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ABSTRACTION
Your experience of the words and the graphs convinces you that a graph is easier
to understand than the words of a paragraph.
A. DRAWINGS
A drawing may not be the real thing but better to have a concrete visual aid
than nothing. To avoid confusion it is good that our drawing correctly represents
the real thing.
B. CARTOONS
A first-rate cartoon tells its story metaphorically. The perfect cartoon needs no
caption. The less the artist depends on words the more effective the symbolism.
The symbolism conveys the message.
C. STRIP DRAWINGS
These are commonly called comics or comic strips. Make uses of strips that
are educational and entertaining at the same time.
D. DIAGRAMS
“Diagram is any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as of parts
to the whole relative values origins and development, chronological fluctuations
distributions etc.” (Dale 1969).
Types of Diagram
Affinity Diagram - used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data into natural
and meaningful groups.
Tree Diagram - used to chart out, in increasing detail, the various tasks that must
be accomplished to complete a project or achieve a specific objective.
Fishbone Diagram - It is also called cause-and-effect diagram. It is a structured
form of brainstorming that graphically shows the relationship of possible causes
and subcauses directly related to an identified effect/problem.
E. CHARTS
F. GRAPHS
Depicts the relation between certain sets of numbers or quantities by means of a
series of dots, lines, etc., plotted with reference to a set of axes.
Examples of Graph
• Pie or Circle Graph - recommended for showing parts of whole.
• Bar Graph - used in comparing the magnitude of similar items at different ties or
seeing relative sizes of the parts of a whole.
• Pictorial Graph - make use of picture symbols.
G. MAPS