Fluid

Power Formulas
Basic Formulas
Fluid Pressure Fluid Power

dYGOF (`YND]Q) AGFQQNGF `Q\ ? dIY… (@AB)
Pressure = Horsepower =
~D\E JGFH (QMNHGF \DOPFQ) a†am


Fluid Flow Rate
XYINˆF (@HIIYDQ)
Flow Rate =
~D\E ‰\ˆF(B\DNEF)

Fluid Formulas

Velocity Through Piping Compressibility of Oil

.;<=> ? @AB ALC ? XYI YZ [\I ND]FG AGFQQNGF
Velocity = Additional Volume=
CDEFGDHI JGFH (LMNHGF CDOPFQ) <^=,=== (H``GY?.)


Compressibility of a Fluid Specific Gravity of a Fluid

a hF\iPE YZ a jNk\O dE YZ dIN\]
Compressibility = Specific Gravity =
bNIc BY]NINQ YZ EPF dIN\] l<.m<>;


Valve Flow Factor
(GPM Specific Gravity)
Valve Factor=
Pressure Drop (∆PSI)

Viscosity in Centistokes
For Viscosities of 32 -100 Saybolt Universal Seconds:
a}m.m
Centistokes= . 2253x SUS −
L~L

For Viscosities of 100-240 Saybolt Universal Seconds:
a;m.l
Centistokes= . 2193 x SUS –
‚ƒ‚

For Viscosities greater than 240 Saybolt Universal Seconds:
‚ƒ‚
Centistokes =
m.l;^

Pump Formulas
Pump Outlet Flow Pump Input Power

•AB ? ANˆ` “\Q`IHOFˆFDE (jN.CD/•FZ.) dIY… •HEF [NE`NE @AB ? AGFQQNGF(ALC)
Flow= Horsepower =
<;a a†am —ZZ\O\FDO• ([•FGHII)


Pump Efficiency (Overall in Percent) Pump Efficiency (Volumetric in Percent)

–AYNE JOENHI dIY… •HEF (@AB)
Overall Efficiency = 𝑥 100 Volumetric Eff. = x 100
™š›œ ‰PFYGFE\OHI dIY… •HEF (@AB)
Overall Efficiency = Volumetric Eff. x Mechanical Eff.


Pump Efficiency (Mechanical in Percent) Pump Life B10 Bearing Life

Mechanical Eff. =
‰PFYGFE\OHI ‰YGMNF
x 100 Ÿš ¡ š‚¢£ ;
JOENHI ‰YGMNF B10= Rated Hrs x 𝑥
Ÿš œ š‚¢œ

Actuator Formulas

Cylinder Area Cylinder Force

Area= π x Radius2 F = P x A
Area= .7854 x Diameter2


Cylinder Velocity Cylinder Flow Rate

<;a ? dIY… •HEF (@AB) a< ? l= ? XFIYO\E• ? ŽFE JGFH
Velocity = Flow Rate =
a< ? l= ? ŽFE JGFH (QM.\D.) <;a


Cylinder Volume Capacity Cylinder Volume Capacity

• ? •H]\NQ ‘ \D. ? LEGYcF (\D.) JGFH \D.‘ ? LEGYcF (\D.)
Volume= Volume=
<;a <;a


Fluid Motor Torque

AGFQQNGF ? d.B. “\Q`IHOFˆFDE (jN .CD./•F•)
Torque=
<•

–YGQF`Y…FG ? l;=<^
Torque=
•AB



dIY… •HEF ? AGFQQNGF ? ;l.††
Torque=
•AB
Fluid Motor Torque/100 psi
‰YGMNF d.B. “\Q`IHOFˆFDE (jN .CD./•F•)
= .=l<>
a==


Fluid Motor Speed (Revolutions per Minute) Fluid Motor Power (Horsepower Output)

<;a ∗ @AB ‰YGMNF [NE`NE ? •AB
RPM = Horsepower =
“\Q`IHOFˆFDE (jN .CD./•F•) l;=<^

Thermal Formulas

Reservoir Cooling Capacity

Heat(BTU/HR) = 2.0 x Temp. Difference between Reservoir Walls and Air (F0) x Area of
Reservoir (Sq. Ft.)


Heat in Hydraulic Oil

Heat(BTU/HR) = Flow Rate (GPM) x 210 x Temp. Diff. (F0)


Heat in Fresh Water
Heat(BTU/HR) = Flow Rate (GPM) x 500 x Temp. Diff. (F0)

Accumulator Formulas

Pressure or Volume - Constant Temperature

P1V1= P2V2 Isothermic


Pressure or Temperature – Constant Volume

P1T2= P2T1 Isochoric




Volume or Temperature – Constant Pressure

V1T2= V2T1 Isobaric

Pressure or Volume - Temperature Change due to Heat of Compression

P1V1n = P2V2N
𝑇< 𝑉a ©ªa 𝑃< (©ªa)/©
= =
𝑇a 𝑉< 𝑃a

Volume and Capacity Formulas

Water at Max. Density

Cubic Cubic Liters U.S. Gallons Pounds Kilograms

Inches Centimeters of Water of Water
Cubic 1 16. 384 0.016384 0.004329 0.361275 0.0163872
Inches
Cubic 0.0610 1 0.001 .000264 0.0002205 0.0001
Centimeters
Liters 61.0234 0.001308 1 0.264170 2.20462 1

U.S. Gallons 231 0.004951 3.78543 1 8.34545 3.78543

Pounds of 27.6798 0.0005929 0.453592 0.119825 0.0998281 0.453593
Water