service life, and to limit electrolyte temperature
rises during charging.
Inlet air should be introduced at low level, from the building airconditioning system, and
mechanically exhausted to atmosphere at as high a level as possible, to avoid air pockets.
When ventilation is provided as described above, then the battery room shall be classified as
non-hazardous. However, due to possible local concentrations of gas, the exhaust fan
should be suitable for a Zone 2 installation and resistant to the electrolyte.
2.16.3.2 Electrical Substations & Switch Houses
Substations and switch houses should normally be designed as completely closed structures,
with dust tight construction and cable passages.
The air conditioning design shall include two or more separate installations, which shall be
individually electrically supplied and controlled.
The indoor design criteria shall be such that:
During normal operation, the maximum indoor temperature shall not rise above 350C DB.
In the case of breakdown or maintenance to one of the installations, the maximum indoor
temperature shall not rise above 400C DB.
The maximum supply air relative humidity shall not exceed 90%.
2.16.3.3 Gas Bottle Stores
Spare and empty gas bottles shall be separated and stored in an upright-chained position and
housed in a purpose built, well ventilated, shaded and secured enclosure located at least 20
m from combustible materials. Possible air pockets at high level shall be avoided.
Requirements are normally satisfied by the provisions of a cage of tubular frame, chain link
fencing and roof sheeting with an internal separation.
Electrical installations in gas bottle stores shall be suitable for Zone 2.

2.16.3.4 Kitchens
The guidelines given below address commercial catering installations, criteria for domestic
kitchens are given in Appendix K.
Often it is not possible to achieve comfort conditions in kitchen cooking areas at all times
because of the extremely high expenditure involved. In such cases, it should be sufficient to
maintain acceptable working conditions.
Generally air should be extracted from cooking and subsidiary areas through double-skin
hoods located over the main cooking and dishwashing equipment. Hoods should be sized to
overlap equipment by 100 mm, to have a minimum face velocity of 0.3 m/s and to have a
minimum clearance of 1900 mm above finished floor level. The hood volume should suit
the equipment covered. 80 – 85% of the replacement air should be provided, as filtered
outside air, at the internal perimeter of the hood. If this part of the replacement air is
supplied outside the hood, it should be 100% outside air-cooled to plenum conditions, say
250C. Ducted, re-circulating systems should not be used because of greasing problems. The
remainder of the replacement air should be drawn from adjacent areas so that a negative
kitchen pressure is maintained to contain odours.
Extract ductwork shall be designed for ease of cleaning, with flanged joints and man-size
access doors, and shall be constructed of galvanised sheet steel, minimum thickness, 1.0
mm. Air velocities should be a minimum of 9 m/s. Extract fans should be treated for
moisture and heat, and attenuators should be avoided.
Comfort air conditioning should be provided by high level fan coil units.
The requirements for fire detection and protection in kitchens are included in SP-1075
Specification for Fire & Explosion Risk Management.
2.16.3.5 Laboratories
Laboratory air conditioning design shall be based on the specific requirements of the
laboratory work. However, the following guidelines should apply.
Laboratory working and solvent storage areas should be provided with an 100% outside air
system, and should be under positive pressure to reduce dust ingress. In interior Oman,
heating should be included for winter morning start up. Ancillary areas, such as offices,
should be provided with separate, re-circulating systems such as fan coil units. Mechanical
exhaust should be provided for chemical and material storage areas, typically at a rate of 6 –
15 air changes an hour, depending on the items stored.
Fume cupboards for use with hydrocarbons should have an acid resistant 18/12 stainless
steel internal fume chamber with integral bench top. The minimum air velocity over a 400
mm deep sash opening should be 0.75 m/s.
Fume cupboards for general use should have 1 mm thick high-pressure plastic laminate on
the sides and solid epoxy resin bench tops. The minimum air velocity over a 400 mm deep
sash opening should be 0.5 m/s.
All fume cupboards should be provided with airfoil sash opening profiles and high-level by-
pass grilles to ensure constant volume airstreams.
Fume cupboard exhaust ductwork shall be constructed of HDPE and shall not contain fire
dampers.
The internal fume chamber, exhaust ducting and exhaust fan shall be classified as Zone 1
hazard. The internal light fittings therefore shall be separated from the fume chamber by an
airtight glass plate. Solvent and gas bottle stores shall be classified Zone 2.

2.16.3.6 Temporary Buildings
Air conditioning design parameters for temporary buildings, such as transportable units,
should be similar to those for permanent buildings. However, due to inferior thermal
storage characteristics, electric heating may be required.
2.16.4 Condensate Drains
Condensate drains from indoor terminal units should discharge to wash hand basins, or
sinks, before the trap to ensure that the connection to the drainage system is always sealed.
While drains may discharge into planter areas, the use of soakaways should be avoided.
2.16.5 Refrigerant Pipe work
Pipe work shall not be directly buried, nor chased in floors or walls, but shall be enclosed in
preformed ducts or voids.
2.16.6 Automatic Shutdown
Activation of a fire alarm shall cause the shutdown of air conditioning system, unless
continued operation of the system does not cause spread of smoke to outside the area where
the fire has been detected.
2.16.7 Legionnaires Disease
Where installations include evaporate water-cooling, the guidelines of CIBSE TM 13,

minimising the Risk of Legionnaires Disease, shall be followed.
Particular attention is drawn to the optimum temperature for multiplication of bacteria and to
the design, operation and maintenance of evaporative water-cooling systems.
2.17 Plumbing
Plumbing installation design includes the following services:
- Potable water,
- Domestic hot and cold water,
- Drainage,
- Liquid petroleum gas,
- Laboratory piped services,
- Fire fighting water,
- Swimming pools,
- Irrigation.
Plumbing installation, materials and equipment shall comply with the following
specifications:
SP-1285-C Specification for Civil & Buildings Utility Services - ‘Plumbing Works’
SP-1285-D Specification for Civil & Buildings Utility Services – ‘Fire Protection Works’
SP-1280 Specification for Swimming Pools - ‘Design & Construction Guidelines’

2.17.1 Potable Water
Normally, the primary source of potable water will be provided by the Company, which will
be by outside the scope of the Building Services Project.
The demand, size, location and interface for the potable water main connection(s) should be
established with the Company at preliminary design stage.
Connection to existing potable water mains shall require prior Company approval. The
valve and meter may be supplied and installed, and the service connection made, by the
Company.
The following Company Standard Drawings relate to water supply systems.
STD-2-1401: Typical Potable Water Details
2.17.1.1 Water Demand
Demand will vary with time, location and population. Average and peak consumption
figures should be subject to individual analysis for each system.
However, in the absence of definitive data, the figures in Table 21 should be used for
average demands:
Table 21: Typical Water Demands
Area Water Demand
Coast
Residential 400 litre / day / person
Offices 180 litre / day / person
Industrial As advised by the Company
Interior
Industrial As advised by the Company
Similarly, peak demands may be taken as 5 times of the average.
2.17.1.2 Isolating Valves, Air Valves, Washouts
Isolating valves shall be located at:
- Major intersections,
- Branches off ring mains,
- Regular intervals on distribution mains shall be 400 m maximum spacing.

Valve chambers should be located in areas with easy access but not subject to heavy traffic.
Pipelines shall have facilities for venting air, flushing and cleaning. In secondary
distribution networks, air may be vented through building connections. In pipelines of 300
mm dia or greater, air valves and washouts should be provided at high and low points
respectively.
2.17.1.3 Water Meters
Water meters shall be provided for each large user, down to and including all Senior Staff
accommodation (married and bachelor), and on the main transmission line for each
distribution network.
Meters should be fitted above ground at building entries, or in valve chambers below
ground.
2.17.1.4 Storage
The capacity and location of main storage tanks should be agreed with the Company. In
general, not less than 24 hours storage should be provided in any distribution system, but
this will depend on the source and location of the water supply.
Main water tanks should be provided with visual level indicators, access ladders, access
manholes, (with adequate provision for safety and lighting) etc. Inlet and overflows should
be close to access points for maintenance purposes.
2.17.1.5 Pumping
Pump sets should be designed to meet forecast peak demands. Constant pressure systems,
with run and standby facility, are preferred.
2.17.1.6 Sterilisation
Potable water systems shall be completely flushed out and sterilised, to the approval of the
Company, before being put into service.
Details of the sterilisation process are given in SP-1285-C Specification for Civil &
Buildings Utility Services – Plumbing Works.
2.17.2 Domestic Hot & Cold Water
Design of HWS/CWS systems shall comply with the requirements of BS 6700:

Specification for Design, Installation, Testing & Maintenance of Services Supplying Water
for Domestic Use within Buildings & their Cartilages.
2.17.2.1 Water Consumption
While published data may be used as guidelines, estimated consumption of water should be
based on specific use as well as numbers of consumers and fittings. For example, for Staff
Accommodation Blocks in the Interior, peak demand for HWS is for showers at the end of
shifts.

Water heater sizes should therefore be based on the following.
Shower demand : say 0.1 l/s/shower
Shower duration : say 180 sec
Number of showers
Diversity : say 75%
Section 2.17.1.1 gives typical per capita water demands for different applications.
2.17.2.2 Water Systems
Systems should be designed for supply directly from the potable water main unless there is a
specific requirement for storage. In any case, drinking water draw offs shall be taken
directly from the main.
HWS/CWS systems shall be vented at all high points and provision for drain-down shall be
provided at all low points.
Treated effluent water may be used to flush toilet in order to conserve water. In such
situation, a separate close system shall be designed to tap from nearest irrigation source.
Refer also 2.17.8.
2.17.2.3 Isolation
The incoming main shall be provided with a stop valve and a drain cock, preferably located
immediately inside the building. The stop valve may be located in a valve chamber adjacent
to the building.
Connections to sanitary ware, or equipment, should be provided with a means of isolation.

However, in some applications, and subject to Company approval, it may be sufficient to
isolate in sections rather than individually.
2.17.2.4 Insulation
HWS/CWS pipe work exposed to ambient conditions, concealed in ducts and in false ceiling
voids, and in equipment rooms shall be insulated.
Pipe work buried in wall and floor chases shall be protected.
Surface mounted connections to equipment and fittings shall not be insulated but should be
painted.
2.17.2.5 Sterilisation
HWS/CWS systems shall be completely flushed out and sterilised, to the approval of the
Company, before being put into service (see section 2.17.1.6).
2.17.2.6 Flush Control Valves
All urinal cisterns, and other automatically flushed devices, shall be fitted with a flush
control valve to limit the waste of water.
Control should be by provision of push button flush pipe valves or may be by cistern cold
feed control valves.

2.17.2.7 Water Closet spray Assemblies
Spray assemblies shall be provided for all AWC’s, and for EWCs in public toilets, located
on the right hand side of the pan.
2.17.2.8 Emergency Showers
Emergency showers shall be capable of delivering water at a minimum rate of 80 1/min at a

pressure of 0.3 bar(g).
Water to showers should be taken, by a dedicated gravity feed, from a cold water storage
tank. However, if insufficient head is available or the water temperature may exceed 35 0C,
then a connection should be taken directly off the incoming main, immediately after the
main stop valve.
2.17.2.9 Emergency Eye Wash Stations
Eye wash stations shall be self-contained units, mounted on wall brackets, located within 10
sec or 30 m of the hazard and such that the water temperature shall not exceed 40 0C.
Units shall flush both eyes simultaneously and deliver not less than 1.5 1/min.
2.17.2.10 Hot Water Service Dead legs
HWS deadlegs shall not exceed the lengths listed in Table 22. When dead legs do exceed
these length secondary HWS pumps shall be installed.
Table 22: Maximum HWS Dead legs
Pipe Size Max Length
15 mm 12 m
22 mm 8m
28 mm 3m
2.17.3 Drainage
Design of above ground drainage systems shall comply with the requirements of BS EN
12056 ‘Gravity Drainage Systems inside buildings’
2.17.4 Sewerage
This section covers domestic sewage systems that discharge into treatment plants. Sewage
treatment is addressed in section 2.18 of this specification.
Systems handling industrial, non-biodegradable, waste shall be designed in consultation

with the Company.
Storm water drainage shall not discharge into sewage systems.
Systems should be designed in accordance with BS EN 752 Drain & Sewer Systems Outside
buildings and the following Company Standard Drawing STD-2-1030 Typical Manhole
Details.

2.17.4.1 Flow Rates
Rates of sewage flow vary with time, location and population. Average and peak flow rates
should be subject to individual analysis for each system. However, in the absence of
definitive data, the figures in Table 23 should be used for average dry weather flows
(DWF):
Table 23: Typical Sewage Flow Rates
Area Water Demand
Coast
Interior
Similarly, in the absence of definitive data, peak flows may be taken as 3 times DWF.
2.17.4.2 Minimum Pipe Diameters
Below slab on grade, short runs : 50 mm
Below slab on grade, main runs : 110 mm
Building connections : 110 mm
Between manholes : 60 mm
2.17.4.3 Location of Manholes
Manholes shall be provided at all changes of direction and at all junctions. For straight runs
of pipe work, the maximum distance between manholes shall be 45 m.
2.17.4.4 Interceptors
Grease traps shall be provided at connections from catering installations and should be
located indoors. The use of enzyme dosing shall be considered during design.
Petrol/oil interceptors shall be provided at connections from vehicle workshop and fuel
stations.
2.17.4.5 Pipe work Under Buildings
The placing of drainage pipe work under buildings shall be avoided wherever possible.
Where unavoidable, pipes shall be laid in straight lines at one gradient. Access shall be
provided to all parts of the drain and flexible joints used at entry and exit to/from the
building.

2.17.4.6 Structural Penetrations
Pipework passing through retaining walls, footings, ground beams etc., shall be sleeved,
with the same material, and packed with polystyrene or similar. Flexible joints shall be
provided at exits from buildings.
2.17.4.7 Connection to Existing Sewers
Connection to existing sewerage systems shall require prior company approval.
2.17.4.8 Sewage Pumping Stations
Pumping of sewage should be avoided where possible since, in addition to the extra cost, it
also forms the weakest link in the operation of a sewage system.
While the sewage pumping station design must take account of peak flows, the emphasis on
sizing pumps and the sump together with the levels of the flow switches should be on
keeping the sewage flowing so that potential problems of septicity in the sump and hydraulic
shock at the treatment plant are avoided. A typical flow rate would be 4 times DWF.
2.17.5 Liquid Petroleum Gas
Design of LPG systems should follow the recommendations of the following BS Standards:
- BS 5482: Code of Practice for Domestic Butane and Propane Gas Burning
Installations &
- BS EN ISO 10239 Small Craft Liquefied Petroleum Gas systems.
2.17.5.1 Gas Cylinder Stores
Refer section.2.16.3.3.
2.17.5.2 Regulators
For catering installations, primary regulators should be provided at bottle manifold

discharge to give a gas pressure of approximately 350 mb with all appliances operating at
maximum demand.
Secondary regulators should normally be supplied with each appliance, be fitted after the
appliance isolating valve, be adjustable, and be capable of reducing the gas pressure from
approximately 345 mb to the appliance operating pressure at maximum demand.
2.17.5.3 Emergency Shutdown
For catering and industrial systems, an emergency shut-off fire valve, normally of the
deadweight type, shall be provided in the main supply, upstream of the high-pressure
regulator(s). The valve should be operated manually, from exits, and automatically by the
fire detection system.
Cable or electrically activated systems may be used. Electrically operated actuators shall be
suitable for hazard Zone 1.
The following are accepted temperature ratings for deadweight gas valve fusible links.
Inside hoods : 185 0C

Elsewhere : 160 0C

2.17.5.4 Domestic Installations
Domestic LPG installations shall be carried out strictly in accordance with Company
Standard Drawing PDO-STD-2-1403.
2.17.6 Laboratory Piped Services
Design of laboratory service should follow the BS 3202: Laboratory furniture & Fittings.
2.17.6.1 Pipe work
All main distribution pipe work supplying laboratories should be exposed, wall or ceiling
mounted. Branches to fume cupboards, hoods and benches shall be provided with stop
valves within easy reach. Individual ranges of pipe work may be concealed in service ducts,
but should be separated from electrical services. Flammable gas pipe work shall be
accessible over the full length.
Exposed laboratory fittings should be chrome plate or plastic coat finish.
2.17.6.2 Hot and Cold Water
Refer section 2.17.2 of this specification.
2.17.6.3 Distilled Water
In small laboratories, distilled water should be provided in bottles. In large laboratories, a

piped system, with an outlet in each laboratory room, may be appropriate.
The use of demineralised water from plant utilities may also be appropriate, in which case
an ion exchange unit may be required.
2.17.6.4 Compressed Air
Dry and oil free compressed air shall be supplied from a compressor located in separate
equipment room of the laboratory. The compressor should be rated against 7 bar(g) and the
system should include a refrigerated air dryer, a pressure relief valve, regulators, filters and
pressure gauges.
Distribution should be by ring main, laid to fall with drain points.
2.17.6.5 Vacuum
The vacuum pump shall be located as directed by the Laboratory custodian. Unless directed
otherwise, the pump should be rated at 1.9 kPa(a). A buffer vessel and/or liquid catcher
shall be provided between pump and suction point.
2.17.6.6 Special Gases
Typical special gases to laboratory areas are listed in Table 24, which includes hazard
categories and typical off-take pressures.
Butane and Propane and system guidelines are given in section 2.17.5.
Gas cylinders shall be stored in a purpose-built compound, located in an area free from fire
risk and away from sources of heat or ignition, which shall be well ventilated, preferably by
natural means, and protected from direct sunlight and rain by a sloped canopy without air
pockets. Full and empty cylinders shall be stored separately. Inert, flammable and oxidising
gas cylinders shall be segregated.

Oxidising gas cylinders shall be separated from flammable gas cylinders by a minimum
distance of 7 m or by a 1 hr fire barrier. Gas cylinders shall be stored in special racks.
Table 24: Special Gases
Gas Category Pressure
Acetylene Flammable 1.5 bar max
Butane Flammable 0.025 bar
Carbon dioxide Inert 3 bar
Helium Inert 3 bar
Hydrogen Oxidising 3 bar
LP Nitrogen Inert 3 bar
HP Nitrogen Inert 67 bar
Nitrous Oxide Oxidising 3 bar
Propane Flammable 0.025 bar
Oxygen Oxidising 3 bar
A manifold set shall be provided complete with isolating valves, regulators and safety valves
which shall discharge to open air. Changeover should be manual with an electrically
operated alarm cabinet to give remote warning of cylinder exhaustion.
Electrical supply emergency shut down (ESD) switches shall be provided at each laboratory
room exit. ESD shall be provided for flammable gasses, activated either by gas ESD
switches and/or by the fire alarms.
Piping for flammable and for toxic gases shall include excess flow check valves.
Acetylene, hydrogen and oxygen piping shall include a flashback arrestor. Acetylene piping
shall be so positioned or protected so as not to be exposed to any source of heat.
Hydrogen piping shall include flow-limiting devices, and switch off devices functioning
when higher-pressure drops occur.
2.17.7 Fire Fighting Water
Company fire fighting design parameters are set out in SP-1075 Specification for ‘Fire &
Explosion Risk Management’. Brackish water should normally be considered too corrosive
for use as fire fighting water in buildings.
The Company standards for fresh water system materials and equipment shall comply with
the following: SP-1285-D Specification for Civil & Buildings Utility Services – ‘Fire
Protection Works’ and the Company Standard Drawing STD-2-1402: Typical Fire Water
Details.

2.17.7.1 Hose reels
Hose reels installations should be designed so that the whole of each floor area is protected,
and no part of the area protected is more than 6 m from a hose nozzle, hose extended. Water
supply should cater for a minimum of 3 hose reels operating at any time, with a total flow
rate of 2.3 1/s, at a working pressure of 2.1 bars (g) at the furthest reel.
The firewater installation should be an extension of the firewater mains. Where firewater
mains are not available, connection may be made to the domestic water supply. In such
cases, the connection shall be made before the incoming water main valve and be dedicated
to the hose reel installations, and fitted with an isolation valve a lockable devise. In
installations where the incoming main pipe work is UPVC, the service pipe work is copper,
and the hose reel pipe work is GI, then the GI branch shall be from the UPVC before the
change to copper.
Office areas hose reels should be automatic, swinging, recess type with 25m of 19mm hose.
Industrial area hose reels should be automatic, swing open, wall type with 30m of 25mm
hose.
2.17.7.2 Hydrants
Hydrants should be located in strategic positions around Company buildings, generally at 80

m spacing in industrial areas and 100 m spacing in residential areas, and should be installed
a minimum of 15 m from any building, preferably in soft earth or paved areas rather than
roadways.
Hydrants should be sized to give 8.3 l/s at 6bar(g) from a 19 mm nozzle.
2.17.7.3 Fire Storage Tanks
Tanks shall store water for both hydrant and hosereel supply, and should be sized to hold
sufficent water to supply 3 fire fighting jets, 19 mm nozzles, at 8.3 l/s for 45 minutes, i.e.
67.5m3 minimum. Tanks used for combined storage shall have a dedicated firewater outlet,
and a dedicated and secure firewater storage volume.
Below ground storage, such as swimming pools, with suction hose hydrants may be
appropriate.
2.17.7.4 Fire Pumps
Package fire pump sets shall be sized to supply 41.5 l/s with a minimum 4 bar(g) pressure at
the farthest hydrant.
2.17.8 Irrigation
Treated effluent (TE) from sewage treatment plants should be used for the irrigation of
Company community area soft landscaping.
TE irrigation applications shall comply with the requirements of the Ministry of Regional
Municipalities and Environment.
For some applications, it may be necessary or desirable to use potable water (PW). It is
therefore necessary to check directly with MRME Engineers on all such issues. In addition,
irrigation for Company residences should be taken off the dwelling PW supply, after the
water meter. In either case, the irrigation system demand should match the quality and
quantity of water available. The irrigation system shall comply with SP-1285-C
Specification for Civil & Buildings Utility Services – Plumbing Works & the following
Company Standard Drawings STD-2-1400: Typical Irrigation Details & STD-2-1401:
Typical Potable Water Details.

2.17.8.1 Demand
Irrigation water demands should be determined for individual schemes taking account
evaporation rates, soil conditions, salinity and consequent leaching requirements and the
method of irrigation.
Table 25 sets out typical figures for the maximum water required for mature planting in the
summer based on automatic or semi-automatic drip irrigation systems. Demands would
increase markedly if non-automatic irrigation were employed during daylight hours when
evaporation rates are very high. The figures given do not include for leaching.
Further details of planting requirements are given in SP-1279-Q Specification for Civil &
Building Construction – ‘Landscaping Works’.
Table 25: Typical Irrigation Water Demands
Plant Type Irrigation demand
Large trees (25 m2 canopy) 80 litre/tree/day
Small trees (10 m2 canopy) 40 litre/tree/day
Shrubs 16 litre/shrub/day
Hedges 12 litre/m/day
Ground cover 16 litre/m2/day
Grass 10 litre/m2/day
2.17.8.2 System Components
Typically, an irrigation system comprises the following components.
System Components
1. Head works : Irrigation water storage
Distribution pumps
Filters
Control panel
2. Primary Distribution : Ring mains
Washouts
Sub mains
Pressure regulators
Isolating valves
(Contd.)

System Components (Contd.)
3. Secondary Distribution : Sub mains
Zone control, valves
Laterals
Spray sprinklers
Drip feed emitters
2.17.8.3 Storage
TE should be held in storage tanks similar to what is described in section 2.17.1.4. For large
TE irrigation systems, it may be preferable to provide more than one tank, strategically
located. Tanks should be sized to hold two days demand.
Storage tanks for TE shall be identifiable as not containing drinking water. Signage should
be in Arabic and English and the tanks should be painted green (even if they are constructed
of concrete).
2.17.8.4 Pumping & Filtration
Systems should be designed to operate 8 h a day in two equal periods, morning and evening.
A run and a standby pump and pressure vessel should be provided together with a stainless
steel core filter with a fine-hole element.
Pump power and auto-changeover control should normally be incorporated in a main Motor
Control Panel such as that provided for a sewage treatment plant. Pump auto-start should be
initiated by a relay in the Irrigation Control Panel described in section 2.17.8.5.
2.17.8.5 Control Systems
External irrigation control systems should comprise electro-mechanical zoned control panels
and zone solenoid valves. Controls for local small irrigation systems, such as those in
Company residences, may comprise similar solenoid valves controlled by a local timer.
Drip systems generally operate best under pressure of 1 to 3 bars. Pressure regulators,
before the zone solenoid valves, may be required to maintain these limits.
2.17.8.6 Pipe work Identification
TE irrigation water pipe work shall be pigmented green to distinguish from PW.
2.17.8.7 Sprinklers
Since spray sprinklers normally require PW irrigation (refer section 2.17.8.), and incur
higher evaporation losses compared with drip emitters, their use should be avoided where
possible. However, sprinklers should be used for lawn irrigation since emitter systems often
leave blemishes.
2.17.8.8 Emitter Allocations
Table 26 sets out typical emitter allocations for different plants, designed to apply the
quantities of water given in Table 25.

Table 26: Typical Emitter Allocations
Plant type No of Emitters Size
Large trees (25 m2 canopy) 5 each 8 litres / hour
Small trees (10 m2 canopy) 5 each 4 litres / hour
Shrubs 2 each 4 litres / hour
Hedges 3 per m 2 litres / hour
Ground cover 2 per m2 4 litres / hour
2.17.9 Swimming Pools
For Swimming Pools refer SP-1280 Specification for Swimming Pools – ‘Design &
Construction Guidelines’.
2.18 Sewage Treatment
Installation shall comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and
Environment – MRME – which will normally require an Environmental Impact Statement.
The Company focal point for liason with the MRME is the Environmental Advisor,
Corporate HSE department.
This section primarily covers treatment of domestic, biodegradable, sewage. The treatment
and controlled disposal of industrial, non-biodegradable, waste shall be determined in
conjunction with the Company in each case. The preferred process shall be by sewage
treatment plant with all the treated effluent used for irrigation purposes. For temporary
facilities, facultative ponds may be provided. In remote locations, with population
equivalent up to 100, septic tanks with soakaways may be provided, subject to Company
approval. In specific cases, holding tanks and sludge gulpers may be appropriate. For very
low population equivalents, chemical toilets may be appropriate.
The following Company Standards Drawings relate to sewage treatment systems.
STD-2-1030: Typical Manhole Details
STD-2-1033: Septic Tanks
STD-2-1034: Soakaways
STD-2-4025: Hydrocarbon Disposal Pit

2.18.1 Location of STP
The location of sewage treatment plant should take the following factors into account.
- Adjacent accommodation (minimum separation of 100m)

- Prevailing wind direction
- Availability and cost of land
- Minimised pumping costs
- Future extension.
2.18.2 Pollution Load
Treatment plant throughout and peak flows should be determined as detailed in section
2.17.4.1.
In the absence of definitive data, a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 65 gm/capita/day

should be used.
2.18.3 Sewage Treatment Plant
Treatment should be by the activated sludge process with extended coarse bubble aeration,
chlorination and tertiary filtration, should be collected in a holding tank, and be used for
irrigation purposes. Water retaining structures of epoxy painted reinforced concrete, above
ground, should be preferred.
Control panels, pumps, filters and blowers should be housed in a naturally ventilated block
work with a telephone and external visual fault alarm.
An overflow pond should be provided for start-up, while process biology is being
established, and for maintenance purposes. Sludge should be collected in drying beds.
Potable water should be provided to a hand-wash trough and to a shower Hose bib taps,
which may supply treated effluent, should be provided at strategic locations for general
cleaning purposes. Treated effluent outlets shall be labelled “NOT DRINKING
WATER”, in Arabic and English.
Provision should be made for maintenance vehicle access and the whole of the sewage
treatment area should be secured within a Type of C fence. Photocell activated external
lighting should be provided around the main plant.
The sewage treatment plant should include, but not be limited to, the following components.
System Component
1. Inlet works: Will include a pumping station, which can be sized to

act as a raw sewage holding/balancing tank, to even
out the peak flow and prevent shock loading rake
screen.
2. Aeration tank: Sized for a minimum 24 h retention at DWH + 500

mm freeboard transfer float.
(Contd.)

System Component (Contd.)
3. Sedimentation tank: Sized for minimum 6 hr retention at DWF.
Hopper bottom for sludge collection,
Airlift pumps for sludge transfer and removal.
Scum baffle weir plate.
4. Chlorination chamber: Sized for minimum 1 hr retention at DWF.

Chlorination by “liquid“ chlorine injection or equal
and approved by the Company. Tablet dispenser not
recommended.
5. Access walkway: Flush with tank rim.
Around perimeter of combined treatment tanks
Across settling tank
Rigid handrail (extn), removable chain handrail (intrn)

caged access ladder
Walkway lighting
6. Tertiary filtration: Duty and standby pressure type multi-media filters
Duty and standby filter service pumps.
Dedicated backwash pump
Each sized for a minimum 2 x DWF
7. Controls: Common programmable logic control
Staggered motor start
Duty/standby auto –change
Auto-reset
Visual fault alarm
8. Flow measurement: On raw sewage at inlet and treated effluent water at

outlet.
9. Test kit: Dissolved oxygen
PH
Chlorine
Measuring cylinders
(Contd.)

System Component (Contd.)
9. Test kit (contd.) BOD5 should normally be measured at the Company facilities
10. Treated effluent Sized for a minimum 48 h retention at DWF

Storage tank:
The sewage treatment process and control philosophy should be agreed with the Company
during the preliminary design of each plant.
2.18.4 Treated Effluent Standard
Sewage treatment plant shall comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Regional
Municipalities and Environment Table 27 gives current requirements in mg.l or ppm (unless
otherwise stated). For definition of A and B, refer Table 28.
Table 27: Treated Effluent Standards – Maximum Quality Limits
Standards (See Table 28)

Parameter
A B
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand – 15.000 20.000

5d@200C
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150.000 200.000
Suspended Solids (SS) 15.000 30.000
Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 1500.000 2000.000
Electrical Conductivity (E C) (micro S./ cm) 2000.000 2700.000
Sodium Absoption Ration (SAR)* 10.000 10.000
pH (within range) 6-9.000 6-9.000
Aluminium (as Al) 5.000 5.000
Arsenic (as As) 0.100 0.100
Barium (as Ba) 1.000 2.000
Beryllium (as Be) 0.100 0.300
Boron (as B) 0.500 1.000
Cadmium (as Cd) 0.010 0.010
Chloride (as Cl) 650.000 650.000
Chromium (as Cr) 0.050 0.050
Cobalt (as Co) 0.050 0.050
Copper (as Cu) 0.500 1.000
(Contd.)

Table 27: Treated Effluent Standards – Maximum Quality Limits (contd.)
Standards (See Table 28)

Parameter
A B
Cyanide (total as CN) 0.050 0.100
Fluorine (as F) 1.000 2.000
Iron (total as Fe) 1.000 5.000
Lead (as Pb) 0.100 0.200
Lithium (as Li) 0.070 0.070
Magnesium 150.000 150.000
Manganese 0.100 0.500
Mercury 0.001 0.001
Molybdenum 0.010 0.050
Nickel 0.100 0.100
Nitrogen: Ammonical (as N) 5.000 10.000
Nitrogen: Nitrate (as NO3) 50.000 50.000
Nitrogen: Organic (Kjeldahl) (as N) 5.000 10.000
Oil and Grease (total extractable) 0.500 0.500
Phenols (total) 0.001 0.002
Phosphorus (total as P) 30.000 30.000
Selenium 0.020 0.002
Silver 0.010 0.010
Sodium 200.000 300.000
Sulphate 400.000 400.000
Sulphide 0.100 0.100
Vanadium 0.100 0.100
Zinc 5.000 5.000
Faecal Coliform Bacteria (per 100 mm). 200.000 1000.000
Viable Nematode Ova (per litre). <1.000 <1.000

Table 28, below, provides details of the re-use of wastewater from a sewage treatment plant.
Wastewater quality shall at all times be within the limits that are set out in Table 27.
Table 28: Treated Effluent Re-Use – Areas of application of Standards A and B

(see table 27)
Area A B
(For effluent standard refer Table 27)
Vegetables likely to be eaten raw. Vegetables to be cooked or

processed.
Crops
Fruit likely to be eaten raw and Fruit if no irrigation within 2
within 2 weeks of any irrigation weeks of cropping. Fodder,
cereal and seed crops.
Grass & Public parks, Hotel, Lawns Pastures.

Ornamental Areas Recreational Areas.
Areas with public access. Lakes Areas with no public access.

with public contact (except places
which may be used for praying and
hand washing).
Aquifer Recharge All controlled aquifer recharge.
Method of Spray or any other method of arial irrigation not permitted in areas
Irrigation with public access unless with timing control.
Any other Re-use Subject to the approval of the Ministry.

Applications
2.18.5 Facultative Ponds
Facultative Ponds shall require special permit from MRME and PDO Corporate HSE
department. All Facultative pond shall be lined.
Facultative ponds should be sized on the basis of 2 months holding excluding losses. The
maximum holding level should be at a depth of 800 mm to achieve a reasonable balance of
aerobic and anaerobic action.
Bunds should be constructed of late-rite fine grade, maximum 40µm, in layers of 150 mm,
well compacted up to 95% modified AASHTO. The internal bund gradient should be 1:1.5
maximum, top bund widths should be 1000 mm minimum and the external bund gradient
should be 1:2 maximum. The external bund face may have riprap. The height of the bund
should be 1200 mm above the floor of the pond.
The whole of the evaporative pond area should be secured within a Type G fence.
2.18.6 Septic Tanks
The design of septic tanks with soakaways should comply with the Company Standard
Drawing listed in section 2.18.

2.18.7 Hydrocarbon Disposal Pits
The design of pits for the collection of hydrocarbon waste shall comply with the Company
Standard Drawing STD-2-4025 and other standards listed in section 2.18.
2.19 Electrical Services
This section covers the design of building services low voltage (LV), 415V/3ph/50Hz,
electrical distribution installations and extra low voltage (LLV), 30V and below,
instrumentation installations. High voltage (HV), rated above 415V, installations are not
part of the building services design scope nor are LV vital supply installations. The scope
of, and interface between, LV and HV electrical designs shall be established with the
Company at preliminary design stage. Electrical building services installations include:
- LV Electrical Supply
- Small Power
- In-door Lighting
- Emergency Lighting
- Outdoor Lighting
- Fire Detection and Alarm
- Lightning Protection
- Telecoms
- Datacoms
- Television and Video
- Audio
- Nurse Call
The entire electrical installation shall be designed to be suitable for the environment and
climatic conditions prevailing in the Sultanate of Oman.
The following Company Standard Specifications and Drawings relate to LV electrical

distribution systems shall be applicable for the Electrical services.
IP 15 : Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe Practice Part

15 - ‘Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations’
SP-1099 : Specification for Electrical Installation Practice
SP-1104 : Specification for Electrical Safety Rules
SP-1105 : Specification for Electrical Standard Drawings List
SP-1110 : Specification for Electrical Supplies to Mobile Camps
SP-1111 : Specification for Temporary Electrical Supplies

DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen : Electrical Engineering Guidelines
DEP 80.00.10.10 Gen : Area classifications (Amendments / Supplement to IP 15)
2.19.1 Electrical Supply
Building services electrical supply design should normally comprise input to the design of
the LV main switchboard and earth bar, which should be part of the HV design scope,
together with the design of the LV electrical installation from the LV main switchboard
outgoings and the earth bar.
Vital service supply by no-break set (UPS) or emergency generator set shall not be part of
building services design, which shall be confined to local battery backup packages.
2.19.1.1 Rated Voltage & Frequency
Electrical equipment shall be selected to comply with the following rated voltages and
frequencies.
415V/3ph/50Hz, 240V/1ph/50Hz
2.19.1.2 Loads
The electrical design shall include a schedule of connected and instantaneous loads, which
shall be updated during the design process to form the basis of the power supply and
distribution capacity. The figures given in Table 29 may be used for estimating purposes.
The power supply and distribution system should be designed with minimum 25% spare
capacity to accommodate changes and future expansion.
The overall system power factor, inclusive of reactive power losses in transformers and
distribution system equipment, shall not be less than 0.8 lagging at rated design load.
2.19.1.3 Voltage Drop
The voltage drop in cables between LV main switchboard outgoings and consumer terminals
shall not be more than 5%, based on continuous maximum current loading and rated voltage.
Moreover, during the starting and stopping of heavy loads, such as chiller compressors, the
transient voltage depression at the terminals of any motor shall not be more than 20% of the
rated equipment voltage.

Table 29: Estimated Electrical Loads
Facility Maximum Demand
PDO Permanent Camp
Accommodation 4.5 kVA/unit
Laundry / Messing 1.0 kVA/person
Cinema (open air) 4.8 kVA
Clinic 18.0 kVA
Football Pitch 36.0 kVA
Fuel Station 21.0 kVA
Guard House 10.0 kVA
Mosque 14.5 kVA
Shop 10.0 kVA
Squash Court 9.0 kVA
Tennis Court 18.0 kVA
PDO Temporary Camp
Contractor Facility
Workshop (open sheds) 30.0 kVA/unit
Broad brush 30.0 VA/m2
2.19.1.4 Underground Cable De rating
While the sizing of above ground cables shall be in accordance with the IEE Regulations
(refer section 1.4.3 for the IEE), a basic de-rating factor, depending on cable size and type,
shall be used for underground cables. The figures given in Table 30 shall be used a catchall
factors.
A further de-rating factor shall be applied relating to the grouping of cables.

Table 30: Overall De rating Factors for Underground LV Cables (Note: Not
applicable to cable groups)
Cable De rating Factor
Single Core Up to 150 mm2 0.61
185 – 400 mm2 0.60
above 500 mm2 0.59
Multi Core Up to 16 mm2 0.65
25 – 150 mm2 0.63
above 185 mm2 0.62
2.19.1.5 Underground Cables
LV cables sizes 16 mm2 and above shall be copper conductor, cross-linked polyethylene
insulated, steel wire armoured, polyvinyl chloride sheathed (XLPE/SWA/PVC).
LV cables sizes 2.5 mm2 to 10 mm2 may be PVC insulated, copper braid armoured, PVC
sheathed, (PVC/SWB/PVC).
2.19.1.6 Earthing
Earthing systems shall be provided in accordance with SP-1099 Specification for Electrical
Installation Practice section 2.3, ‘Earthing Systems’. The system of earthing shall be TN-S,
that is, protection against indirect contact obtained by earthed equipotential bonding and
automatic disconnection of supply.
Minimum ring cable size shall be 70 mm2, minimum radial cable size shall be 25 mm2.
2.19.2 Small Power
Appendix L includes the following small power requirements relating to Company facilities.
- Power outlets
- Shaver outlets
- Hand dryers
- Fire alarm systems
- Airconditioners
- Ventilation fans
- Water heaters
- Drinking water coolers
- Cookers

- Refrigerators
- Insectocutors
SP-1099 Specification for Electrical Installation Practice, gives the Company Electrical
Standards for the following.
- Applicable Standards, Specifications & Codes
- General Requirements
- Cable Installation
- Earthing Systems
- Hazardous Area
- Equipment Installation
The Company Electrical Standard Drawings lists are contained in SP-1105 Specification for
Electrical Standard Drawings List.
2.19.2.1 Power Supply
Electrical designs shall include distribution board and feeder pillar single line diagrams
showing:
- Board reference, area served and location.
- Incoming feeder cable size and reference.
- Circuit MCB/RCD protection sizes.
- Sub circuit ways, outgoing feeders, MCB/RCD/ELCB protection ratings, wire sizes
and sub areas served.
- Sub circuit loads and total connected load per phase.
- Min 25% spare outgoing feeders (refer section 2.19.1).
Distribution boards shall incorporate residual current type earth leakage circuit breakers to
provide discriminatory protection as follows.
- Distribution Board feeders: 100mA
- Socket outlet ring sub circuit: 30mA
Distribution boards shall not be located within toilets or ablutions. Neither power outlet nor
switch shall be located within 1 m of a water source, or under a water pipe.
A means of identifiable local isolation shall be provided for each connection to electrical
equipment.
2.19.2.2 Power Consumption
All single-phase loads shall, as far as is practically possible, be evenly distributed over the
phases.

2.19.2.3 Voltage Drop
Refer section 2.19.1.3 of this specification for voltage drop.
2.19.2.4 Cables
Armoured cables shall be as described for underground cables in section 2.19.1.4.
Cables in conduit or trunking shall be copper conductor, PVC insulated. Minimum size
shall be 2.5 mm2.
2.19.2.5 Conduit & Trunking
PVC conduit shall be used only inside buildings in locations not liable to mechanical
damage. Only GI conduit shall be used for external work. Minimum conduit size shall be
20 mm. Design drawings should indicate the number and use (line, neutral and protective
earth) of cables in each conduit.
GI trunking should be used instead of multiple conduit runs. Trunking that is intended for
the accommodation of different services shall be divided into separate compartments to
provide complete cable separation.
Steel conduit and trunking shall be electrically and mechanically continuous throughout.
2.19.2.6 Earthing & Bonding
Earthing and bonding installations shall be shown on the electrical design drawings. All
metallic electrical equipment enclosures shall be earthed as described in section 2.19.1.6.
Exposed metalwork of all conduits, trunking, ducts, sheaths and armouring of cables, and all
fixed metalwork which is in reach of electrical apparatus, shall be bonded and earthed. Such
other fixed metalwork required, to be bonded and earthed shall include exposed metal pipes,
sinks and tanks.
The earth bonding connection to any water services entering a building shall be as near as
possible to the point of entry, after the isolation valve.
Minimum cable size for bonding metal pipes, sinks and the like shall be 6 mm2.
2.19.3 Indoor Lighting
General requirements for the illumination of Company facilities are given in Appendix L.
Where requirements are not listed in Appendix L, illumination levels should follow the
standards listed below: Indoor lighting design should comply with the recommendations of
the following.
BS 8206: Code of Practice for Artificial Lighting.
BS ISO 8995: Lighting of Indoor Work Places
CIBSE: Code of Interior Lighting.

2.19.3.1 Luminaries
As well as first cost, lamps should be selected for long life, giving reduced maintenance and
replacement costs, and low energy consumption. Where special requirements for colour
rendering exist, they should be met. Incandescent lamps should only be used for decorative
purposes. Low pressure sodium discharge lamps should not be used since they represent a
fire hazard in the event of breakage. Table 31 gives typical lamp selections for standard
applications.
Table 31: Typical Indoor Lamp Selection
Application Lamp
General Fluorescent Types 2D,PL,SL,TL
Industrial Fluorescent Type TL, white
High bay HP discharge Type MBF
Fluorescent Ex e
Zone 1 & 2
HP discharge Ex d
Luminaries located in ablution and toilet areas shall be protected to IP54, in special cases,
for example, where cleaning is by water hose, IP55 may be required. Light switches in
ablution and toilet areas shall be pull cord operated.
Luminaries, surface mounted on ceilings of combustible material, shall be offset by 50 mm.
2.19.4 Emergency Lighting
Emergency lighting systems cover escape route lighting, exit sign indication and vital
lighting.
The function of emergency lighting shall be to:
- Indicate the escape routes clearly and unambiguously.
- Provide illumination along such routes to allow safe movement towards and through
the exits provided.
Ensure that the fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment provided along escape
routes can be readily located.
- Provide illumination to a facility which, when failing in operation, can cause an

unsafe condition or can result in major damage.
Escape route and exit lighting shall be located at each exit door, emergency exit door, and
where necessary to identify potential hazards, that is,
- At corridor intersections
- At corridor changes of direction
- At stair flights
- At hazardous changes in floor level.

General requirements for escape route and exit lighting are given in Appendix L.
An un-switched power supply shall be provided to keep the battery backup packs on charge,
and to sense mains failure.
Emergency lighting system design, installation and implementation shall confirm to the
requirements of BS 5266, Emergency Lighting.
2.19.4.1 Escape Route Lighting
Fixed escape route lighting shall actuate within 5 sec of normal lighting failure.
Illumination should be not less than 0.2 lux.
Light fittings should be non-maintained, self contained, slave luminaries, operated by a DC

battery which shall be capable of 3 hour running time. Alternatively, battery backup
conversion kits may be used on selected lamps to enable fluorescent luminaries to operate as
emergency lighting.
2.19.4.2 Exit Lighting
Exit light fittings should be maintained, self-contained slave units, with 3 hour battery
backup.
EXIT lettering, in Arabic and English, shall be green on a white background.
2.19.4.3 Vital Lighting
In cases where vital lighting is required for operational purposes, battery backup conversion
kits should be used in a proportion of the standard light fittings.
Appropriate vital illumination levels should be calculated in each case, but in the absence of
definitive data, the number of vital lamps as part of the total number of lamps may be
determined using Table 32.
Table 32: Typical Vital Lighting Requirements
Area Vital Lamps
Administrative Area 5%
Computer Room 10%
Control Room 50%
Field Auxiliary Room 30%
Switch House 30%
Utility Area 20%
Clinic Ward 25%
2.19.5 Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor lighting installations shall comply with SP-1099 Specification for Electrical
Installation Practice section 2.5.5 Lighting.

2.19.5.1 Lighting Fixtures
Outdoor lighting fixtures shall be located a minimum distance of 0.5 m from the face of
roadway kerbs and a minimum 1.5 m from the face of car park kerbs.
Polycarbonate diffusers shall not be used unless they are certified as UV resistant.
Table 33 includes preferred lamp types for outdoor lighting applications.
2.19.5.2 Illumination Levels
Table 33 also gives minimum maintained illumination levels for outdoor lighting.
Table 33: Typical Outdoor Lighting Lamps & Illumination Levels
Application Lamp Type Illumination
Football Pitch SON 150 lux
Lay down Area MBF 50 lux
Operational Area MBF 10 lux
Roadway MBF 10 lux
Tennis Court SON 200 lux
Volleyball Court SON 200 lux
Walkway MBF.2D 10 lux
Workshop MBF 50 lux
2.20 Fire Detection & Alarm
The Company fire detection and alarm design parameters are set out in SP-1075
Specification for Fire, Explosion & Risk Management. General requirements are given in
Appendix L. For the fire detection and alarm equipment and materials shall comply with
the requirements as given in SP-1285-D Specification for Civil & Buildings Utility Services
– ‘Fire Protection Works’. The above are considered as being the minimum standard,
however each project shall be reviewed for particular requirements at the design stage.
2.20.1 Operational Criteria
Power supplies for fire detection and alarm systems shall include a standby battery and
automatic charger, and shall be designed so as not to become inoperative in the event of
failure of the power supply. In general, stand by power supply shall be designed in
accordance with DEP 33.65.50.31-Gen. ‘Static DC Uninterruptible Power Supply (DC UPS)
Units’.
June 2004 Page 100 SP-1275

The main supply feeding the local annunciator panel shall be connected to a dedicated
circuit way on a distribution board which is part of the main switch panel. No other service
shall be connected to this circuit way and, where MCBs are used, the one serving the fire
protection system shall be coloured red and labelled, white/red/white, FIRE ALARM-DO
NOT SWITCH OFF (consideration should be given to providing a key switch; the key
being held by the fire officer). The main supply cable should follow the least hazardous
route available.
The battery backup power supply shall provide at least 24-hour of system operation plus 15-
minute of full alarm.
The battery charger shall be capable of restoring the battery to full capacity within 8 hours
from fully discharged condition. Fault monitoring and alarm indication shall be provided
for:
a. Main power failure by red light without opening the panel
b. Battery power failure indication
c. Charger output failure indication
A closed circuit principle shall be used, and all wiring shall be continuously monitored such
that any of the following conditions cause a FAULT indication at the local annunciator
panel.
a. Short circuit fault, indicating the affected zone.
b. Open circuit fault, indicating the affected zone.
c. Earth fault.
d. Power supply fault.
The control circuitry shall be so arranged such that none of the above conditions cause the
fire alarms to sound. Monitoring of the system shall be intrinsic in the control circuit design
and shall be automatic in operation, and shall not require manual operation of switches or
other apparatus.
Large buildings shall be suitably zoned in accordance with BS 5839 Fire detection and
Alarm system for buildings.
The local annunciator panel shall be located at the building main entrance and shall be
visible from outside the building. The panel shall indicate zone FAULT, and zone FIRE
which shall be activated by manual call points and automatic detection systems. Activation
of one zone alarm shall operate audible alarms on all zones. Activation of one zone alarm
shall also shutdown airconditioning systems in all zones except for systems that do not cause
the spread of smoke outside the area of the fire. FAULT and FIRE alarm shall be relayed
to a central mimic panel, at a location specified by the Company.
2.20.2 Cables
Fire alarm and detection cables shall be segregated from other electrical services, including
those of similar voltage and frequency.
Cables shall be protected by armour, conduit or trunking. Buried cables shall have steel
wire armour and cables encased within building fabric may be in PVC conduit. Cables
should be exposed only in industrial applications.
SP-1275 Page 101 June 2004

Cables should be single copper conductor, minimum size 2.5 mm2 for low voltage (240v)
and minim size 1.13 mm2 for very low voltage (to 30v).
Mineral insulated cable should not normally be required for fire detection and alarm
systems.
2.21 Lightning Protection
Lightning protection requirements, if any, should be based on the factors listed below and
shall be agreed with the Company.
- Exposure risk
- Use of structure
- Type of construction
- Contents or consequential effects
- Height of structure and degree of isolation
- Location topography
Lightning protection system designs should follow the requirements of BS 6651, Code of
Practice for Protection of Structures Against Lightning.
2.22 Telecom Networks
The design of telephone distribution systems shall be agreed with and approved by the
Company Telecommunications Projects Department (TCT). The building services design
shall include, but not be limited to, allocation of reserved rights of way, external layouts,
internal layouts and schematics. A key sheet may also be required.
The project scope of work, and the interface between the building services contractor and
the telecoms contractor, shall also be agreed with TCT. Normally, this will exclude the
pulling and the terminations of external telephone cable but will include the distribution
points, telephone outlets, and terminations at the distribution points, conduit and wiring, and
terminations at the outlets.
Company supplied materials, which are free issue to the building services contractor, shall
be specified by TCT. Normally, they will include:
- Underground ducting
- Distribution boxes
- Manhole accessories
Underground cables and handsets are installed by Telecom Specialist Contractors.
General requirements for telephones are given in Appendix L.
The Company Standards for cable laying, manhole construction, duct installation and for
installation within buildings is given in PDO-ERD-71-01, Installation of Underground and
Internal Telephone Cable Networks.
June 2004 Page 102 SP-1275

2.22.1 Data Communications Networks
The scope of building services design should normally be confined to the provision of
distribution ways, conduit, trunking or trays, and outlet points together with spatial
requirements for equipment.
The scope and design shall be agreed with approved by the Company Telecommunications
Department (TCT).
2.22.2 Television & Video Networks
Normally, provision for TV shall be confined to built-in conduit and outlet points.
However, in cases where reception for individual buildings is not possible, a central antenna
system may be provided. For camps in the Oman Interior, a VCP system, as well as a
satellite dish, may also be included.
Concept design shall be part of the building services scope with detail design provided by a
Specialist Vendor. Both concept and detail design shall be subject to Company approval.
General requirements for TV outlets are given in Appendix L.
2.22.3 Audio Systems
Concept and detail design scopes shall be as described in section 2.22.2.
2.22.4 Nurse Call Systems
Concept and detail design scopes shall be as described in section 2.22.2. General
requirements for Nurse Call systems are given in Appendix L.
SP-1275 Page 103 June 2004

Appendices
Appendix A: Glossary of Definitions & Abbreviations
Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials
Appendix C: Typical Live Loads & Finishes
Appendix D: Wall Finishes
Appendix E: Floor Finishes
Appendix F: Skirting
Appendix G: Ceilings
Appendix H: Door Types
Appendix I: Window Types (Glazing)
Appendix J: Ironmongeries
Appendix K: Internal Environment Design Criteria
Appendix L: Electrical Requirements
Appendix M: SP User Comment Form
June 2004 Page 104 SP-1275

Appendix A: Glossary of Definitions & Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions, terminology and abbreviations
shall apply.
A.1 General Definitions & Terminology
Shall : The word 'shall' indicates a requirement
Should : The word 'should' indicates a recommendation
the Company : Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.,
the : The party with which the Company has entered into a Contract
Contractor
Manufacturer : A Party responsible for the manufacture of equipment and services to
perform the duties specified by the Consultant or the Company.
Vendor / : A party responsible for the supply of equipment, materials or product

Supplier: related services in accordance with the purchase order issued by PDO
or it’s nominated purchasing office.
Local Agent : An authorised agent of a Manufacturer in the Sultanate Of Oman who

can supply the product and services.
National : A product defined as a National Product, in origin manufactured in

Product the Sultanate Of Oman as per the General Conditions of Contract.
GCC Product : A product defined as a GCC Product, in origin manufactured in GCC

country as per the General Conditions of Contract.
Works : The permanent Works to be executed and maintained in accordance

with the contract together with all temporary works of every kind
required in or about the execution or maintenance of the Works.
Workshop : A defined place, approved by the Company, where the Contractor

executes fabrication works.
Worksite : The land and other places on, under, in or through which the Works
are to be executed.
the User : The Company, and/or Consultant, designate using this document.
Temporary : Any member or structure which needs to withstand loads and forces
Structures of a temporary nature, such as scaffolding, erection bracing, steel
props, commissioning facilities, etc. The word ‘temporary’ shall be
understood as a short period, limited to maximum of 2 years.
Semi : Any member or structure which needs to withstand all meteorological

Permanent conditions, loads and forces of a permanent nature, but designed for a
Structures short period. The word ‘semi-permanent’ shall be understood as a
relatively short period, limited to maximum of 4 years.
Permanent : Any member or structure which needs to withstand all meteorological

Structures conditions, loads and forces of a permanent nature, but designed for a
long period. The word ‘permanent’ shall be understood as a
relatively long period, say 30 years or more.
SP-1275 Page 105 June 2004

A.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this document.
AASHTO : American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials
ACI : American Concrete Institute
ACV : Aggregate Crushing Value.
ASME : American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASNT : American Society Non-Destructive Testing
ASTM : American Society for Testing and Materials
AWS : American Welding Society
AWC : Asian Water Closet
B : Bottom
BLK : Block work
BOB : Bottom of Base
BOP : Bottom of Pipe
BS : British Standard
BWK : Brickwork
CBR : California Bearing Ratio
CIBSE : Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers
CP : Code of Practice
CWS : Code Water Service
CFDH : Corporate Functional Discipline Head
DB : Dry Bulb Temperature
DEP : Design and Engineering Practice (SIEP / Shell GSI Standard)
DFT : Dry Film Thickness
DIA : Diameter
June 2004 Page 106 SP-1275

A.2 Abbreviations (contd.)
DIN : Deutsche Institute for Normung (West German Institute for

Standardisation)
DRG : Drawing
DWF : Dry Weather Flow
EF : Each Face
EW : Each Way
ELCB : Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
EPC : Engineering, Procurement & Construction
ERD : Engineering Reference Document
ESD : Emergency Shutdown
EWC : European Water Closet
EXL : Existing Level
FF : Far Face
FFL : Finished Floor Level
FS : Full Size
GCC : Gulf Cooperation Council
GI : Galvanised Iron
GRC : Glass Reinforced Concrete
GRG : Glass Reinforced Gypsum
GRE/GRP : (Fibre) Glass Reinforced Epoxy or Plastic
HDPE : High Density Polyethylene
HOR : Horizontal
HP : High Pressure
HW : Hardwood
HSE : Health, Safety and Environment
HV : High Voltage
IEE : Institution of Electrical Engineers
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 107 June 2004

JE : Junior Employee
JS : Junior Staff
LPG : Liquid Petroleum Gas
LV : Low Voltage
MAF : Mina Al Fahal (PDO Coastal Centre of Operations)
MAX : Maximum
MBF : High Pressure Mercury Discharge
MCB : Miniature Circuit Breaker
MIN : Minimum
MMMF : Man Made Mineral Fibres
MOC : Ministry of Communications
MRME : Ministry of Regional Municipalities & Environment
MPN : Most Probable Number
N : Neutral
N/A : Not Applicable
NF : Near Face
No. : Number
NTS : Not to Scale
OPC : Ordinary Portland Cement
PE : Protective Conductor
PDO : Petroleum Development Oman LLC
ppm : Parts per Million
PVA : Polyvinyl Acetate
PVC : Polyvinyl Chloride
PW : Potable Water
RC : Reinforced Concrete
RCD : Residual Current Device
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 108 SP-1275

SELV : Safe Extra Low Voltage
Shell GSI : Shell Global Solutions International B.V.
SIEP : Shell International Exploration and Production B.V.
SIC : Shell International Chemicals B.V.
SIS : Sveriges Standard Iseringskommision (Swedish Standards

Institute)
SON : High Pressure Sodium Discharge
SPP : Sulphonate Petroleum Product
SP : Specification
SRD : HSE (Safety) Reference Document
SS : Senior Staff
SSL : Structural Slab Level
STD : Standard
SWA : Steel Wire Armour
SWB : Steel Wire Braid
T : Top
TE : Treated Effluent
TN-S : Separate N and PE Conductors
TOC : Top of Concrete
TOG : Top of Grating
TOS : Top of Steel
UPS : Uninterrupted Power Supply
UPVC : Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
UV : Ultra Violet
VERT : Vertical
WB : Wet Bulb Temperature
SP-1275 Page 109 June 2004

A.3 Abbreviations for Building Types
The abbreviations used in this document for different building types are given in Table 34.
Table 34: Building Type Codes
Code Building or Area
ABL : Ablutions
ABL/1 : Ablution Block – SS
ABL/2 : Ablution Block – JS
ABL/3 : Ablution Block – JE
ACC : Accommodation
ACC/1 : Accommodation – SS House
ACC/2 : Accommodation – SS Bachelor Flats
ACC/3 : Accommodation – SS Rooms
ACC/4 : Accommodation – JS Units
ACC/5 : Accommodation – JE Units
AIR : Air Terminal
AIR/1 : Air Terminal – Building
AIR/2 : Air Terminal – Sunshade
ANC : Ancillary Building (Catering / Laundry)
ANC/1 : Ancillary Building – Main Camps
ANC/2 : Ancillary Building – Satellite Camps
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 110 SP-1275

Table 34: Building Type Codes (contd.)
CON : Control Building
CON/1 : Control Building – Type 1
ELE : Electrical Facility
ELE/1 : Electrical Installation – Substation
ELE/2 : Electrical Installation – Switch Yard
ELE/3 : Electrical Installation – Power Station
EXP : Explosives Store
FIR : Fire Station
FIR/1 : Fire Station – Type 1
FIR/2 : Fire Station – Type 2
GAR : Garage / Fuel Station
GAR/1 : Garage / Fuel Station – Type 1
GUA : Guard House
GUA/1 : Guard House
GUA/2 : Sentry Box
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 111 June 2004

HOS : Hospital / Clinic
HOS/1 : Clinic – Type 1
HOS/2 : Clinic – Type 2
HOS/3 : First Aid Post
KIT : Kitchen (Separate Building)
KIT/1 : Kitchen – SS
KIT/2 : Kitchen – JS
KIT/3 : Kitchen – JE
LAB : Laboratory
LAB/1 : Laboratory – Production Chemistry
LAB/2 : Laboratory – Geology
LAU : Laundry
MES : Mess / Canteen
MES/1 : Mess / Canteen – SS
MES/2 : Mess / Canteen – JS
MES/3 : Mess / Canteen – JE
MOS : Mosque
MOS/1 : Mosque – Permanent
MOS/2 : Mosque – Prayer Shelter
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 112 SP-1275

OFF : Office
OFF/1 : Office – Solid Partitions
OFF/2 : Office – Demountable Partitions
REC : Recreational Facility
REC/1 : Recreational Facility – SS
REC/2 : Recreational Facility – JS
REC/3 : Recreational Facility – JE
REC/4 : Recreational Facility – Arts & Crafts
REC/5 : Recreational Facility – Cinema Indoor
REC/6 : Recreational Facility – Cinema Outdoor
REC/7 : Recreational Facility – Swimming Pool
ROS : Reverse Osmosis Plant (Utilities)
SCH : School/Training Centre
SCH/1 : Junior School
SCH/2 : Kindergarten
SCH/3 : Training Centre
SHO : Shop
SHO/1 : Shop – Bulk Store (Liquor)
SHO/2 : Shop – General Store
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 113 June 2004

SPO : Sports Facility
SPO/1 : Sports Facility – Squash Court
SPO/2 : Sports Facility – Sports Hall / Gym
SPO/3 : Sports Facility – Boat Centre
SPO/4 : Sports Facility – Golf Course
SPO/5 : Sports Facility – Tennis / Volleyball Court
SPO/6 : Sports Facility – Changing Rooms
SPO/7 : Sports Facility – Sports Field
STO : Store
STO/1 : Store – Edit and Seismic Tape
STO/2 : Store – File Archives
STO/3 : Store – Chemical
STO/4 : Store – Core Shed
STO/5 : Store – Loose Grain Store
STO/6 : Store – Cold Store
STO/7 : Store – Dry Store / Tinned Food Store
STO/8 : Store – Gas Bottle
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
TEL : Telecommunications Facility
TEL/1 : Telecoms Buildings – Type A
TEL/2 : Telecoms Buildings – Type B
TEL/3 : Telecoms Buildings – Type C
TEL/4 : Telecoms Buildings – Type D
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 114 SP-1275

TRU : Transportable Unit (Cabin)
TRU/1 : Temporary Accommodation
TRU/2 : Temporary Offices
TRU/3 : Temporary Store
TRU/4 : Temporary Mess
TRU/5 : Temporary Kitchen
TRU/6 : Temporary Ablution
WAH : Warehouse / Depot
WAH/01 : Warehouse / Depot – Non-Inflammable Material
WAH/02 : Warehouse / Depot – Personal Effects
WAH/03 : Warehouse / Depot – Furniture & Semi-Inflammable
WAH/04 : Warehouse / Depot – Inflammable Material
WOR : Workshop
WOR/01 : Workshop – Electrical & Air-conditioning
WOR/02 : Workshop – Mechanical
WOR/03 : Workshop – Instrument
WOR/04 : Workshop – Carpentry
WOR/05 : Workshop – Light Vehicle
WOR/06 : Workshop – Heavy Vehicle
WOR/07 : Workshop – Integrated
SP-1275 Page 115 June 2004

A.4 Abbreviations for Room Types
The abbreviations used in this document for different room types are given in Table 35.
Table 35: Room Type Codes
Code Room Type
ALL : All rooms unless noted otherwise
BATH : Bathroom
BED : Bedroom
BAKE : Bakery
BAR : Bar
BTRY : Battery Room
CANT : Canteen
CHRM : Changing Room
CLNR : Cleaners Room
CLRM : Classroom
CONF : Conference Room
CORR : Corridor
CTRL : Control Room
CDST : Cold Store
DARK : Dark Room
DPFZ : Deep Freeze Store
DINE : Dining Room
DUCT : Service Duct
ELEC : Electrical Cupboard
ENTR : Entrance Hall
EQMT : Equipment Room
EXAM : Examination Room
FILE : Files Store
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 116 SP-1275

Table 35: Room Type Codes (contd.)
Code Room Type
ICE : Ice Store
ISO : Isotope Pit
KTCH : Kitchen
LABC : Laboratory (Cores)
LABO : Laboratory (Oil)
LABW : Laboratory (Water)
LDRY : Laundry
LESR : Leisure
LBRY : Library
LIFT : Elevator
LNGE : Lounge/Sitting Room
MORT : Mortuary
OFF1 : 7 m2 Module Office
OFF2 : 10.5 m2 Module Office
OFF3 : Drawing Office
PTRY : Pantry
PARK : Parking Bay
PRAY : Prayer Room
PREP : Food Preparation
PROJ : Projection Room
REC1 : Recreation – Snooker Room
REC2 : Recreation – Table Tennis Room
RECP : Reception
REDX : First Aid Room
RSNT : Restaurant
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 117 June 2004

Table35: Room Type Codes (contd.)
Code Room Type
SH : Shower
SL : Sluice
SHOP : Shop
SQCT : Squash Court
SERV : Service Room
ST/B : Gas Bottle Store
ST/C : Chemical Store
ST/D : Dry Store
ST/E : Equipment & Tools Store
ST/G : General Supply Store
ST/H : Health Dept Store (Poisons)
ST/K : Kitchen Consumables Store
ST/L : Bulk (Liquor) Store
ST/M : Medical (Drugs) Store
ST/O : Office Supplies Store
ST/P : Pork Products Store
ST/S : Secure Store
ST/T : Edit & Seismic Tape Store
ST/U : UV Shielded Store
STND : Stand & Wait Area
STWL : Stairwell
SWGR : Switchgear Room
TLET : Public Toilet
TRMT : Treatment Room
TV : TV / Video Room
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 118 SP-1275

Table35: Room Type Codes (contd.)
Code Room Type
UTIL : Utility Room
VIEW : Viewing Gallery
WAIT : Waiting Room
WARD : Ward
WC : Toilet
WKSP : Workshop
XRAY : X-Ray Room
SP-1275 Page 119 June 2004

Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials
Building Material kN/m2 kN/m3
Aluminium Roof Sheeting 0.7 mm thick 0.023
Asbestos Cement Sheeting This material shall not be used.
Asphalt – Roofing, 2 layers 19 mm thick 0.41
25 mm thick 0.58
Bitumen, built up felt roofing – 3 layers incl chippings 0.29
Block work (excluding weight of

mortar)
Concrete, solid, Per 25 mm thick 0.54
Concrete, hollow, Per 25 mm thick 0.34
Lightweight, solid, Per 25 mm thick 0.32
Brickwork, (excluding weight of

mortar)
Clay, solid, Per 25 mm thick 0.45
Low density Per 25 mm thick 0.49
Medium density Per 25 mm thick 0.54
High density Per 25 mm thick 0.58
Clay, perforated, Per 25 mm thick
Low density 25% voids 0.38
15% voids 0.42
Medium density 25% voids 0.40
15% voids 0.46
High density 25% voids 0.44
15% voids 0.48
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 120 SP-1275

Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials (contd.)
Boards
Cork, compressed, Per 25 mm thick 0.06
Fibre insulating, Per 25 mm thick 0.07
Laminated blockboard, Per 25 mm thick 0.11
Plywood, Per 12.7 mm thick 0.09
Concrete, reinforced, 2% steel 23.55
Glass – Clear float 4 mm 0.09
6 mm 0.14
Glass Fibre
Thermal insulation, Per 25 mm thick 0.005
Acoustic insulation, Per 25 mm thick 0.01
Glazing, Patent 6.3 mm Glass
Lead covered bars at 610 mm 0.29

centres
Aluminium alloy bars at 610 mm 0.19

centres
Plaster 12.5 mm thick 0.22
Gypsum 9.5 mm thick 0.08
Plasterboard Gypsum 12.5 mm thick 0.11
19.0 mm thick 0.17
Roof Boarding
Softwood rough sawn 19 mm thick 0.10
25 mm thick 0.12
32 mm thick 0.14
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 121 June 2004

Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials (contd.)
Rendering & Screed
Portland cement: sand, 1:3 mix Per 12.5 mm thick 0.29
Concrete Per 25 mm thick 0.58
Lightweight Per 25 mm thick 0.32
Steel 77.22
Steel Roof Sheeting – (as laid) 0.50 mm thick 0.05
0.70 mm thick 0.07
Tiling, Roof
Clay or concrete, plain, laid to 10 mm gauge 0.62 – 0.7
0.48
Tiling, Floor Finishes
Asphalt 3 mm thick 0.06
Clay 12.5 mm thick 0.27
Cork, compressed 6.5 mm thick 0.025
PVC, flexible 2.0 mm thick 0.035
Timber – Softwoods Pine Spruce 4.72
Douglas Fir 4.72
Redwood 5.50
Pitch pine 6.60
Timber – Hardwood Teak, Oak 7.07
Wood-wool Slabs Per 25 mm thick 0.15
June 2004 Page 122 SP-1275

Appendix C: Typical Live Loads & Finishes
Legend: W = Wall F = Floor C = Ceiling
S = Skirting D = Door G = Glazing
Note: For Abbreviations of Building Types & Room Types refer Tables 34&35 in Appendix B.
Live Load Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I

Building Room
kN/m2 Wx Type Fx Type Sx Type Cx Type Dx Type Gx Type
ABL/1-3 ALL 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
ACC/1 BATH 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3/5 D9 G5
BED 1.5 W1 F15 S1 C3 D9 G14
DINE 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G13
DUCT 1.5 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S1 C2 D9
ENTR 2.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
EXTR 2.5 W3 F6 S8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F2 S5 C3 D9 G14
LNGE 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G13
ST/K 2.5 W1 F3 C2 D9 G6
SP-1275 Page 123 June 2004

Appendix C: Typical Live Loads & Finishes (contd.)

Building Room
STWL 3.0 W1 F1 S1 C3
ACC/1
WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3/5 D9 G10
BATH 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G14
DINE 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G6
DUCT 1.5 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S1 C2 D9
ACC/2 ENTR 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F2 S5 C3 D9 G14
LNGE 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G13
ST/K 2.5 W1 F3 S1 C2 D9 G6
June 2004 Page 124 SP-1275


Building Room
ACC/2 WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3/5 D9 G10
BATH 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G10
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G7
DINE 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G13
ENTR 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
AA/3
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F2 S4 C3 D9 G14
WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
BATH 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C8 D11
BED 1.5 W1/6 F3 S1 C8 D9 G8
ACC/4 ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
ENTR 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C8 D11
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
SP-1275 Page 125 June 2004


Building Room
SERV 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D11
SH 2.0 W6 F7 S4 C3 D11
ACC/4 ST/G 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C8 D11
ACC/5 BATH 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C8 D11
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C8 D9 G8
ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8 C8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F3 S4 C3 D9
LNGE 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G13
SERV 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D11
SH 2.0 W1/6 F7 S4 C3 D11
ST/G 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
June 2004 Page 126 SP-1275


Building Room
ACC/5 WC 1.5 W1/2 F4 S4 C7 D11
AIR/1 ALL 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D11
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
AIR/2 ALL 7.5 W- F-
ANC/1 & BAKE 3.0 W2/6 F4 S1 C2 D11 G5

ANC/2
CDST 7.5 W2 F11 S1 C2 D3
LDRY 3.0 W2/6 F4 S1 C2 D11 G5
ST/B 7.5 W1 F8 S1 C2 D9
ST/D 7.5 W1 F4 S1 C2 D9
ST/G 5.0 W1 F4 S1 C2 D9
ST/K 7.5 W1 F4 S1 C2 D9
ST/P 5.0 W1 F4 S1 C2 D9
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C8 D9 G5
CTRL C 7.5 C W1 C F12 C S1 C C5 C D1 C G-

CON/1-3
SP-1275 Page 127 June 2004


Building Room
CON/1-3 EQMT 7.5 W7 F12/3 S1 C2 D3
BATY 7.5 W7 F14 S5 C2 D4
ELE/1 ALL 7.5 W7 F8 S7 C2 D4
EXTR 7.5 W3 F6 S8
ELE/2 ALL 7.5 W7 10cm S7 C2 D4
EXTR 7.5 W3 F6 S8
ELE/3 ALL 7.5 W7 F8 S7 C2 D4
EXTR 7.5 W3 F6 S8
OFF 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G-
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
FIR/1 ALL 7.5 W1 F3 S7 C3 D11 G-
EXTR 5.0 W3 F8 S8
PARK 7.5 W1 F8 S7 D12
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
June 2004 Page 128 SP-1275


Building Room
GAR/1 EXTR 40.0 W3 F6 S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
OFF 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D11 G14
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
ST/F 7.5 W7 F14 S4 C1 D8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
GUA/1 ALL 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D11 G9
EXTR 2.0 W3 F6 S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
HOS/1 & BATH 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6

HOS/2
ST/M 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G5
EXAM 2.0 W1/6 F3 S1 C3 D9 G5
SP-1275 Page 129 June 2004


Building Room
OFF 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G5
HOS/1 &
HOS/2
ST/H 2.0 W1 F7 S7 C3 D9 G5
MORT 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D3
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G9
PTRY 3.0 W1/6 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
RECP 2.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D2 G-
SL 2.0 W1/6 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
TRMT 2.0 W1/6 F3 S1 C3 D9 G6
WC 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
HOS/3 REDX 2.0 W1/6 F3 S1 C3 D9 G5
WC 1.5 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
KIT/1-3 EXTR 3.5 W3 F6 S8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D2 G5
June 2004 Page 130 SP-1275


Building Room
LAB/1-3 ALL 3.0 W2 F14 S4 C5 D2 G14
EXTR 3.5 W3 F6 S8
OFF 2.5 W1 F14 S3 C5 D9 G14
MES/1 BAR 5.0 W1 F2 S4 C4 D12 G1
CLNR 2.0 W1 F3 S3 C3 D9
CORR 4.0 W1 F5 S4 C5 D1
DINE 4.0 W1 F3 S3 C5 D1 G1
EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
ICE 3.0 W1 F5 S4 C3 D9
KTCH 3.0 W2/9 F3 S4 C3 D11 G5
LNGE 2.0 W1/11 F10 S3 C5 D1 G1
RECP 2.0 W1/11 F3 S1 C3 D1 G1
ST/G 4.0 W1 F8 S4 C3 D9
ST/L 5.0 W1 F2 S4 C3 D12
SP-1275 Page 131 June 2004


Building Room
MES/1 SERV 3.0 W12/9 F2 S1 C3 D5
TV 2.0 W1 F10 S3 C3 D3 G1
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
MES/2 & CLNR 2.0 W1 F3 S3 C3 D9

MES/3
CORR 4.0 W1 F5 S4 C5 D1
DINE 4.0 W1 F3 S3 C5 D1/6 G1
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8
ICE 3.0 W1 F5 S4 C3 D9
KTCH 3.0 W1/2/9 F3 S4 C3 D11 G5
LNGE 2.0 W1/9/11 F10 S3 C5 D1 G1
RECP 2.0 W1/11 F3 S1 C5 D1 G1
ST/G 4.0 W1 F8 S4 C3 D9
SERV 3.0 W1/2/9 F2 S1 C3 D5
TV 2.0 W1 F3 S3 C3 D3 G1
June 2004 Page 132 SP-1275


Building Room
MES/2 &
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
MES/3
MOS/1 DOME W5 C2 G7
ENTR 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D12
EXTR 2.0 W3 F6 S8
PRAY 2.0 W1 F10 S3 C3 D12 G3
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G3
MOS/2 PRAY 1.5 W1 F10 S3 C3 D9 G-
CORR 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C4 D1 G-
OFF/1 &
OFF/2
ELEC 3.5 W1 F8 S1 C2 D9
ENTR 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C5 D1
EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
FILE 5.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D11
OFF 2.5 W1 F3 S3 C3 D11 G
SP-1275 Page 133 June 2004


Building Room
OFF/1 & ST/O 10.5 W1 F7 S1 C3 D9

OFF/2
WC 2.0 W1/2 F5 S4 C3 D9 G6
REC/5 ELEC 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
PROJ 2.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G7
STAND 4.0 W1 F7 S7 C3/5 D9
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
REC/6 EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
SCH/1 To CLRM 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G-

SCH/3
CORR 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C3/5 D1
DINE 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D1 G-
FILE 5.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
EXTR 7.5 W3 F6 S8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F2 S4 C3 D9 G-
SERV 3.0 W1/2 F2 S4 C3 D3
June 2004 Page 134 SP-1275


Building Room
SCH/1 To ST/0 5.0/m W1 F8 S7 C3 D3

SCH/3
WC 3.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C5 D9 G6
WKSP 10.5 W1 F8 S7 C2 D1
SHO/1 ALL 7.5/m W1 F3 S1 C2 D11 G-
& /2 EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
SPO/1 ELEC 3.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8 C3
SQCT 2.0 W4 F9 C3 D12
VIEW 4.0 W1 F8 S1 C8 D11
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
SPO/2 ALL 4.0 W1 F- S2 C- D-
EXTR 4.0 W3 F- S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
SP-1275 Page 135 June 2004


Building Room
SPO/3 & ALL 4.0 W1 F- S3 C5 D-

SPO/4
EXTR 4.0 W3 F- S8
KTCH 3.0 W1/2 F3 S4 C3 D9 G5
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
STO/1 To ALL 2.5/m W1 F- S1 C3/5 D3

STO/2
EXTR 2.5/m W3 F6 S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6/11
STO/5 ST 10/m W1 F11 S1 C2 D3
STO/6 & /7 EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
ST 5/m W1 F4 S4 C2 D3
TEL/1 ALL 5.0 W2 F8 S7 C2 D3
EQMT 5.0 W2 F12 C2 D3
EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F5 S4 C3 D9 G5
June 2004 Page 136 SP-1275


Building Room
TEL/2 ALL 5.0 W1 F7 S7 C2 D3
EXTR 5.0 W3 F- S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
WAR/1 To CORR 5.0 W1 F8 S2 C3 D3

WAR/4
EXTR 7.5 W3/10 F6 S8
FILE 4.0 W1 F8 S2 C3 D9
OFF 2.5 W1 F8 S2 C3 D11 G5
ST 2.5/m W1 F8 D9
WARE 2.5/m W7 F8 D3
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
SP-1275 Page 137 June 2004

Appendix D: Wall Finishes
Type Description
W1 Internal Render & Emulsion Paint
15mm cement/sand render applied in two coats. Primed with one coat PVA
primer/seal and two coats PVA copolymer based putty filled, rubbed down
with fine sandpaper to completely even surface and painted with two coats of
washable and steam resistant emulsion paint – Vinyl Silk finish. (It should
be noted that while Vinyl Silk finish is specified here this may not be always
the case: sometimes Gloss Oil to Dado is required; or Matt finish; or Gloss
finish all over, etc., if in doubt check with the Company and hence the
Client).
W2 Ceramic Wall Tiles
10mm cement/sand render to blockwork walls applied in two coats. Second

coat keyed with cross hatching and combing to receive 152x152x5.5mm
glazed ceramic wall tiles. Tiles fixed and grouted with manufacturer’s
recommended epoxy based adhesive. All adhesives should be waterproof.
Shower grouting should be waterproof and kitchen grouting should be epoxy
to prevent growth of bacteria etc. Tiling full height or to heights indicated
on drawings. All external angles to be formed using round edged tiles.
Round edged tiles to be used at change in wall finish.
W3 Heavy texturised External Paint
Fair faced blockwork and fair faced in-situ concrete. Cleaned down and
flush pointed. Cement/Sand wash bag rubbed, applied over entire surface
and finished to 4.5mm overall thickness with one coat of PVA Copolymer
emulsion paint. Emulsion paint priming coat and one coat roller applied
heavy texturised external copolymer emulsion paint finish coat. Final
texture by sponge or spatula.
W4 Fibrous Epoxy Plaster
Fair faced blockwork walls cleaned down and dampened. Finished to 15mm
overall thickness with two coats trowel. Fibrous Epoxy Plaster applied in
accordance with manufacturer’s printed instructions. Surface blemishes
sanded down with fine sand paper. For Squash courts the wall court
markings are to be made with polyurethane paint.
W5 Mosque Dome
Rendering with steel float finish. One coat of primer sealer, two coats PvA,
two undercoats and two coats of full gloss.
W6 Ceramic Tile Splash Backs
Splash backs to back and sides of sink/vanity unit to be as specification W2

minimum 3 courses of tiles high x 4 tiles wide unless shown otherwise on
drawings.
June 2004 Page 138 SP-1275

Appendix D: Wall Finishes (contd.)
Type Description
W7 Fair Faced Block work
Fair faced blockwork cleaned down and flush pointed. Cement/sand wash,
bag rubbed applied over entire surface and finished with 1 coat PVA
Primer/sealer and 2 coats washable and steam resistant emulsion.
W8 Epoxy Glazed Finish
Epoxy glazed finish to full height or as shown on Drawings/Instructions.
W9 Corner Gaurds (Stainless Steel Angle)
Stainless steel angle corner guards 2.0m long to protect all external angles of
walls, including door jambs. Bottom edge level with top of skirting.
W10 Stucco embossed Finish
Composite insulated aluminium cladding panels with 0.55m aluminium inner

skin with white Stucco embossed (or to clients choice) finish.
W11 Veneer Finish
Timber partitions with HW veneer faced ply facing.
W12 Demountable Partition Finish
Demountable galvanised steel framed partitions with plastic coated steel

face. (A great deal of demountable partitions are also made from gypsum
plasterboard covered in vinyl cloth or paper – which can be used as an
alternative).
Note: Refer Appendix C for wall finishes in different buildings and rooms.
SP-1275 Page 139 June 2004

Appendix E: Floor Finishes
Type Description
F1 Vinyl Floor Tiles
Size 300m x 300m x 2mm fixed with manufacturer’s recommended

bituminous adhesive to cement/sand screed. Overall thickness of tiles and
screed 50mm.
F2 Clay Floor Quarry Tiles
Size 150mm x 150mm x 12.5mm shot faced clay floor quarry tiles (BS
6431 type A). Bedded and jointed in cement/sand mortar (1:4) on
cement/sand floor screed. Overall thickness of tiles and screed 50mm or
laid to falls as required.
F3 Pre cast Terrazzo Tiles
300mm x 300mm x 25mm tiles bedded and joined in cement/sand mortar to

overall thickness of 50mm. Pointed with matching grout, ground to a high
degree of accuracy, polished and sealed on completion with metalized
emulsion polish/sealer to manufacturers recommendation.
F4 Non-slip Ceramic Floor Tiles
Size 152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm. Fixed with manufacturer’s recommended

adhesive to cement/sand screed and pointed with matching epoxy grout.
Overall thickness 50mm or laid to falls as required. Matching ribbed step
tread tiles to be provided across all shower entrances.
F5 Unglazed Ceramic Floor Tiles
Size 152mm x 152mm x 9.5mm. Fixed as item F4.
F6 PC Interlocking Tiles
To be specified by the client as there are several different varieties in terms

of thickness, sizes, patterns and colours.
F7 Non-slip Granolothic Pavings
40mm minimum thickness granolithic topping applied to matured concrete

slab. Concrete slab surface to be cleaned, hacked and wetted and cement
grout brushed over entire surface before laying of granolithic concrete.
Granolithic concrete to be laid in 15m2 bays and carborundum dust
sprinkled and trowelled into finished surface at a rate of 1.5 kg/m2 while
still ‘Green’. Granolithic toppings to stairs to be laid monolithically on
fresh base concrete within 3 hours and sprinkled with carborundum dust as
above. Where indicated as being to falls maximum thickness to be 65mm.
June 2004 Page 140 SP-1275

Appendix E: Floor Finishes (contd.)
Type Description
F8 Hardened & Sealed Granolithic Floor
40mm minimum thickness granolithic topping laid monolithically on fresh

base concrete (within three hours) and finished with case hardening, dust
proofing and oil proofing compound for granolithic floors applied in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended instructions. Where
indicated as being to falls maximum thickness to be 65mm. (Note: Where
specified in services cupboard’s or ducts topping can be applied to
matured slabs, not monolithically).
F9 Squash Court Flooring
Proprietary squash court flooring system comprising semi-resilient under

carriage of 50mm x 50mm preservative treated battens at 300mm centres
on rubber pads on steel floated concrete floor slab. Maple or beech 25mm
thick strip flooring tongued and grooved and secretly nailed to battens.
Machine sanded. Court markings applied in polyurethane paint. Entire
surface sealed with matt polyurethane varnish (2 coats). This item is not
tabulated being a one off item.
F10 Carpet Tiles
Size of tiles 500mm x 500mm x 7.3mm. Laid with medium stick latex
anti-slip solution on 50mm cement/sand screed, sealed with anti-dust
compound.
F11 Epoxy Coated Flooring
Two pack high build epoxy coating. Applied onto 50mm cement/sand
screed. Wire brushed to remove laitence and filled with solventless filter.
F12 Raised Access Floor (Pedestal Floor)
Medium grade raised access floor with vinyl infill. To include MS

channel bridging to services trenches. O/A depth 600mm (or as stated)
from finished floor level to structural slab level. Weight capacity to be
determined. Slab to be finished with non-dusting coating (epoxy coating).
It should be noted that if carpet tiles are used then these need to be anti-
static.
F13 Flexible Sheet PVC Gymnasium Flooring
F15 Fitted Carpets
Note: Refer Appendix C for floor finishes in different buildings and rooms.
SP-1275 Page 141 June 2004

Appendix F: Skirting Types
Type Description
S2 Vinyl tile with toe ‘sit on’ skirtings (pre-formed corners).
S3 Hardwood matching door architecture, minimum 18m x 100mm of even

grain and colour. Rounded leading edge, PX65 satin wood stain preservative
and ‘Sadotop’ finish.
S4 Coved ceramic tiles with special corners, matching floor tiles.
S5 Wall tiles with right angle butt to floor with 3mm mastic pointed abutment.
S6 Trunking skirting.
S7 Coved Granolithic integral with floor.
S8 Bituminous paint skirting on fair face concrete or block work.
Note Refer Appendix C for skirting in different buildings and rooms.

:
June 2004 Page 142 SP-1275

Appendix G: Ceilings
Type Description
C1 Smooth fair face concrete.
C2 Emulsion painted smooth fair face concrete.
C3 Brilliant white textured finish on smooth fair face concrete.
C4 Suspended ceiling, 600mm x 600mm exposed grid self finish acoustic

mineral fibre lay in panels.
C5 Suspended ceiling, 600mm x 600mm exposed grid self finish washable

mineral fibre lay in panels.
C6 Softwood ‘T’ and ‘G’ chamfered match boarding with secret fixing and
clear matt finish (all as detailed).
C7 As C6 but hardwood (all as detailed).
C8 Hardwood framing with ‘Glasal’ white enamel faced panels, HW PX65

wood stain perservative and clear gloss finished (all as detailed).
C9 Insulated sandwich construction profiled aluminium with white shade

embossed finish, soffit and coloured polyester externally.
C10 Polyester finished aluminium rib ceiling with or without filler.
C11 Metal lay-in ceiling with exposed grid and bagged sound insulation over.
Note 1. Access panels shall be provided and coordinated into ceilings and
: allow proper access to equipment over.
2. Refer Appendix C for ceilings in different buildings and rooms.
SP-1275 Page 143 June 2004

Appendix H: Door Types
Type Description
D1 Double Door with middle rail and glazed.
D2 Double Door with half glazing only.
D3 Double Door solid core flush door.
D4 Double Door steel faced flush door.
D5 As D1 and HW louvres.
D6 As D4 single door.
D7 Flush door with flush side panel for wide furniture access.
D8 As D7 with HW louvres.
D9 Single flush door.
D10 Full glazed door.
D11 Half glazed door.
D12 By Specialist.
Note: 1. Doors will vary in width to suit the plan, also where required
frames may be storey height and ventilation grilles may be set
into the doors.
2. Refer Appendix C for doors in different buildings and rooms.
June 2004 Page 144 SP-1275

Appendix I: Window Types (Glazing)
Type Description
G1 Low-level fixed lights with high level bottom hung ventilator (1450mm
high, 1250mm wide).
G2 Mid height sliding window fixed light over (1200mm wide).
G3 Side hung to floor fixed light over (400mm wide).
G4 Fixed light to floor (400mm wide).
G5 High level, one fixed, one bottom hung (1600mm wide).
G6 High level, bottom hung (800mm wide).
G7 High level, fixed light (1400mm, 800mm, 400mm wide).
G8 Mid height, 2 fixed lights, 2 bottom hung over (1200mm wide).
G9 Mid height, fixed light with bottom hung over (800mm wide).
G10 Mid height, 2 pane fixed (400mm wide).
G11 Mid height, fixed light (400mm wide).
G12 Mid height, two fixed light (1000mm wide).
G13 Low level, one sliding, one fixed (2000mm wide) patio door.
G14 Mid height, double sliding window (1000mm wide).
Note: Refer Appendix C for window types in different buildings and rooms
SP-1275 Page 145 June 2004

Appendix J: Ironmongeries
Table 36: Ironmongery Pack
Pack A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
100X75 3 knuckle butt hinges s.s. washers

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 1.5 1.5 1.5
(pairs)
100x75 Aluminium rising butt rust proof 1.5
Mortise dead lock with escutcheon 1 1 1 1 1
Mortise cylinder lock-latch with release turn 1 1
Mortise latch
5 lever Mortise lock-latch 1
Mortise security dead lock with escutcheon
Bathroom Mortise lock with indicator and

1
extension release
Heavy duty roller latch
June 2004 Page 146 SP-1275

Table 36: Ironmongery Pack (contd.)
Heavy duty magnetic catch
Toilet indicator bolt extension release and pull lip 1
Back plate to suit lock with shaped levers and

1 1 1 1
fansorite spindle (pair)
150x19 ‘D’ handle with secret fixing 1 1 1
300x19 ‘D’ handle with secret fixing (pair) 2 2 2 2 2 2
Flush 75mm cabinet handle and batch set for

1
Squash Court
Panic latch with external cylinder lock and latch

knob
Overhead door closer with hydraulic check & 900

2 1
hold
One way medium duty floor spring (adjustable)

2 1
with 900 hold
Two way medium duty floor spring (adjustable)

2
with 900 hold
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 147 June 2004

Table 36: Ironmongery Pack (contd.)
Perko pneumatic closer with check action
Perko spring closer
200mm high kick plates, pair to suit 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
Coat hook – door stop 1
Wall mounted stop or floor stop 1 1 1
2 No. 150 flush lever bolts with anti dirt sockets 2 2 2
Limit stays
Push plate 1
‘M’ of ‘F’ indicator plate 1
Note: All Cylinder locks to have 5 individual keys, 3 Sub-Master keys per block/ floor, 2 Builders Master key, and 1 Grand Master.
June 2004 Page 148 SP-1275

Table 37: Typical Ironmongery
Building Room A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
ACC/1 BATH a
BED a
DINE a
DUCT a
ELEC a
EXTR
KTCH a
LNGE a
ST/K a
ACC/2 BATH a
BED a
DUCT a
ELEC a
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 149 June 2004

Table 37: Typical Ironmongery (contd.)
Building Room A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
ACC/2 EXTR
ST/K a
ACC/4 BATH a
BED a
ELEC a
EXTR
SERV a
ST/K a
STWL
WC a
ACC/5 BATH a
BED a
ELEC a
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 150 SP-1275

BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
ACC/5 EXTR
KTCH
LNGE a
SERV a
ST/K a
WC a
CON/1 - 3 CLNR a
ELE/1 & ALL a

ELE/2
EXTR
ELE/3 ALL a
EXTR
OFF a
WC
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 151 June 2004

GAR/1 EXTR
WC a
GAR/2 EXTR
OFF a
WC a
GAR/3 EXTR
ST/F
WC a
GUA/1 ALL a
EXTR
WC
HOS/1 BATH a
ST/M
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 152 SP-1275

HOS/1 EXAM a
OFF a
ST/H a
MORT a
BED a
PTRY a
RECP a
SL a
WC a
TRMT a
HOS/2 REDX a
WC a
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 153 June 2004

KIT/1/2/3 EXTR
KTCH a
LAB/1 & ALL

LAB/2
EXTR
OFF a
MES/1 BAR a
ST/L a
CLNR a
CORR a
DINE a
EXTR a
ICE a
KTCH a
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 154 SP-1275

LNGE a
RECP a
SERV a
MES/1
ST/K a
WC a
TV a
MES/2 & CLNR a

MES/3
CORR a
DINE a
EXTR a
ICE a
KTCH a
LNGE a
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 155 June 2004

RECP a
SERV a
MES/2 & ST/K a

MES/3
WC a
TV a
MOS/1 DOME
ENTR a
EXTR
PRAY a
WC a
MOS/2
OFF/1 To CORR a
OFF/3
ELEC a
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 156 SP-1275

OFF/1 TO ENTR a
OFF/3
EXTR a
OFF a
ST/G a
WC a
REC/5 ELEC a
PROJ a
STND a
WC a
REC/6 EXTR a
SCH/1 To ALL a
SCH/4
EXTR a
KTCH a
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 157 June 2004

SCH/1 TO SERV a
SCH/4
ST/G a
WC a
WKSP a
SHO/1 & /2 ALL a
EXTR a
SPO/1 ELEC a
EXTR a
SQCT a
WC a
VIEW
SPO/2 ALL a
EXTR a
WC a
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 158 SP-1275

SPO/3 & ALL a

SPO/4
KTCH a
EXTR a
WC a
STO/1 & ALL

STO/2
EXTR
WC a
STO/5 & /7 ST/E a
TEL/1 & ALL

TEL/2
EXTR
WC a
WAR/1 To EXTR
WAR/4
OFF a
WARE
SP-1275 Page 159 June 2004

Appendix K: Internal Environment Design Criteria
Room Temp Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Min Illumination
Building Room 0
C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h Rate NR Lux
Standard (Std) 24±2 45-60 10/pers - - -
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
BAR Std Std Std 10 40 200
BATH “ “ No 6 40 150
BED “ “ “ No 30 150
BTRY 10-30 No “ * 45 150
CANT Std Std Std 8 45 200

ALL
CHRM “ “ “ No 40 150
CLNR No No No “ 45 100
CLRM Std Std Std Std “35 300
CONF “ “ “ 6 35 300
CORR No “ No No 40 150
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 160 SP-1275

Appendix K: Internal Environment Design Criteria (contd.)
Room Temp Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Min Illumination
Building Room 0
C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h Rate NR Lux
Standard Rooms
CTRL Std “ Std “ 35 300
DARK “ “ No 6 35 *
ALL
DINE “ “ Std 8 40 200
ENTR “ “ No No 40 300
FILE “ “ “ “ 40 300
GYM “ “ Std “ 40 300
ICE “ “ “ “ 45 150
LBRY “ “ Std 3 35 300
LNGE “ “ Std 4 35 300
OFF1 “ “ “ 4 35 500
OFF2 “ “ “ 4 35 500
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 161 June 2004

Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Standard Rooms
OFF3 “ “ “ 4 35 750
PRAY “ “ “ No 35 150
PROJ “ “ No * 35 150
ALL
RECP “ “ “ No 40 300
RSNT “ “ Std 8 40 200
SHOP “ “ No No 40 300
SQCT “ “ “ “ 40 500
SERV “ “ “ “ 45 150
SH No No “ 6 45 150
ST/O “ “ “ No 45 150
SWGR 30+5 90 max “ “ 45 150
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 162 SP-1275

Building Room
Standard Rooms
TLET No No No 6 45 150
TV Std Std Std 6 35 200
UTIL “ “ No No 45 150
ALL
VIEW “ “ “ “ 40 150
WAIT “ “ “ “ 40 200
WC No No “ 6 45 150
ACC (ALL) KTCH Std Std No 6 40 300
ANC (ALL) BAKE 24+4 No * * 45 300
CDST 5±1 1“ No No 45 150
-18± 1??
DPFZ “ “ “ 45 150
(depends)
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 163 June 2004

Building Room
Standard Rooms
LDRY 24+4 “ * * 45 300
ANC (ALL) ST/K Std Std No No 40 150
ST/P “ “ “ “ 40 150
AUX Std Std No No 45 150

CON (ALL)
CTRL “ “ Std “ 40 300
HOSP (ALL) EXAM Std “ Std No 35 300
MORT “ “ No “ 40 150
RECP “ “ “ “ 40 300
REDX “ “ Std “ 40 300
ST/M “ “ No “ 40 150
TRMT “ “ “ “ 35 300
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 164 SP-1275

Building Room
Standard Rooms
WARD “ “ Std “ 35
HOSP (ALL)
XRAY “ “ “ “ 35 200
KTCH 24+4 90 max 80% 20 40 500
PTRY Std Std No No 40 150

KIT (ALL)
PREP “ “ “ 10 40 500
ST/K “ “ “ No 45 150
LAB (ALL) CORR Std Std No No 40 150
LABO “ “ 100% * 40 500
LABW “ “ 100% * 40 500
ST/B “ “ * * 45 150
ST/F “ “ * * 40 500
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 165 June 2004

Building Room
Standard Rooms
REC1 Std “ Std No 40 *
REC2 “ “ “ “ 40 500
MES (ALL)
ST/E “ “ No “ 40 150
ST/L “ “ “ “ 40 150
SCHO
KTCH Std Std No 6 40 300
(ALL)
ST/B No No * * 45 150
STO (ALL)
ST/C * Std No * 40 150
WAH (ALL) ST/F Std “ “ * 40 150
ST/H “ “ “ * 40 150
ST/M “ “ “ 6 40 150
ST/T 22±1 50±2 “ No 40 300
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 166 SP-1275

Building Room
Standard Rooms
ST/U Std Std “ “ 40 150

WAH (ALL)
WOR/1 WKSP Std Std Std No 40 300
WOR/2 WKSP No No No No 45 200
WOR/3 WKSP Std Std Std No 40 300
WOR/4 WKSP No No No 6 45 200
WOR/5 & /6 WKSP No No No No 45 200
Note: * = Project Specific Requirements
SP-1275 Page 167 June 2004

Appendix L: Electrical Requirements
Table 38: Legend for Electrical Requirements
Ref No Service Legend
E1 POWER OUTLET Qty Y = qty as rqd
E2 SHAVER OUTLET qty
E3 HAND DRYER qty
Y = qty as rqd
E4 LIGHTING BLD = external
ROOM = internal
A = automatic
E5 FIRE ALARM
M = manual
E6 EMERGENCY LIGHTING Y = qty as rqd
E7 NURSE CALL Y = qty as rqd
E8 TELEPHONE OUTLET Qty
E9 TELEVISION OUTLET Qty
E10 AIR-CONDITIONED Y = qty as rqd
E11 MECH VENTILATION Y = qty as rqd
E12 WATER HEATER Qty Y = qty as rqd
DRINKING WATER
E13 Qty Y = qty as rqd
COOLER
E14 COOKER Qty Y = qty as rqd
E15 REFRIGERATOR Qty Y = qty as rqd
E16 INSECTOCUTOR Qty Y = qty as rqd
Note: * = Means Special Application in the following pages under table 38
June 2004 Page 168 SP-1275

Table 39: Electrical Requirements Schedule
BUILDING ROOM E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14 E15 E16
Standard Rooms Y
ALL BAR Y Y M Y 1 Y Y
BTRY Y A * Y Y
CANT Y Y M Y Y Y
CHRM Y Y Y Y
CLNR Y Y Y
CLRM Y Y Y
CONF Y Y M Y Y Y
CORR Y Y A Y Y
CTRL Y Y M Y Y
DARK Y Y Y Y * Y
DINE Y Y M Y Y
ENTR Y Y A
FILE Y Y Y
GYM Y Y Y Y
SP-1275 Page 169 June 2004

Table 39: Electrical Requirements Schedule (contd.)
ICE Y Y Y
ALL
LBRY Y Y Y Y
LDRY Y Y M Y Y Y Y
LNGE Y Y M Y Y Y 1
OFF1 4 Y 1 1
OFF2 4 Y 2 1
OFF3 Y Y Y Y
PRAY Y Y Y
PROJ Y Y Y Y Y
RECP Y Y M Y Y Y 1
RSNT Y Y M Y 1 Y Y Y
SHOP Y Y 1 Y 1
SQCT Y Y 1 Y 1
SERV Y Y Y
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 170 SP-1275

Table 39: Electrical Requirements Schedule
ALL SH Y Y
ST/O Y Y Y
TLET Y Y Y Y
TV Y Y Y Y
UTIL Y Y
VIEW Y Y
WAIT Y Y Y
WC Y Y
ABL BLD Y M Y
ACC/1 & BLD Y Y

ACC/2
BATH 1 Y Y Y
BED 4 Y 1 1 Y
KTCH Y Y Y Y * 1
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 171 June 2004

ACC/3 BLD Y M Y Y
BATH Y Y Y
BED 1 Y 2 1 1 1
ACC/4 & /5 BLD Y M Y Y
BED 1 1 Y 2 1 1 1
AIR/1 BLD Y M
ANC (ALL) BLD Y M Y
BAKE Y Y A Y Y Y ?
CDST Y Y * Y *
DPFZ Y Y * Y *
LDRY Y Y Y Y
ST/K Y Y Y
ST/P Y Y Y *
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 172 SP-1275

CON (ALL) BLD Y M Y
AUX Y Y Y
CTRL Y Y Y Y
ELE (ALL) BLD Y M
EXP BLD Y * Y
FIR (ALL) BLD Y A Y
GAR (ALL) BLD Y M
GUA/1 BLD Y
HOS (ALL) BLD Y M Y
BATH Y 1 Y
BED 3 Y Y 2 2 1 1
EXAM 2 Y Y 1 1
MORT 2 Y 1
RECP 2 Y M Y Y 1 Y 1
REDX Y Y Y
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 173 June 2004

ST/M 1 Y Y Y
TRMT Y Y Y 1 Y
HOS/ALL WARD Y Y M Y Y 1 1 Y
WC Y 1 Y
XRAY Y Y 1 Y
KIT (ALL) BLD Y M Y
KTCH Y Y A Y Y * * * Y
PTRY Y Y Y
PREP Y Y M Y
ST/K Y Y
LAB (ALL) BLD Y M Y
CORR 1 Y A Y
LABO Y Y * Y Y *
LABW Y Y * Y Y *
(Contd.)
June 2004 Page 174 SP-1275

LAB (ALL) ST/B Y A *
ST/F Y A Y Y
MES (ALL) BLD Y M Y
REC Y Y Y Y
ST/E Y Y
ST/L Y Y
REC/1-/4 BLD Y M
REC/5 BLD Y M
REC/7 AREA Y M Y
ROS AREA Y
SCH/1-/3 BLD Y M Y
SHO/1 BLD Y M
SHO/2 BLD Y Y
SPO/1-/3 BLD Y M Y
SPO/5 AREA Y Y
(Contd.)
SP-1275 Page 175 June 2004

SPO/6 BLD Y M Y Y
SPO/7 AREA Y
STO/1 BLD Y A Y
STO/2 BLD Y M
STO/3 BLD Y A
STO/4 BLD Y M
STO/5-/7 BLD Y M
STO/8 AREA Y
TEL (ALL) BLD Y M Y Y
WAR/1 & /2 BLD Y M
WAR/3 & /4 BLD Y A
WOR (ALL) BLD Y M Y
June 2004 Page 176 SP-1275

Appendix M: SP User - Comment Form
SP User-Comment Form
If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in an SP, write your
comments and suggestions on this form. Send the form to the Document Control Section (DCS).
They make a record of your comment and send the form to the correct CFDH. The form has
spaces for your personal details. This lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your comments and
tell you about the decision.
SP Details Title Issue Date:
Number:
Page number: Heading Number: Figure Number:
Comments:
Suggestions:
User’s personal details
Name: Ref. Ind: Signature: Date:
Phone:
Document Control Section Actions
Comment Number: Dates CFDH
Recd: To CFDH: Ref. Ind:
CFDH Actions
Recd Date: Decision: Inits: Ref. Date:

Ind:
Reject:
Accept, revise at next issue:
Accept, issue temporary

amendment
Comments:
Originator Date: Inits: Document Control Date: Inits:

Advised: Section Advised:
SP-1275 Page 177 June 2004

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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

UNRESTRICTED Document ID: SP-1275

Specification for Civil & Building Works

Design Criteria Manual

Authorised For Issue June 2004

Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

Revision 1 April ‘95 BEZ/5 Updated to standard format

SP-1275 Page i June 2004

Authorised For Issue June 2004................................................................................................ i

1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 6

June 2004 Page ii SP-1275

2.8.1.3 Noise Requirements......................................................................................39

SP-1275 Page iii June 2004

2.16.2.1 Chiller compounds & Equipment............................................................... 70

June 2004 Page iv SP-1275

2.17.7.4 Fire Pumps ..................................................................................................83

SP-1275 Page v June 2004

Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials ....................................................... 120

June 2004 Page vi SP-1275

This specification is intended to:

- Disseminate and record facilities related information, experience and procedures.

1.2 User Guidelines

- Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes are revised.

- Tanking Details for the Concrete Protection Works are revised

1.3 Changes to the Specification

SP-1275 Page 1 June 2004

1.4 Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes

1.4.1 PDO Standards

PDO-ERD-00-01 : PDO Guide to Engineering Standards & Procedures

PDO-ERD-00-06 : Preparation & Content of Engineering Drawings

IP 15 : Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe Practice Part

SP-1273 : Specification for Civil & Buildings - ‘Standard Drawing

SP-1278 : Specification for Site Selection and Soil Investigation

SP-1274 : Specification for Civil & Building Construction -

SP-1279 : Specification for Civil & Building Construction

SP-1285 : Specification for Civil & Building’s Utility Services

SP-1280 : Specification for Swimming Pools – ‘Design &

SP-1281 : Specification for Roads – ‘Guide to Safe Road Works’

SP-1282 : Specification for Reinforced Concrete – ‘Production &

SP 1283 : Specification for Standard Sunshades – ‘Design

SP-1276 : Specification for Standard Control Building – ‘Design

SP-1099 : Specification for Electrical Installation Practice

SP-1104 : Specification for Electrical Safety Rules.

SP-1105 : Specification for Electrical Standard Drawings List.

SP-1109 : Specification for Earthing & Bonding.

SP-1110 : Specification for Electrical Supplies in Mobile Camps.

SP-1127 : Plant Equipment Layout Specifications

PDO-ERD-71-01 : Underground & Internal Telephone Cable Networks.

SP-1075 : Specification for Fire & Explosion Management

June 2004 Page 2 SP-1275

SP-1284 : Specification for Signs & Signboards – ‘Standard Signs

SP-1277 : Specification for Transportable Accommodation Units –

CP122 : Code of Practice for ‘Health, Safety & Environmental

SP-1231 : Health, Safety & Environment Specification

1.4.2 Omani Standards

Highway Design Manual : Sultanate of Oman - Ministry of

General Specification for Roads : Sultanate of Oman - Ministry of

Limits of Reuse & discharge of Waste Water : Ministry of Environment

Bye-Laws & Ordinances : Sultanate of Oman - Royal

Street Names & Property Numbering Signs : Sultanate of Oman – Capital

1.4.3 International Standards