3/31/2019 Chapter 09/10 Homework

Chapter 09/10 Homework

Due: 1:59pm on Wednesday, February 13, 2019
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Multiple Choice 9.29

Part A
Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?

ANSWER:

It only arrests growth of vegetative cells.

It is harmless to humans.

It is inexpensive.

It acts quickly.

It is stable during storage.

Correct

Multiple Choice 9.30

Part A
Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?

ANSWER:

Endospores are very simple structures and easy to detect.

Endospores are very hard to kill.

Endospores are easy to store in the lab until needed.

Endospores are composed of all the molecules found in living cells.

Endospores of different bacteria are destroyed at different temperatures and can be used to calibrate autoclave
temperatures.

Correct

Multiple Choice 9.25

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3/31/2019 Chapter 09/10 Homework

Part A
Which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
ANSWER:

ethylene oxide

triclosan

formaldehyde

calcium hypochlorite

hydrogen peroxide

Correct

Chapter 10 Pre-Lecture Quiz Question 6

Part A
Bacitracin blocks the transport of NAG and NAM across the cytoplasmic membrane to the cell wall. Like other antimicrobials
that block cell wall synthesis, this would result in weak cell walls and __________.

Hint 1. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Agents

Recall that in bacteria, cell walls help resist environmental stresses.

ANSWER:

the inability to synthesize flagella

cell lysis due to the effect of osmotic pressure

less protein synthesis

inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Correct

Chapter 10 Pre-Lecture Quiz Question 9

Part A
Why do antimicrobial agents active against mycobacteria have to be administered for months or years rather than the typical
10-30 days prescribed to treat other infections?
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3/31/2019 Chapter 09/10 Homework

Hint 1.

Recall that bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium have complex cell walls with unique lipid components.

ANSWER:

They are too toxic to be used on a more rapid administration schedule.

Mycobacteria reproduce very slowly.

Mycobacteria do not have cell walls.

The only available agents are relatively ineffective drugs.

Correct
Mycobacteria take 12-24 hours to reproduce, in part due to their complex cell walls. Therefore, drugs against
these bacteria must be administered over long periods of time.

Chapter 10 Post-Lecture Quiz Question 3

Part A
Polymyxin is effective against only some Gram-negative bacteria; therefore, it is considered a __________.

Hint 1. Clinical Considerations in Prescribing Antimicrobial Drugs

The number of kinds of pathogens a drugs acts on is considered its spectrum of action.

ANSWER:

host-specific drug

broad-spectrum drug

narrow-spectrum drug

intermediate-spectrum drug

Correct

Chapter 10 Pre-Lecture Quiz Question 2

Part A

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3/31/2019 Chapter 09/10 Homework
Which of the following is NOT a direct mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?

Hint 1. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action

Recall that antimicrobial drugs tend to target major pathogen cellular processes or structures, especially ones that
are different from the cellular processes or structures of the host.

ANSWER:

inhibition of protein synthesis

inhibition of flagella formation

inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Correct
Antimicrobial drugs can inhibit protein or nucleic acid synthesis and can also inhibit the formation of the cell wall.
Inhibition of flagella formation might be an indirect result of the action of some antimicrobial drugs, but it is not a
direct target.

Chapter 10 Pre-Lecture Quiz Question 7

Part A
An antimicrobial disk on a Kirby-Bauer plate that shows no zone of inhibition indicates that the microbe being tested is
__________ to the drug.

Hint 1.

Recall that the size of the zone of inhibition is related to the effectiveness of the drug.

ANSWER:

intermediate

susceptible

synergistic

resistant

Correct
A zone of inhibition measures the effectiveness of a drug; a disk with no zone at all would clearly indicate a
microbe resistant to that drug.

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3/31/2019 Chapter 09/10 Homework

Chapter 10 Post-Lecture Quiz Question 10

Part A
If the MBC for a particular drug is 16 μg/ml, which of the following serial dilutions of the drug is likely to be the MIC?

Hint 1.
Recall that MBC stands for the minimum bactericidal concentration and it represents the lowest concentration of a
drug that is required to kill the microbe being tested.

ANSWER:

1.6 μg/ml

8 μg/ml

24 μg/ml

32 μg/ml

Correct
If 16 ??????g/ml is a bactericidal concentration of the drug, then a bacteriostatic concentration (reflected by the
MIC value) would be expected to be lower. Typically, it would be the next lowest concentration of the drug in the
serial dilutions being tested.

Chapter 9 Pre-Lecture Quiz Question 6

Part A
Put the following microbes in order of their resistance to antimicrobial agents, from least to most resistant: a. prions b.
enveloped viruses c. mycobacteria d. Gram-negative bacteria

Hint 1.

Think about the reasons some microbes are very resistant to control agents while others are not resistant at all.

ANSWER:

b, c, d, a

b, d, c, a

a, d, c, b

a, c, b, d

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3/31/2019 Chapter 09/10 Homework

Correct
Enveloped viruses are the least resistant microbes on this list, followed by Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria,
and prions.

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 100%.
You received 2 out of a possible total of 2 points.

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