International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern

Engineering & Science (IJTIMES)

Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017), e-ISSN: 2455-2585
Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2018

A Review on Comparison of the Efficiency Scheduling Techniques for the

Construction Project
Shashank Yadav1, Dr. Hemant Sood2, Er.Vinod Kumar Sonthwal3 and Er. Sakib Perwez Khan4
1M.E.Student, Department of Civil Engg., National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research, Sector 26, Chandigarh. Email :shashank.civil16@nitttrchd.ac.in

2Professor, Department of Civil Engg., National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research, Sector 26, Chandigarh Email:mailto:sood_hemant@yahoo.co.in
3 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engg., National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research, Sector 26, Chandigarh Email::vksmail1970@rediffmail.com
4Assistant Professor, Chandigarh College of Engg. & Tech.-Degree Wing, Sector 26, Chandigarh Email :sakib786@ccet.ac.in

Abstract— Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management and execution of
construction projects. It involves the choice of technology. Majority of planning and scheduling techniques are based
on the logic of the construction process. The inappropriate scheduling method can easily result in failure to achieve
project goals. The construction planning objective is to minimize total construction cost, while respecting the time and
resource constraint of a project. It is important to understand different construction technique and their efficiency for
different construction project

Keywords— Repetitive Scheduling Method, Line Of Balance, Linear Scheduling Method, Construction Planning,
Critical Path Method

IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 1

 I. INTRODUCTION
Currently, the global construction industry is in severe slowdown upsetting developmental targets of economies across
the world .The Indian construction sector all of a sudden lost stream in last fiscal largely due to global turmoil.
Alternative methods and technologies can be used to maintain the pace , it may be necessary to formulate a number of
construction plans based on alternative methods or assumptions. Once the full plan is available, then the cost, time and
reliability impacts of the alternative approaches can be reviewed. A useful approach is to simulate the construction
process either in the imagination of the planner or with a formal computer based simulation technique. By observing the
result, comparisons among different plans or techniques with the existing plan can be identified
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Arditiet.al(1986)[1] Linear Scheduling Methods(LSM) are best suited to projects that display repetitive characteristics,
but their use in the construction industry is limited. Line-of-Balance (LOB) is a Linear Scheduling Method that also
makes use of network technology. Its benefits and shortcomings are investigated in a highway surface treatment project
where LOB has been used experimentally. It was determined that LOB is extremely sensitive to errors in man hour, crew
size, and activity duration estimates. LOB allows a better grasp of the project than any other scheduling technique
because it is possible to adjust activities rates of production. Rates of production can be modified to assure a smooth
flow of the resources in the most efficient way, all the time making sure that the logical sequence set in the unit network
is not altered.
Hoijat Adeli and Asim Karim (1997)[2]The general mathematical definition introduced for scheduling of the
construction projects and is applied to highway construction scheduling. Repetitive and non repetitive tasks, work
continuity constraints, multiple crew strategies, and the effects of varying job conditions on the performance of crew can
be modelled. An optimum formulation is presented for the construction project scheduling problem For any given
construction duration, the model yields the optimum construction schedule for minimum construction cost automatically.
By varying the construction duration one can solve the cost duration trade off problem and obtain the global optimum
schedule and the corresponding minimum construction cost. The new construction scheduling model provides the
capabilities of both the critical path method (CPM) and linear scheduling method (LSM) approaches.
David J. Harmelin and James E. Rowings, (1998)[3] There are few reasons why linear scheduling techniques had not
been applied widely to construction projects even though they had been recognized as extremely valuable. If we
consider the capabilities and the widespread use of critical-path method (CPM) in the construction industry, some of the
reasons why linear scheduling is not popular become evident. There is an abundance of highly developed CPM computer
applications available today. The reason for the shortage of applications was that linear scheduling typically has been
regarded as a visual technique lacking the analytical qualities of the CPM of scheduling.
Arditiet.al(2001)[4]An approach to formulate learning rates and include them in line-of-balance (LOB) calculations was
proposed. An S-type membership function is used to interpret the fuzzy data and produce adjustment factors that were in
turn used to modify consecutive learning rates, until an adjusted learning rate was obtained. The adjusted learning rate
was then used to calculate expected worker-hours and activity durations at each unit of production. A final LOB diagram
was generated using this information. Different pairs of curves represent the start and the finish times of each activity in
sets of units that make use of different numbers of crews.
Arditi et.al(2002)[5]The line-of- balance (LOB) method of scheduling is well suited to the projects that are composed of
the activities of the a linear and repetitive nature. The objective of this study is to set down the basic principle that can be
used in development of the computerized LOB scheduling system that overcomes the problem associated with existing
systems and creates solutions to problem encountered in the implementation of repetitive unit construction. the
challenges associated with LOB scheduling include developing an algorithm that handle project acceleration efficiently
and accurately,recognising time and space dependencies, calculating LOB quantities, dealing with resources and
milestone constraints, incorporating the occasional non-linear and discrete activities
Ibrahim M. Mahdi (2004)[6] Majority of these planning and scheduling techniques were based on the logic of
construction execution processes. These processes were sufficient to obtain the optimum plan for the repetitive housing
projects. In the current planning processes the number of the houses that could be constructed per cycle of repetition is
determined either by the contract project duration or the available resources in general new scheduling method for
repetitive housing, based on linear scheduling. The formwork was considered as the key resource that controls the
scheduling process. Analysis of the construction operation for any unit in the repetitive housing project reveals that
concrete works represent the major construction operation either from the time or cost point view LSM approach to
estimate the resources (crew or equipment) requirement.
K.C. Iyer and K.N. Jha (2006)[7] Over 40% of Indian construction projects are facing time overrun ranging from 1 to
252 months; the reasons for which are being studied by researchers to suggest possible remedial measures. It was
identifies 55 attributes responsible for impacting performance of the projects. These attributes were then presented to
Indian construction professionals in the form of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis of responses on the attributes
segregated them into distinct sets of success attributes and failure attributes. Factor analysis of sets of success attributes
and failure attributes separately grouped them into six critical success factors and seven critical failure factors. A second
stage questionnaire survey was also undertaken. The analyses of responses of the second stage questionnaire led us to
conclude that two success factors and one failure factor.
Marzouket.al (2006) [8] The framework (named Bridge Sim) that guides contractors in planning bridge deck
construction using computer simulation. The proposed framework estimates the time and cost required for construction
of bridge's decks. Seven construction methods were included in the proposed framework. These were: cast-in-place on
falsework, steel bridge construction, cantilever carriage, pre-cast balanced cantilever, deck pushing, stepping formwork,
and launching girder method. The framework estimates total duration and cost for each zone along with its sub-zones,
taking into account uncertainties inherited in tasks duration by allowing utilization probability density functions. It allows
defining different options and ranges of parameters that influence the duration and total cost associated with launching
girder construction method to carry out optimization analysis utilizing Ant Colony optimization.
Hegazyet.al,(2008)[9]The objective is to minimize total construction cost, while respecting the time and resource
constraints of a project. For flexibility, the model allows each activity to have three alternative construction methods,
from cheap and slow to fast and expensive. At the core of the model is a scheduling algorithm for resource assignment
along the high-rise floors so that work continuity is maintained while respecting the building’s vertical constraints and
the specific nature of the structural core activities .For cost optimization, the model uses a non-traditional optimization
technique, genetic algorithms, which suits large-scale problems.
Atilla Damci et.al (2013)[10] The use of an inappropriate scheduling method can easily result in failure to achieve
project goals. It is commonly claimed that linear scheduling methods such as LOB are more appropriate than CPM in
linear construction projects. Although some studies were conducted about resource management in linear scheduling,
resource levelling has not been adequately considered in LOB schedules. It was observed that the model provided a
smoother resource utilization histogram by minimizing the sum of the absolute deviations of the daily resource usage
from the average resource usage without an impact on required worker-hours. Assessing the impact of different objective
functions and probabilistic resource allocation, scenarios on resource levelling, developing a levelling model that can
handle multiple resources, and integrating time-cost trade-off into the model need to be explored in future research.

III. CONCLUSIONS
Through various studies conducted across the world, construction is vital both to Gross Domestic Product and to today's
politics. India is very behind in planning part and suffering huge loss every year. There is necessity to encourage and
implement proper planning in construction. Using different technique for different construction can be used .A proper
method can be used in implemented which would enhance productivity in time and resources .
.
REFERENCES
[1] David Arditi, M. ASCE and M, Zeki Albulak (1986)." Line-of-balance scheduling in pavement construction". Journal Of Construction Engineering
And Management
[2] Hoijat Adeli and Asim Karim (1997)." Scheduling/cost optimization and neural dynamics model for construction". Journal Of Construction
Engineering And Management
[3] David J. Harmelin and James E. Rowings,(1998). "Linear scheduling model: development of controlling activity path". Journal Of Construction
Engineering And Management
[4]David Arditi Onur Behzat Tokdemir & Kangsuk Suh(2001)."Effect of learning on line-of-balance scheduling"International Journal Of Project
Management vol 9 issue 5 page 265-277
[5]David Arditi M ASCE ,Onur Behzat Tokdemir & Kangsuk Suh(2001)."Challenges in Line of Balance Scheduling "International Journal Of Project
Management
[6] Ibrahim M.Mahdi(2004)." A new LSM approach for planning repetitive housing project" . International Journal Of Project Management
[7]K.C.Iyer and K.N.Jha (2006)."Critical factors affecting schedule performance: evidence from indian construction" Journal Of Construction
Engineering And Management vol 132 page no 871-881
[8]Mohamed Marzouk Hisham Zein Moheeb Elsaid (2006). "Bridge sim: framework for planning and optimizing bridge deck construction using
computer simulation". Ieee. Monterey, ca, usa.
[9]Tarek Hegazy M Asce Ehab Kamarah (2008). "Effcient repetitive scheduling for high-rise construction" . Journal Of Construction Engineering And
Management
[10]Atilla Damci, David Arditi and Gul Polat (2013). ”Resource Leveling in Line-of-Balance Scheduling”. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure
Engineering , 649-736.