Oxygen Requirement

a). Theoretical Oxygen Requirement

(So-S)/BODu » 0.68

O2 (mg)/MLVSS (mg) = 1.42

b). Standard Oxygen Requirement (SOR) under Field Conditions

C ¾ minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration required in aeration tank

a ¾ coefficient to account for effect of mixing intensity and tank geometry

b ¾ coefficient of effect of salinity and solid in waste water on DO concentration

CS,20 ¾ saturation of oxygen in tape water at 20°C

C = 3 mg/l

a = 0.9

b = 0.85

CS,20 = 9.1 mg/l

Pb, pressure at depth of disc diffuser (15.0 ft)

Generally, oxygen transfer efficiency with diffuser system is about 10%, which can be used to
approximately atmosphere pressure to 0.9 atm. More information will be available from a table
at the bottom of this page.

Pb = 1 + 15/33.9 = 1.44 atm

CSa = CST[Pb + (1 - 0.1)]/2 (mg/l)

 CS25 = 8.34 (mg/l), oxygen solubility at field condition of 25oC

CSa = 8.34[1.44 + (1 - 0.1)]/2 = 9.75 (mg/l)

Normally average temperature in aeration tank = 25°C

c). Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate of Aeration System

System Oxygen Transfer Efficiency (%)

Fine bubble diffusers, total floor coverage 20 ~ 32
Fine bubble diffusers, side-wall installation 11 ~ 15
Jet aerators (fine bubble) 22 ~ 27
Static aerators (medium-size bubble) 12 ~ 14
Coarse bubble diffusers, wide band pattern 6~8
Coarse bubble diffusers, narrow band pattern 4~6

d). Air Volume Required

Air specific weight = 0.075 lb/ft3

Percent of oxygen by weight = 23.2%

Consider safety factor » 2.0 for diurnal peak oxygen loading (Ten State Standard) and
40°C in summer situation.

Design Qair,dV = 2.0 Qair = 2.0 × 5,113,220 = 10,226,440 ft3/day

Qair,d for each tank = 10,226,440/4 = 2,556,610 ft3/day

e). Check Volume of Air Required per Lb BOD Removed

 which is > 1,500 ft3/lb BOD5 for peak hourly BOD5 loading

f). Check Agitation Requirement

>30, ok for the design.

Aeration System - Diffuser System

1). Arrangement of diffuser system along width of each tank

Select TYPE B-1 Swing-Fuser Aeration & disc fuser (orifice 15/32") along width of each
tanks

Total No. of disc fuser per tank = 144, 6 disc fuser / aerator tube

Select 3 rows double side Swing-Fuser aerators, aerator tube No. / row = 6, aerator tube
No. / each side of row = 3

Select 2 rows single side Swing-Fuser aerators, disc fuser No. / row = 3

Longitudinal space between center of row = L / space No. = 62 / 4 = 15.5 ft

Width space between center of row = W / space No. = 31 / 4 = 7.75 ft

2). Aerator's free air rate and head loss

 Air of double side aerators = 74 × 2 = 148 CFM

Head loss of aerators: from CFM-PSI-# chart

Gauge pressure on aerator » 15 / 33.9 = 0.44 Atm = 6.5 Psi

Single aerator head loss from chart (use7 Psi) Hsingle = 0.56 in H2O

Double aerator head loss from chart (use7 Psi) Hdouble = 3 in H2O = 0.1 Psi

3). Disc fuser free air rate and head

Air rate of disc fuser = Air of single aerator tube / No. of disc fuser per aerator tube

= 74 / 6 = 12.3 CFM

From chart CFM-Orifice-Submergence-H

Hdisc fuser = 8.2 in H2O = 0.3 Psi

Piping System

1). Arrangement of air header pipe

From blower to aeration tank, pipe length = 100 ft, D = 18 ", V= 3,300 fpM

Distribution Header D = 18", Length = 62 ft

Branch of Air Header d = 12", Length = 96 ft

2). Total friction head loss from blower to last branch header

Find hbranch/100 ft from Chart CFM-D-Temperature-Gauge Pressure-H(CFM-D-T-P-H

chart)

T °F = 9/5 ×25°C + 32 » 80 °F

Gauge pressure > 6.5 (depth)+ 0.1(Swig aerator) + 0.3(diffuser)» 7 Psi

Select gauge pressure of blower » 8 Psi

Branch Header:
H12" = hbranch × L = 0.28"/100 × 96 = 0.27"

Division header, d = 16"

For Q = 3,550 CFM

H14" = 0.66" × 0.31 = 0.20" (H2O)

For Qair = 3 × 1,775 CFM = 5,325 CFM

H14" = 0.65"/100 × 31 = 0.20" (H2O)

Main Header , Q = 10,226,440/24 × 60 = 7,100 CFM

H18" = 0.64"/100 × 100 = 0.64"

Total head loss Ht = 0.64 + 0.20 + 0.20 + 0.27 = 1.31" » 0.05 Psi

3. Total Fitting Head Loss

Le ¾ equivalent length(ft)

C ¾ hydraulic head coefficient

D ¾ diameter of fittings(in)

Item D No. C Le(ft) Q (CFM) H (in)

18" 2 0.25 23 7,100 0.15
Gate valve
12" 1 0.25 14 1,775 0.04
Elbow 12" 2 0.33 18 1,775 0.05
14" 1 0.42 28 3,550 0.18
16" 1 0.42 33 5,325 0.21
Tee
12" 4 0.42 92 1,775 0.24
18" 1 0.42 38 7,100 0.24
Check valve 18" 1 2.00 250 7,100 1.60
Total 2.77

S hi = 2.71 in H2O = 0.1 Psi

 4. Air filter and silencer

At blower inlet: Series F64, provide 16 dB ~ 20 dB noise reduction and 98% removal
efficiency

on 10 micron particles.

Select 4 F64-8, Air rating < 1,800 CFM

Pressure drop = 2.5 in H2O = 0.09 Psi

At blower outlet: BMSI silencer

5. Total head loss in piping system

D H = 0.09 + 0.1 + 0.05 = 0.24 Psi

Aeration System - Blowers

- Provided in multiple units for varying the volume of air delivered in proportion to the load demand of
plant and arranged in such capacity as to meet the maximum air demand with the single largest unit out of
service. Consider blower capacity at 40°C and power required in winter.

Types of blower:

 Centrifugal: for higher capacity (>3,000 ft3/min) and lower pressure 7 ~ 9 psi, adjustable flow by
throttling inlet
 Rotary positive displacement: for lower capacity (<3,000 ft3/min) and higher pressure > 8 Psi,
more noise and adjustable flow by variable speed driver
 Air filter: remove impurities to prevent diffuser internal clogging
 Silencer: installed at both inlet and discharge pipe of blowers
 Piping: From blower outlet to diffuse aerator inlet and sized such that headloss not exceed 0.5 psi
at average operation.

Fiction headloss: HL = f L/D hv

hv=(v/1096)2 ra
ra ¾ specific weight of air at operation temperature and pressure, lb/ft3
V ¾ air velocity in pipe, ft/min
f ¾ friction factor
L/D ¾ length and diameter of pipe
Usually, use HL-D-Q chart to calculate HL, hi and D
Fitting head loss: calculated by using equivalent length Le
Le = 55.4 Ci D1.2
Ci - depends on types of fittings

a). One blower for one basin peak requirement:

Air/each tank = 2,556,610 CFD = 1775.4 CFM = 1,800 cm < 3,000 CFM

Four blowers for system peak requirement: Air = 4 × 1,800 = 7,200 CFM > 7,100 CFM

Two blowers for system average requirement: Air = 7,200/2.0 = 7,200/2 = 3,600 CFM

One more blower spared for maintenance

Total blower number = 5

Required pressure = Depth + diffuser + aerator + piping = 6.5 + 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.24 = 7.14
Psi

Consider cold winter:

b). Select rotary positive displace blower ¾ Type 8PDR (Denver Compressor)

8 PDR: 8 Psi, 1,800 CFM