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1. Introduction
Osteoarthritis is a syndrome that has many clinical manifestation,
that differ from a patient to another patient. European Society for Clinical
BAB II
1. Definition
Osteoarthritis is chronic
arthritis that features the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of
one or more joints. This disease may present differently in men and
inactivity. It is probably not a single disease but represents the final end
arthritis, which commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and large weight-
2. Epidemiology
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint disease in
men and 2.9% of women and osteoarthritis of the knee in 0.8% of men and
women than in men. The highest prevalence for osteoarthritis is seen in the
cervical spine, the lumbar spine and the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP).
the prevalence does not exceed 20% in the elderly aside from in the
cervical and lumbar spine and DIP and, in women, the joints of the hands
and the knees. The incidence of osteoarthritis increases with age, and
women have higher incidences than men, especially after age 50. 2,3
3. Pathogenesis
osteoarthritis risk, in some cases, for many years. The new framework for
provided the first set of targets for therapeutic approaches that extend
beyond pain relief and surgical repair to true modification of the disease
4. Etiology
Osteoarthritis is divided into primary OA and secondary OA.
increased, and soon the protein of cartilage will degenerate. Here some
disease or condition that affect joints. Some causes that proved to be main
tension only;
chondrocyte).
e. the bursae.
6. Diagnosis
Diagnosis of osteoarthritis is described by clinical findings and also
are osteophytes, narrowing of the joint space due to articular cartilage loss
soreness is often noticed when the patient move certain joints repetitively
or when the patients been inactive for a prolonged period. The pain in
constant. The affected joints may also be stiff or creaky and occured most
people develop bony enlargements in the fingers, which may or may not
cause pain. In the later stages patient will aso experience limitation of
ROM and some will have deformity that restrict daily activity. Effusion,
instability. 2,3,4
8.
Additional Examination
Laboratory Findings
There are no pathognomonic laboratory findings for OA. Laboratory
treatment to stop the erosion of cartilage in the joints, but there are ways to
flexibility and strengthen the muscles around the affected joints. The
therapist may also apply hot or cold therapies such as compresses to
ways to relieve pain in the knee or hip joints is to shed a few pounds of
weight.1,2
Pharmacotherapy
relieving creams or sprays can also help when applied directly to the sore
area.2,3
Exercise
Diet
to reduce the intake of foods high in satyrated fat. Another suggested diet
is consuming more food containing antioxidant that can be found in food
with high vitamin A, C, and E. Vitamin D is also essential for bone and
Surgery
severe OA and need to replace a damaged joint with an artificial one. The
knee and hip are the joints that are replaced most often. 2,3
References
Health
2. Arden, Nigel et al. 2018. Atlas of Osteoarthritis 2nd ed. European
Care.
3. Mahajan et al. Osteoarthritis. 2005. Journal of The Association of