Running Head: ACID-BASE TITRATION

University of Technology

General Chemistry Lab 1 (CHY2022)

Experiment #3: Standardizing a Solution of Sodium Hydroxide

Name: Davion Tracey

ID#: 1402673

Course of Study: B. Eng. Mechanical Engineering

Olando McLaughlin

ID#: 1401817

Course of Study: BSc Construction Engineering

Lecturer: Mrs. Barnett

Lab Session: Mondays 11 – 2 pm

Lab Date: February 11, 2019

Date of Submission: February 18, 2019

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Pre – Lab Exercise:

Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide needed to prepare 100 ml of 0.1 M solution.
# of moles
Molar concentration =
volume
Molar concentration = 0.1 M

Volume = 100 mL >> 0.1 L

# of moles = Molar concentration * Volume

# of moles = 0.1 * 0.1 = 0.01 moles

Given Mass
# of moles =
RMM
Given Mass = # of moles * RMM

Given Mass = 0.01 moles * 39.997 g/mole

Given Mass = 0.4 g

Calculate the mass of KHP needed to react completely with 25.00 Ml of a 0.1 M NaOH
solution. Consider the reaction equation to be as shown below.
HP-(aq) + OH-(aq) >> H2O (L) + p2-(aq)
Mole ratio = 1:1
# of moles
Molar concentration =
volume
Molar concentration = 0.1 M NaOH
Volume = 25 mL >> 0.025 L NaOH
# of moles = Molar concentration * Volume
# of moles = 0.1 mole/L * 0.025 L = 0.003 moles NaOH
Mole ratio = 1:1, therefore # of moles of KHP = 0.003 moles
Given Mass
# of moles =
RMM
Given Mass = # of moles * RMM

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Given Mass = 0.0025 mole * 204.23 g/mole

Given Mass = 0.51 g KHP
Table of Results:
Table 1: Showing Actual Mass and Molarity of NaOH Solution used for Titration.

Actual Mass of NaOH (g) Volume of NaOH (L) Target Molarity of NaOH (mol/L)

8.036 2 0.1

Table 2: Showing Mass of KHP and Volume of NaOH used to neutralise the KHP solution.
Mass of KHP Initial burette reading Final burette reading Equivalent point
Trial (g) (mL) (mL) (mL)
1 0.511 6 33 27
2 0.5093 6 33 27

Data Analysis:
1. Calculate the molarity (i.e. the target molarity) of NaOH you prepared based on the
actual mass and volume used.

# of Moles
Molar concentration =
Volume

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
# of moles =
𝑅𝑀𝑀

8.036
# of moles = = 0.2009 moles of NaOH
39.997

Volume of NaOH = 2L

0.2009 moles
Molar concentration of NaOH = = 0.1 M (Target Molarity)
2L

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2. Calculate the number of moles of KHP used to neutralize the NaOH solution for
both trials. Do not average.

Trial 1:

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
# of moles =
𝑅𝑀𝑀
0.5110 𝑔
# of moles = = 0.002502 moles of KHP
204.23 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

Trial 2:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
# of moles =
𝑅𝑀𝑀
0.5093 𝑔
# of moles = = 0.002494 moles of KHP
204.23 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

3. Determine the number of moles of NaOH titrated based upon the reaction with
KHP for both trials.
Trial 1:
HP-(aq) + OH-(aq) >> H2O (L) + p2-(aq
Based on the above equation the mole ratio of KHP to NaOH is 1:1.
Therefore it takes the same number of moles of NaOH to react with KHP for complete
neutralization to occur.

# of moles of NaOH = 0.002502 moles

Trial 2:
HP-(aq) + OH-(aq) >> H2O (L) + p2-(aq
Based on the above equation the mole ratio of KHP to NaOH is 1:1.
Therefore it takes the same number of moles of NaOH to react with KHP for complete
neutralization to occur.

# of moles of NaOH = 0.002494 moles

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4. Calculate the molarity (i.e. the actual molarity) of NaOH for both trials, based on
your titration data, i.e. moles and volume of NaOH. Average both molarities at this
point.

Trial 1:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
# of moles =
𝑅𝑀𝑀
0.5110 𝑔
# of moles = = 0.002502 moles of KHP
204.23 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

HP-(aq) + OH-(aq) >> H2O (L) + p2-(aq

Based on the above equation the mole ratio of KHP to NaOH is 1:1.
Therefore it takes the same number of moles of NaOH to react with KHP for complete
neutralization to occur.

# of moles of NaOH = 0.002502 moles

# of Moles
Molar concentration of NaOH =
Volume

Volume of NaOH used for Trial 1 = 27 mL >> 0.027 L

0.002502 moles
Molar concentration = = 0.093 M (Actual Molarity)
0.027 L

Trial 2:

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
# of moles =
𝑅𝑀𝑀
0.5093 𝑔
# of moles = = 0.002494 moles of KHP
204.23 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

HP-(aq) + OH-(aq) >> H2O (L) + p2-(aq

Based on the above equation the mole ratio of KHP to NaOH is 1:1.
Therefore it takes the same number of moles of NaOH to react with KHP for complete
neutralization to occur.

# of moles of NaOH = 0.002494 moles

# of Moles
Molar concentration of NaOH =
Volume

Volume of NaOH used for Trial 1 = 27 mL >> 0.027 L

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0.002494 moles
Molar concentration = = 0.092 M (Actual Molarity)
0.027 L

Average Molarity of NaOH used = (0.093 + 0.092)/2 = 0.093 M (Actual Molarity)

5. Exercise: Compare the actual molarity of your NaOH solution with that of your target
molarity. Suggest reasons for any difference (If any). Account for the difference.

Actual Molarity = 0.093 M

Target Molarity = 0.1 M

(0.1 – 0.093)
Percentage difference = ∗ 100 = 7%
0.1

Based on the percentage difference calculated between the actual and target molarity the
results obtained are considered accurate seen that the percentage difference is small. The
difference however can be accounted for base on the fact that NaOH is a hydroscopic
substance meaning that it will absorb water from the air when exposed to it which in turn
will affect the dry weight of the substance. NaOH also when exposed to air reacts with
the carbon dioxide in the air to form sodium carbonate, this means that sodium hydroxide
whether in the solid form or in solution will lose its strength with time and the degree of
exposure to air hence the reason for the small difference obtained. It’s because of these
properties of NaOH why there is a need to standardize the solution, which was the aim of
this experiment.