What are the composite numbers from 1 to

100?
Composite numbers are those which are the product of at least two prime numbers. (It’s OK if
the prime factors of the number are repeated).

Prime numbers are those which have only two factors: The number 1, and the prime number
itself.

The number 1 is a unique case — it has only one factor (itself), and is thus not included in the set
of prime numbers.

In the range 1 to 100 inclusive, the list of prime numbers is as follows:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97.

Now start with a list of every number between 1 and 100 (inclusive). Remove the 1. Now
remove all of the primes (from the list shown above). What remains is a list of all of the
composite numbers:

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40,
42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75,
76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100.

Common Symbols Used in Set Theory

Symbol Meaning Example
{} Set: a collection of elements {1,2,3,4}
A∪B Union: in A or B (or both) C ∪ D = {1,2,3,4,5}
A∩B Intersection: in both A and B C ∩ D = {3,4}
A ⊆ B Subset: A has some (or all) elements of B {3,4,5} ⊆ D
A ⊂ B Proper Subset: A has some elements of B {3,5} ⊂ D
A⊄B Not a Subset: A is not a subset of B {1,6} ⊄ C
A ⊇ B Superset: A has same elements as B, or more {1,2,3} ⊇ {1,2,3}
A ⊃ B Proper Superset: A has B's elements and more {1,2,3,4} ⊃ {1,2,3}
A⊅B Not a Superset: A is not a superset of B {1,2,6} ⊅ {1,9}
Dc = {1,2,6,7}
Ac Complement: elements not in A
When = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
A−B Difference: in A but not in B {1,2,3,4} − {3,4} = {1,2}
a∈A Element of: a is in A 3 ∈ {1,2,3,4}
b∉A Not element of: b is not in A 6 ∉ {1,2,3,4}
∅ Empty set = {} {1,2} ∩ {3,4} = Ø
Universal Set: set of all possible values
(in the area of interest)

P(A) Power Set: all subsets of A P({1,2}) = { {}, {1}, {2}, {1,2} }
 A=B Equality: both sets have the same members {3,4,5} = {5,3,4}
Cartesian Product {1,2} × {3,4}
A×B
(set of ordered pairs from A and B) = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4)}
|A| Cardinality: the number of elements of set A |{3,4}| = 2

| Such that { n | n > 0 } = {1,2,3,...}

: Such that { n : n > 0 } = {1,2,3,...}
∀ For All ∀x>1, x2>x
∃ There Exists ∃ x | x2>x
∴ Therefore a=b ∴ b=a

Natural Numbers {1,2,3,...} or {0,1,2,3,...}

Integers {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

Rational Numbers

Algebraic Numbers

Real Numbers

Imaginary Numbers 3i

Complex Numbers 2 + 5i

Intersection

"Intersection" is when you must be in BOTH sets.

In our case that means they play both Soccer AND Tennis ... which is casey and drew.

The special symbol for Intersection is an upside down "U" like this: ∩

And this is how we write it:

Soccer ∩ Tennis = {casey, drew}

In a Venn Diagram:

Venn Diagram: Intersection of 2 Sets

Counting Numbers

Counting Numbers are Whole Numbers, but without the zero. Because you can't "count" zero.

So they are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (and so on).

Natural Numbers

"Natural Numbers" can mean either "Counting Numbers" {1, 2, 3, ...}, or "Whole Numbers" {0,
1, 2, 3, ...}, depending on the subject.

Integers

Integers are like whole numbers, but they also include negative numbers ... but still no fractions
allowed!

So, integers can be negative {-1, -2,-3, -4, -5, ... }, positive {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }, or zero {0}

We can put that all together like this:

Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }

Examples: −16, −3, 0, 1 and 198 are all integers.

(But numbers like ½, 1.1 and 3.5 are not integers)

These are all integers (click to mark), and they continue left and right infinitely:

© 2015 MathsIsFun.com v0.77

Some People Have Different Definitions!

Some people (not me) say that whole numbers can also be negative, which makes them exactly
the same as integers.

And some people say that zero is NOT a whole number. So there you go, not everyone agrees on
a simple thing!
My Standard

I usually stick to this:

Name Numbers Examples

Whole Numbers { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... } 0, 27, 398, 2345

Counting Numbers { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... } 1, 18, 27, 2061

Integers { ... -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... } -15, 0, 27, 1102

And everyone agrees on the definition of an integer, so when in doubt say "integer".

And when you only want positive integers, say "positive integers". It is not only accurate, it
makes you sound intelligent. Like this (note: zero isn't positive or negative):

 Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }

 Negative Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 }
 Positive Integers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }
 Non-Negative Integers = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... } (includes zero, see?)

Other Numbers
Whole Numbers

Whole Numbers are simply the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (and so on)

No Fractions!

Examples: 0, 7, 212 and 1023 are all whole numbers

(But numbers like ½, 1.1 and 3.5 are not whole numbers.)