A

Project Report on

“ STUDY OF THE ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGY”.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of
Degree of Master of Management Studies (MMS)
Under University of Mumbai.

Submitted By:
MR. KARAN VINOD BHOIR
Reg. No-172081045
BATCH: 2017-2019

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. ABHIJEET SALUNKE

A.C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES

& RESEARCH
PLOT NO – 17, SECTOR- 4, KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI – 410210

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 COLLEGE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Karan Vinod Bhoir, Reg. No.- 172081045 student of Masters of
Management Studies (MMS) has undergone and completed his project report "STUDY OF
ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGY" is a partial fulfilment of requirement of award of degree of
Masters of Management Studies (MMS) from University of Mumbai, academic year (2017-
2019)

Prof. Abhijeet Salunke Dr. N. Mahesh Dr. D. G.Borse

(Project Guide) (Professor and Head) (Director)

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 GUIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Karan Vinod Bhoir, Reg. No-172081045, student of Masters of
Management Studies (MMS) has undergone his project report "STUDY OF ELEVATOR
SYSTEM" as a partial fulfilment of requirement of award of degree of Masters of Management
Studies (MMS) from University of Mumbai, academic year (2017-2019).

Place : Prof. Abhijeet Salunke

Date : (Project Guide)

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project report entitled " STUDY OF ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGY
" is a record of work carried by me under the guidance of Prof. Abhijeet Salunke as a partial
fulfilment of requirement of the degree of Masters of Management Studies (MMS)

I also hereby declare that this project report is a result of my own effort and not being submitted
at any time to any other university or intimate for the award of my Degree on Diploma.

Place: KARAN V. BHOIR

Date

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. D. G. Borse, Director, A C Patil College of
Engineering and Management Research for providing me with this opportunity.

Special thanks to my mentor Prof. Abhijeet Salunke who provided me with all the useful
information during this project development who gave his valuable inputs and support
throughout the project and also helped me write this report.

Finally I would like to thank our esteemed institute "AC Patil College of Engineering and
Management Research" for the opportunity.

"This Project is not a result of an individual effort but it is a product of collective wisdom".

Karan Vinod Bhoir

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Escon was established in the year 1990 and is one of the fastest growing companies having in-
house R & D and manufacturing facilities .
It is a Private Limited company having a blend of professionals and technocrats. They have done
extensive market studies in the elevators business and have invaluable insight into the strengths
and weakness of the elevators of different makes offered by both indigenous and multinational
company.Escon Elevators Pvt. Ltd. mainly include assembly of elevator parts brought from
various vendors for elevators formation .They generally do not export their elevators directly to
public, they has list of suppliers from throughout india. Basic fundamental of company is to
provide elevators on demand of suppliers.
Escon has various department for assembly of elevators parts as purchase department,
warehouse department and quality control department, quality control department is based on
inspection reports provided by tax invoice which varifies quantity of order by GRN on basis of
qc report it is decided that whether part forward department or should return to suppliers.
Purchase department buys raw material, spare parts, services as required by company or
organisation. It has several division like mechanical , fabrication, electrical and electronics which
help in scanning ,preparing data of PO Warehouse department has parts of elevators given by
vendors basically it is department to store the parts or material unless an until there is no order
from supplier for making elevators for particular company or institute.
Here I am focusing on processing of elevators in warehouse department which include two
processes inward and outward .Warehouse inward process is used in replenishing the stock
which in turn is an important part of warehouse management. GRN or Good receive note is made
in which the quantity reached to warehouse is mentioned. Along with these goods an invoice is
also received sent by the vendor. Outward processing means that Union goods may be
temporarily exported from the customs territory of the Union in order to undergo processing
operations.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

 Declaration from student
 Certificate from Company/Organization
 Certificate from Guide
 Acknowledgement
 List of Graphs
 Executive Summary
1 Introduction 8
 Background of the study 9
 Background of the topic 10
 Types of Warehouse 10
 Function of Warehouse 11
 An Overview of an Indian Market 12
 Company Profile 13
 Overview 14
 Corporate Culture 14
 Value and Beliefs 14
 Mission 14
 Aim 15
 Values 15
 Supported Initiative 15
 Milestone 16
 Insight 16
 Innovations 17
 Need of the Study 19
 Scope of the Study 19
 Objectives 20
2 Research Methodology 21-35
 Field Work 22
 Types of Elevators 22
 Parts of Elevators 26
 Warehouse Management System 33
 Primary Data 35
 Secondary Data 35
 Sample design 35
 Population 35
3 Sampling method 36-43
 Method of data collection 36
 Data processing and analysis 37
 Data Analysis 37
 Sales Order 41
4 Findings 44
5 Conclusion and Recommendations 45-46
Bibliography 47

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 Appendices/Annexure 48
A Questionnaires 48

List of Graphs / Charts

Chart No. Title Page No.

3.1 Customer Relation 36

3.2 Procure material again 36

and
Again
3.3 Time take to address your 37

Questions
3.4 words would you use to 37
describe our products
3.5 Satisfaction with our 38

Company
3.6 quality of your customer 38

service experience
3.7 recommend this company 39
to
a friend or colleague

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 CHAPTER – I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

An elevator is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between

floors of a building, vessel, or other structure. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors
that either drive traction cables and counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid
to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.

An elevator is a mechanism for moving people and freight from level to level in a
building or any other structure. The first elevator-like structure was built in 236 BC by the
Archimedes. This construction was a hoist operated by ropes and pulleys. However, the first
pragmatic elevator was not developed until the 19th century. Though sensible, this elevator has
been modified many times throughout the course of history and is still updated with all of the
new advancements in math and technology. From the start of the production of elevators through
today, there have been numerous and boundless improvements made on their structure and how
they operate: all due to the advancement. The first elevator developed was known as a manual
elevator. This system of elevators used “relay logic”. Relay logic was a simple wiring based on
circuits. This type of elevator did not transfer people from one level to another, only cargo. The
second type of elevators was developed in the 1800s. These elevators were powered by steam. At
first, these elevators were used solely to transport freight in factories and ore in mines.
Unfortunately, these elevators required a safety device to restrain the elevator from dropping if it
is supporting cable broke, and this had not been invented yet. Eventually, this necessity was
discerned and acted upon. In 1852, Elisha Graves Otis designed the first safety contrivance for
elevators. This device was a system involving spring-operated cams that affianced the guide rails
in the elevator shaft when the cable broke. This secured the elevator from subsiding which
enabled steam powered elevators to be used for transporting people along with cargo. This new
use was caused by the precautions taken in improving the safety of steam powered elevators. It
was first used for people in 1857 in New York’s own ‘Haughwout’ department store. This
edifice was driven by steam power: unlike the manual elevator it had the capability of
transporting people from floor to floor. Though this was a major amplification in the
manufacturing of elevators, technology and mathematics were still improving allowing for even
more types of ameliorated elevators to take the place of those already produced.

As mathematics advanced, the third type of elevators was formulated. This being the hydraulic
elevator was the first practical elevator with semblance to those of today’s time. The concept of
hydraulics is somewhat based on Pascal’s Law. This stated that pressure exerted upon a liquid is
transmitted in all directions at the same magnitude.

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1.2 Background of the topic
My research idea of studying different warehousing solutions that focuses on
incorporating new technologies was formed during my study of warehouse department. I
have been taking part in different supply chain courses and warehousing management
became my primary interest. As a result of multiple group projects and individual studies
related to warehousing solutions, I have gradually started to gain more personal interest in
the subject of how advanced technologies can be embraced and applied to warehouses for the
aim of increasing the efficiency in both cost and environmental aspects.

1.3 Types of warehouses

Warehouses share a single idea: storing goods. However, depending on who operates the
warehouse it may differ. Warehouses can be classified into five different types including:
private warehouses, public warehouses, government warehouses, bonded warehouses and
cooperative warehouses. (NIOS, 2015)
1. Private warehouses- Private warehouses are owned and administrated by the private
manufacturers. Theses warehouses are designe
2. d specifically to store the products with consideration of their nature such as adequate
temperature level or lighting.
3. Public warehouses- The government may regulate the operations of these warehouses.
Manufacturers, ex- porters, importers, government agencies or wholesalers mostly use
such warehouses. An individual, a firm or company can own one too.
4. Government warehouses - These warehouses are owned, ran, and controlled by the
government. They are used for storing government properties.
5. Bonded warehouses - These warehouses are maintained and controlled by both the
government and private entities. Private entities are required to acquire a license from
the government to operate such warehouses. Generally, harbor and dock authorities own
these warehouses in order to store imported goods that need to be paid duty taxes.
6. Co-operative warehouses - These warehouses are owned and managed by co-operative
societies. These ware- houses are designed to be economical so that the members of the
society can have access to it.

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1.4 Functions of warehouses
Warehousing operation is, as logistics and SCM receive more attention from the top
management due to realization of more added-value after streamlining such operations,
becoming more important to the businesses. Warehousing is generally, in large,
integrated and dependent on other supply chain activities. Key fundamentals of
warehousing can be described with 7 operating activities. (2002, Frazelle)
1. Reception Warehouses receive goods with assurance that the quality and quantity of
such products are as ordered.
2. Packaging when the goods are received in bulk from a vendor and subsequently
packaged individually, or in bundle with other products or parts, the prepackaging is
performed at the site.
3. Storing or stockpiling, is the activity of placing merchandise in storage often sorted by
its types to expedite the handling.
4. Order picking when the demand is created by the sales order and issued by the
customer, warehouses remove ordered items from its storage to be placed on shipment.
This activity is one of most critical functions and how a lot of warehouse designs are
based.
5. Sortation and/or collection When more than one single item is placed on order,
sortation of batch picks, also known as multi-order picking illustrated by joining goods
from multiple orders into one pick direction, individual orders and accumulation of
distributed picks into orders are done. Sortation by batch picking increases the efficiency
by maximizing pick quantities and minimizing operator-walking distances.
6. Unitizing and shipping when the products are sorted, orders are checked for
completeness. The goods are loaded to the carrier, in many cases trucks, which usually
have different destinations.

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1.5 An Overview of the Indian Elevator Market
Since the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991, there has been a great increase in
the demand for elevators, also the government had imposed a ban on collapsible gate
elevators, thus creating a path for international players to capture this segment. During
this period Schindler was trying to establish at 100% subsidiary to start its operations in
India.
Indian customers are considered to be price sensitive and majority of the market
preferred single door speed elevators (65%) and then two door speed elevators (20%).
Single door speed elevator is a type of elevator door which consists of horizontal sliding
panel. Two door speed elevator on the other hand consists of two horizontal sliding
panels. Price and simple products are the key factors that are taken into consideration for
most Indian buyers, but after sale services too is becoming a major concern in elevator
buying decision.
After liberalization there has been a growth in the tourism industry and an increase in
foreign tourist and business visitors coming to India. This further leads to the growth of
the hotel industry, which is the largest buyer of top line elevators.
The key players in the elevator industry are Otis (50%), Kone (8.8%), Bharat Bijlee
limited (8.6%) and ECE industries limited (8.4%). Otis dominated the market, both from
product and service point of view and it is also considered to be the most profit making
firm in the elevator industry in India.
Given the annual growth rate of approximately 8.5% between 2006-07 to 2010-11 and a
growth rate of approximately 4%-5% despite the global recession, the real estate market
in India is growing at a steady pace and will continue to grow day by day.
Another unique project which was undertaken by Schindler is Mumbai’s luxury hotel,
Sahara Star. The structure of this hotel is circular in shape and is designed in such a
manner that it looks more like a tropical natural reserve than just a hotel. A
distinguishing factor about this hotel is its 3 unique elevators. These elevators were
custom made by Schindler in Switzerland. These elevators are more often seen as an
experience rather just a means of transportation by visitors. The custom-made glass
panoramic elevators give a great view of the entire hotel, as the elevators move upward a
wider area of the hotel can be seen. Also the elevators are designed in such a manner
that when all the 3 elevators stop at a single floor, they form a hemisphere, a symbol that
joins guests with a natural environment.

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1.6 Company profile
ESCON ELEVATOES Pvt. Ltd.
ESCON was established in the year 1990 and is one of the fastest growing companies
having in-house R&D and manufacturing facilities.
Escon Elevators is a leading manufacturer and exporter of elevators, escalators, car
parking lifts and related control devices with more than 27 years of experience and a
long list of satisfied customers across the country and abroad. The manufacturing set up
of Escon comprises up-to- date and integrated facilities in terms of Research &
Development, Production, Testing and Quality assurance. Each and every installation of
Escon has a backup of prompt and onsite maintenance support by the qualified and
trained engineers. Apart from the new installation the company also emphasizes on
modernization of existing old systems by providing consultancy services, technical audit
& inspection, repairing and replacement of the worn out parts, and technology up-
gradation.
Starting merely as an elevator company Escon Elevators has grown from strength to
strength with the help of its in-house facilities and collaborations with the partner
companies, to add other products to its stable. All products are launched after thorough
test runs over long period of time, meeting with the most demanding conditions and
situations. This stringent quality policy of the company along with its state of the art
infrastructure has earned them customers’ confidence and competitive edges to secure
berths in the final selections.
Escon gained the ISO 9001-2008 certification for design, manufacturing and quality
assurance along with the safety standard as per IS 14665. The company has also gained
the NSIC CRISIL performance rating- SE1B which points to the superior performance
and stable financial strength. With continuous focus on technological advancements and
customer satisfaction Escon is on the fast track of growth and excellence.

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1.6.1 Overview:

Founded in 1990, Escon elevators are leading company in India to provide mobility and
parking solutions. From manufacturing, installing to servicing and modernizing of elevators,
escalators and moving walks we completely provide every type of building requirement
nationally.

Escon has rapidly grown in elevator industry from starting with a small office and
expanding its service nationally.

They keep their clients and customers at the top by prioritizing them at the place.

Their team is trained and holds expertise in their job to provide the perfect solution.

What makes Escon unique is our dedication to helping clients meet challenges and
overcome them.

Their products and services are reliable, energy efficient and safe.

They are not only conceptualize and plan but implement, install and maintain the quality of
our service and products.

1.6.2 Corporate Culture

They follow a definite culture in their company. By providing High quality service
in and out of company. They consider the ideas and requirement of our collaborator
as points for success to develop in corporate world.
Their strategy and corporate program are based on this key statement for systematic
business process.

1.6.3 Value and beliefs

They at Escon follow code of ethics and own a set of value and beliefs in order to
provide superior quality of service and products to their customers.

1.6.4 Mission
 Their mission is to serve our customers and society at large with world class value
for products.
 To become prominent leader in Elevator industry.

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1.6.5 Aim
 To deliver 100% safety to our clients with our safe products.
 To satisfy customer by providing the perfect solutions to their requirement.
 Timely delivering products and services by continuous monitoring of our systems
and receiving feedbacks.

1.6.6 Values
 At Escon conduct our business or any job with fairness and honesty. They keep
transparent relationships with their clients.
 They work and carry out our process with accuracy and authenticity. They are
loyal to our customers and their trust is utmost important to company.
 Escon not only believes but follows being responsible and sensitive to their
customers need.
 They constantly work hard to achieve the benchmark for superior and world class
quality in their every project they undertake.

1.6.7 Supported Initiative

Corporate Social Responsibility and principles of Escon Elevators are
fundamental to Escon Elevator culture and core values. These values reflect the
corporate social and environmental sustainability commitments we make to our
clients, employees and communities where they do business around the world.
In India, as per the government's mandate, organizations are required to
contribute some of their resources toward various Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) activities. These activities include promoting education, preventative
healthcare, gender equality, environmental sustainability and rural development
projects.
Escon is committed to maintaining a safe and healthy workplace, operating their
facilities in an environmentally-sound manner, providing and supporting
environmentally-responsible products and services, and promoting programs that
address key social, economic, and environmental challenges.
Through these ongoing efforts and our technology leadership, their aim to make a
sustainable difference to the communities in which they work and operate.

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1.6.8 Milestone Escon
Is one of the pioneers in India using advanced cutting edge technology in
elevator production. Creativity and innovation are at the core of all the milestones
that we have achieved till date.
With a large number of 'firsts' up our sleeve, Escon is truly the leader in elevator
manufacturing in India. Some of our noteworthy milestones are as follows:
 Escon was born on October 22, 1995, at Mahape,Navi Mumbai with its R&D
department in the factory.
 They made it to First High rise building in 2000 and giving birth to our second
branch in Delhi in the same year.
 They spread our self in Kolkata in the year 2005 to enter West Bengal. They had
HO and dedicated Controller Test building.
 They widened our network in Kochi and Bangalore to have an active presence in
South India and Karnataka in the year 2009.
 They built our presence in Bhubaneswar and Orissa in the year 2010.
 In the year 2015, they celebrated their silver jubilee of Innovation and Progress.
 They came up with their new section for product and services in Car parking
solutions, Escalators, and New factory plan.

1.6.9 Insights
Escon Elevators is one of the major manufacturers and exporters of elevators,
escalators, car parking lifts and related control devices with numerous installations in
the country and abroad. Established more than 27 years ago, the rise of the company
to its present level is the manifestation of superior management, innovative mindset,
stringent quality control and an overall smart work culture.
The strong fundamentals of the company is reflected in the NSIC CRISIL
performance report with rating SE1B which points to the superior performance and a
stable financial strength.
It is said that a journey with a clear vision and properly executed missions, only can
meet with its goal. This old saying had a perfect echo in the history of Escon which
was started as an elevator manufacturing company in India with a vision and grit to
become a world class company, accomplished many difficult missions to attain a
leading position in its industry with numerous installations in the country and
abroad.
The big image enhancement of the company can be attributed to the gradual built
up of confidence and perception on part of the customers over a long period of time.

16
Nothing is greater than the stamp of trust by the customer, especially when it is
about safe transportation of humans. This has been possible due to our blossoming
up as an indigenous and complete solution provider in terms of designing &
manufacturing with a healthy supply chain and of course, the installation cum
support. It didn’t take us long time to open branches throughout the country to be a
part of the rapid urbanization activities, providing with local management and
support.
Along the lines of new installations, we are also providing with the
modernization solutions for old and under capacity units of elevators and escalators.
May it be their make or any other they offer the right consultancy and up gradation
based on thorough system audit. This provides the customers with a cost-effective
alternative to buying a new unit.

1.6.10 Innovations
We are always on a hunt for new things, be it technology or science, we like the new
thinking that gets discovered in our way of discovery. Billions of gadgets and
sensors are right now implanted in regular articles from cars, to structures and
extensions. Family unit things like toasters and coolers, things of attire, and even
parts of our bodies are being associated with the web.
Together with our collaborators, we always reinforce our position as
advancement pioneer in our industry. By understanding urbanization, concentrating
on enhancements for individuals and envisioning the necessities and opportunities
for individuals – that we can create innovation which will help enhance structures
and improve our urban community’s spots to live in.
Furthermore, as new environments rise around smarter urban areas and
buildings, there is an enormous potential for the combination of building plan with
lifts, elevators, administrations and different utilities, in the most feasible ways that
could be available.
The need to oversee, comprehend and examine steady surges of
information is the main thrust behind the meeting up of two industry pioneers to
make and enhance administrations for Escon clients and end customers.
Our elevators are the perfect solution for most appealing high-rise
buildings. They are mechanized by the energy-efficient motors that offer high-
quality comfort ride.

Escalator Modernization:

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A creative and orderly approach to replace or repair the entire escalator is what we
provide. The arrangement conveys spic and span innovation without costly and
problematic truss expulsion. The arrangement additionally decreases the vitality
utilization and working expenses of the new and introduced gear.

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1.7 Need of the Study
 Better Inventory and shipping Data
It is hard to improve on systems when you can’t pinpoint the gaps. Warehouse
management Systems can improve your access to inventory and shipping data so that
you can spot problems areas and develop solutions. If there is a bottleneck, you can find
it. If there is a delay, you can investigate it. With good warehouse management system
in place, this information become much easier to obtain and you can act more quickly on
it.
 Improved Customer Service

Customers don’t want to hear ‘’ I don’t know’’ when they ask where their
shipments are. When you have a warehouse management system in place, you can
answer confidently when they ask where their shipments are in the process. You can
track shipments and packages, provide more accurate arrival dates, and help your
customers manage their inventory too. It is improved communications that leads to
better service.

 Greater Competitive Advantage

Companies with better warehouse management offer customers something extra
in their service package. That competitive advantage should not be underestimated.
Sometimes it is one of only a handful of things that set you apart from your competitors.
Whatever you can offer to win business, you should. With warehouse management
solutions, you can remain highly competitive and offer your customer better shipping
and delivery information. It may seem like a small thing compared to other factors, but it
could be the deciding factor with an important customer.

 ERP Integration
A good Warehouse Management System will integrate with your existing
business management system so you don’t have to replicate systems or procedures. As
your business needs grow, your WMS solution should evolve to fit your needs.

1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 Reducing Employee Theft

As the logistics industry grows, the volume of employee theft is skyrocketing.
Warehouserelated theft costs the industry as much as $80 billion each year. In fact,
employee theft is a particularly serious problem for distributors carrying copper pipe,
wire, or other accessible and easy-to-sell items of relatively high value. In the worst
scenarios, we heard stories of warehouse managers starting their own fraudulent side

19
 companies to resell material they stole from their employers’ warehouses. Nobody wants
to accuse employees without having evidence, so a WMS can help management isolate
exactly what’s gone missing to provide an early warning that employee theft may be
occurring.
 Keeping Up with Competitors
At times, companies veto the final step to purchase a WMS until the warehouse
down the street does (which, most likely, is too late). The fear of being left behind can
sometimes spur them to act. Of course, forward-thinking distributors want to plan ahead
so they can be the first one to achieve a substantial return on investment.
 Improving Supplier Confidence and Warehouse Appearance
A messy, disorganized warehouse makes a bad impression on potential customers
or suppliers. Some distributors implement a WMS because they know that it makes
future partners more likely to work with them. Worrying that your warehouse looks
organized might seem pointless, but it can go a long way toward impressing your
suppliers and maintaining their trust in you. If a supplier doing a walkthrough sees that
your warehouse is a cluttered mess, they’re not likely to trust you to represent their
product well, meet any of their strict requirements, or get orders out the door accurately
and on time

1.9 OBJECTIVES

 Basic Storage
For many small-business owners, the main objective for building a warehouse or
renting warehouse space is simply to store inventory. Your garage, spare bedroom or
basement might serve as your “warehouse” when you first open your doors, but you’ll
need space to store your inventory safely, at affordable cost and with easy access as you
grow.
 Decreased Shrinkage
Make regular inventory audits an important objective to help you spot theft,
damage, incorrectly shipped orders and missing stock that can damage your profits.
Adding surveillance cameras, employee pass-protected doors and security alarms can
help reduce theft.
 Optimal Safety
The more warehouse space you have, inventory you store and people you employ,
the greater the probability of a workplace accident. Meet with your insurance provider,
local fire marshal, a security expert and an occupational safety inspector to ensure your
warehouse and distribution facility is safe and secure.
 Incentive pay

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 Properly engineered incentive pay for performance can bring the biggest percent
improvement in labor productivity. More than 50% of your warehouse labor is in pick
and pack, so start there. You always need to be sure you’re not paying for productivity
you’re already getting or could get in other ways.

21
 CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Field work

2.1.1 Types of elevators
Elevators are devices that move people and goods vertically within a dedicated
shaft that connects the floors of a building. They became commonplace in the 1850s as
steel and iron structural frames allowed taller construction; however it was Elisha Otis's
safety mechanism that prevented the car from falling that made elevators popular. In
almost all modern multifloor buildings, elevators are required to provide universal
access. There are three main types of elevators commonly used: traction with a machine
room, machine-room-less traction, and hydraulic; however, there are variations on each
type.

1. Hydraulic Elevators

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Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes
the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the piston.
The elevator descends as a valve releases the fluid from the piston. They are used for
low-rise applications of 2-8 stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200 feet per
minute. The machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level adjacent
to the elevator shaft.

Conventional Hydraulic Elevators have a sheave that extends below the floor of the
elevator pit, which accepts the retracting piston as the elevator descends. Some
configurations have a telescoping piston that collapses and requires a shallower hole
below the pit. Max travel distance is approximately 60 feet.

Hole less Hydraulic Elevators have a piston on either side of the cab. In this
configuration, the telescoping pistons are fixed at the base of the pit and do not require a
sheave or hole below the pit. Telescoping pistons allow up to 50 feet of travel distance.
Non-telescoping pistons only allow about 20 feet of travel distance.

Roped Hydraulic Elevators use a combination of ropes and a piston to move the
elevator. Maximum travel distance is about 60 feet.

Hydraulic elevators have a low initial cost and their ongoing maintenance costs are
lower compared to the other elevator types. However, hydraulic elevators use more
energy than other types of elevators because the electric motor works against gravity as
it forces hydraulic fluid into the piston. A major drawback of hydraulic elevators is that
the hydraulic fluid can sometimes leak, which can cause a serious environmental hazard.
The environmental risk and high energy use are two main reasons that
hydraulic elevators are not being installed as often as in the past.

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2 Geared and Gearless Traction Elevators with Machine
Room

Traction elevators are lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached to an electric
motor above the elevator shaft. They are used for mid and high-rise applications and
have much higher travel speeds than hydraulic elevators. A counter weight makes the
elevators more efficient by offsetting the weight of the car and occupants so that the
motor doesn't have to move as much weight.

Geared Traction Elevators have a gearbox that is attached to the motor, which drives the
wheel that moves the ropes.Geared traction elevators are capable of travel speeds up to
500 feet per minute. The maximum travel distance for a geared traction elevator is
around 250 feet.

Gear-less Traction Elevators have the wheel attached directly to the motor. Gear-less
traction elevators are capable of speeds up to 2,000 feet per minute and they have a

24
maximum travel distance of around 2,000 feet so they are the only choice for high-rise
applications.

Geared traction elevators are middle of the road in terms of initial cost, ongoing
maintenance costs, and energy consumption. Gear-less traction elevators have a high
initial cost, medium ongoing maintenance costs, and use energy a bit more efficiently
than geared traction elevators.

It is important that traction elevator ropes and sheaves are checked for wear on a regular
basis. As they wear, the traction between the sheave and the cables is reduced and
slippage becomes more regular, which reduces the efficiency and can become dangerous
if left unchecked.

Traction elevators have height restrictions that are governed by the length and weight of
the cables or ropes. New materials that are stronger and lighter, such as carbon fiber,
will allow traction elevators to achieve new heights.

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2.1.2 Parts of elevators:

There are various parts of elevators. Some standard parts of elevators are as follows:

1.Car Frame
Features:
 Long service life
 Immaculate finish
 Simple design
 High efficiency
 Enhanced durability
 Crack resistance

Application:

 A Car frame is made from structural steel to support cabin platform & enclose with
safety device underneath the frame.
 Instantaneous Safety blocks are provided to stop & hold the elevator, incase excessive
descending speed is attained. This is achieved by means of a speed governor installed in
machine room, connected to cabin, by means of a steel wire rope, with necessary
devices.

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2.Machine

Features:

Optimum Strength

High load bearing capacity .

Easy to operate .

Geared traction machines are driven by AC or DC electric motors. Geared machines use worm
gears to control mechanical movement of elevator cars by "rolling" steel hoist ropes over a drive
sheave which is attached to a gearbox driven by a high-speed motor.

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3.Counterweight

It is present in most electric lifts and is a mass made of iron or concrete and rectangular in shape
with equal weight to the cabin plus half of the maximum permissible load. Its presence allows
the engine not to be forced to move the total load of the cabin with the consequent energy saving

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4.Cabin

The cabin of an elevator is a drawer resistant to the impacts, fireproof, luminous, airy,
safe and, according to the regulations currently in force, adapted to the use of people with
disabilities. The floor must be non-slip and the security is completed with doors.

The mechanisms of opening of the cabin are diverse and, thus, we can find cabins of
central opening; side; Of two, three or four leaves; Automatic or manual. At all times, the user
must know in which floor is and therefore, always installed in the cabins some type of window
open to the egg or a position indicator. Often, both solutions coexist. The set is completed with
an internal pushbutton that allows the user to order the system in which plant to stop. The keypad
must be installed at a height suitable for wheelchair users.

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5.Guide Rill

Cabins and counterweights are guided by rails, cables or guides. Until the sixties of last

century and for reasons of space, the counterweight often circulated through the yard of

lights of the farm and not through the elevator shaft, something that does not happy today.

At the origin, especially in industrial elevators installed in coal mines, the guides were

wooden profiles that were anchored in U-shaped guides, but today t-shaped metal profiles

are used that fit in the chassis that surrounds the cabin . Friction and noise are limited by

slides and skids that cushion the passage of the cab frame onto the guides.

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6.Governor

The governor which is located in the machine room or overhead depending on the

elevator design, is a speed monitoring device on traction elevators that triggers the safety

mounted on the car frame when the elevator over-speeds in either direction.

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7.Landing Door:

Doors

Lift doors are divided into landing (shaft) doors and cabin ones. The doors exist in two basic

variants: central and telescopic (two or multipanel).

Central door - during opening / closing, the panels move in opposite directions.

Telescopic door - during opening / closing, the panels move in the same direction.

Telescopic door right - during opening the panels move to the right side

Telescopic door left - during opening the panels move to the left side

Swing doors - operated manually and are no longer used in newly designed lifts.

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2.1.3 Warehouse Management System:

Warehouse control involves the interplay between inventory control and location

management. The warehouse management system (WMS) is the software system that enables

real-time, paperless control of warehouse operations. The WMS of a single warehouse

interfaces with the corporation’s enterprise resource planning (ERP) software where item,

carrier, and customer master files common to all of the firm’s warehouses reside. This

WAREHOUSING information is used to create and maintain an inventory master file and a

location master file. The WMS uses these files along with control logic to execute the

required warehouse operations, which include interfacing with the various automated

material handling equipment subsystems and generating pick lists for order picking. Advance

shipping notices (ASNs) are sent to the WMS from suppliers as part of the receiving

function, and the WMS sends ASNs to customers as part of the shipping function of a

warehouse.

Initially, warehouse operations involve the storage of an object at a location or the movement

of an object between locations. Inventory is the quantity of each item stored in the

warehouse, and the inventory master file acts as the repository for all inventories in the

warehouse. It contains the total quantity and storage locations of each item stored in the

warehouse and are used together with the location master file to control material transport

operations. The location master file provides the link between the WMS’s logical

representation of the warehouse and the physical layout of the warehouse.

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Warehouse System includes two process:

1. Inward Process

2. Outward Process

1. Inward Process:
Warehouse department include arrival of incoming material which further send to tax invoice

where PO attached. When material transported inside the warehouse quantity is verified

through security using GIN which content GRN that is sheet of paper containing material

34
data, numbers of parts. On the basis of this inspection report is prepared. If material

fulfilling all demands and good quality then it further transported to quality control

department if it does not fulfill the requirement it send back to supplier with default sheet.

And remaining material is pass to store department this process is known as invert process.

2. Outward Process:

The another type of process is outward process. In outward process material is out into

warehouse department and sends to consumers with BOM. BOM is prepared using excel

sheet and send with material. Earlier sheet is deleted from the excel files and prepare new

sheet for pending material.

2.2 Primary Data

A primary data I have collected by observations and by taking a information from manager also

I collected information by asking a different questions to the employees. Also I had take surveys

regarding service of our company.

2.3 Secondary Data

A secondary data I have a collected from the internet and previous records of company which I

had used to analysis of data.

2.4 Sample design

In this sample design I was taken reviews from the different customers about service and product

by asking questions.

2.5 Population

The organization have 800 customers all over India I was trying to took 200 costumers

suggestion about product and services

35
2.6 Sampling method

I had used random sampling method to collect the data about customers

2.7Method of data collection

Qualitative method:

Generally, qualitative methods are time-consuming and expensive to conduct, and so researchers

try to lower the costs incurred by decreasing the sample size or number of respondents.

Quantitative method:

Data can be readily quantified and generated into numerical form, which will then be converted

and processed into useful information mathematically. The result is often in the form of statistics

that is meaningful and, therefore, useful. Unlike qualitative method these quantitative techniques

usually make use of larger sample sizes because its measurable nature makes that possible and

easier.

36
 CHAPTER III

3.1 DATA ANALYSIS:

Figure No1. How long have you been a customer of our company?

Interpretation:- As per figure number 3 data indicates that 15% six months to a year, 25% 1-2

years and 60% 3 or more years long been a customer of our company

Figure No 2. How likely are you to purchase any of our products again?

Interpretation:- As per figure number 1 data indicates that overall, 80% extremely likely, 15%

Very likely and 5% Somewhat likely ready to purchase of our products again

37
Figure No 3. How much time did it take us to address your questions and concerns ?

Interpretation:- As per figure number 1 data indicates that overall, 60% much shorter than

expected, 30% Shorter than expected and 10%Much longer than expected time taken to address

your question and concern

Figure No 4. Which of the following words would you use to describe our products? Select all

that apply

Interpretation:- As per figure number 2 data indicates that 70% high quality 20% useful

products and 10% overprice words use to describe our products

38
Figure No5. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with our company?

Interpretation:- As per figure number 1 data indicates that overall, 80% satisfied, 15% neither

satisfied or dissatisfied and 5% dissatisfied with our company

Figure No 6. Overall, how would you rate the quality of your customer service experience?

Interpretation:- As per figure number 1 data indicates that rate the quality of your customer

service experience are 80% very positive,10%Neutral,10% Very Negative

39
Figure No7. How likely is it that you would recommend this company to a friend or colleague?

Interpretation:- As per figure number 1 data indicates that I would recommend 70% not at all,

20% Likely extremely, 10%Likely ok this company to a friend or colleague.

How likely is it that you would recommend this company to a friend or colleague?

40
3.2 SALES ORDER:

TIME SO SO ISSUE ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY SO DISPATCH REMARK

NO DATE DATE NO STATUS DATE
12:38 3407 1- 1- E1761 AUTO 2 DISPATCH 1-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
12:38 3405 2- 2- E1762 AUTO 3 INPROCESS 4-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
12:38 3414 3- 3- E1763 AUTO 4 DISPATCH 3-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3418 4- 4- E1764 AUTO 2 DISPATCH 4-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3422 5- 5- E1765 AUTO 3 INPROCESS 9-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3416 6- 6- E1766 AUTO 3 DISPATCH 6-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3425 7- 7- E1767 AUTO 4 DISPATCH 7-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3415 9- 9- E1769 AUTO 4 INPROCESS 14-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3420 10- 10- E1770 AUTO 4 DISPATCH 10-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- CENTRE 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3419 11- 11- E1771 AUTO 2 INPROCESS 15-MAY- DELAYED
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3411 12- 12- E1772 AUTO 3 DISPATCH 12-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3412 13- 13- E1773 AUTO 2 DISPATCH 13-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3403 14- 14- E1774 AUTO 2 INPROCESS 19-MAY- DELAYED
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018
1:22 3443 15- 15- E1775 AUTO 2 DISPATCH 15-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018

41
5:58 3453 16- 16- E1776 AUTO 2 DISPATCH 16-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018
5:58 3445 17- 17- E1777 AUTO 3 DISPATCH 17-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- TELESCOPIC 2018
2018 2018
5:58 3446 18- 18- E1778 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 18-MAY- On TIme
PM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
5:58 3459 19- 19- E1779 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 19-MAY- On Time
PM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
5:58 3456 20- 20- E1780 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 20-MAY- On Time
PM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3400 21- 21- E1780 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 21-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3447 22- 22- E1780 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 22-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3413 23- 23- E1780 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 23-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3442 24- 24- E1780 COLLAPSEBLE 3 DISPATCH 24-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3439 25- 25- E1780 MANUAL 4 DISPATCH 25-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- SWING 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3438 26- 26- E1780 MANUAL 4 DISPATCH 26-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- SWING 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3417 27- 27- E1780 MANUAL 4 DISPATCH 27-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- SWING 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3401 28- 28- E1780 MANUAL 4 DISPATCH 28-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- SWING 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3436 29- 29- E1780 MANUAL 4 DISPATCH 29-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- SWING 2018
2018 2018
9:50 3448 30- 30- E1790 MANUAL 4 DISPATCH 30-MAY- On Time
AM MAY- MAY- SWING 2018
2018 2018

42
43
Data Interpretation

As per the given data 78 units were dispatched on time in the month of may 2018, and 14 units

were in-process delayed in the month of may 2018. There is requirement of 31 auto-centered

door in the same month and the data shows that 24 units are dispatched on time and the

remaining 7 units are delayed due to in-process. There is requirement of 13 units of auto

telescopic doors in the same month, 9 units are dispatched on time and 4 units were delayed due

to in-process. From the data it has observed that 24 units of manual swing door are required and

the company successfully able to dispatch it on time.

24 collapsible door are required and the company successfully meet the promise it on time .

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 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS

 In Escon Elevators there is not proper inventory management for the stock wrong
location codes to the racks.
 In Escon Elevators there is also not a barcode system in store of stock which is harmful to
the warehouse if they will start barcode system they will get more visibility in stock
which is very useful and effective for the business.
 In Escon Elevators there is absence of proper stock they keep material in empty rack
randomly which give more confusion when sales order come to the warehouse and
workers wants to find the material.
 There is need of more employees for management.
 There is also need to improvement in software technology they use excel sheet for their
work for tally. They don’t have ERP software as well as sap system for maintaining
records.
 They took long time to carry material loading and unloading due to low number of
workers.
 In Escon elevators there is need to gives a training to employees for a proper work so it
will affect to improve efficiency

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 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion:
 Throughout the thesis development process, I have increased my existing
knowledge of
the fundamentals of warehousing.
 Warehouse management system is not working well due to which the workers
have to
search the whole warehouse to find single product.
 At month ending and during rush time it becomes hectic for the workers to find
all the
material on time. This causes delay of delivery of orders.
 They must have ERP or SAP System to understand location of parts for proper
maintenance of stock.
 In Escon Elevators loading and unloading of material is very much lengthy
process and
they are more depend on manpower so I will suggest to Have some machineries like
forklift.
 They must have separate units according to parts of elevators for convenience of
workers
to finding the materials.
 There is lack of communication between consumers and company due to which
sometime they deliver material late.

Recommendation:

 Further research should focus on the development of space saving and energy
efficient

elevators that employee efficient motors.

 Materials should be stronger than before with smarter dispatching system which
will help

46
for quick assembly and dispatching.

 The approach of design of elevators must be insure that vertical transportation

system

cannot only function within particular power

 The elevators should not be specific for single tower but design should support or
help to

others towers or buildings also.

 During Internship I got to know many problems regarding warehouse

management are

there.

 There should be some solutions for it. Some suggestions are there as follows:
 Prepare for and invest in infrastructure, including computers, networks, and data
security.
 Complete the business process mapping; revise the forms and tools required by
the

process, and train staff to manage the new system.

 Complete product profiling and inventory management standard operating

systems.(SOPSS)

 Develop a unit of clear scope of work for the introduction of a new system,
including the

cost and timeline of each step (e.g., data migration, training, installation and upgrading of

the system, decommissioning). The scope of work should detail the roles and

responsibilities of each party involved in WMS project.

47
BIBLIOGRPHY

https://www.veeqo.com/blog/warehouse-management

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Elevator.html

https://www.wittur.com/en/elevator-components.aspx

http://www.esconelevators.com/

http://www.esconelevators.com/about.php?url=overview/

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 ANNEXURE

1) How long have you been a customer of our company?

o Six months to a year
o 1-2 years
o 3 or more years

2) How likely are you to purchase any of our product agin?

o Extremely likely
o Very likely
o Same what likely

3) How much time did it take us to address your questions and concems?
o Much shorter than expected
o Shorter than expected
o Longer expected

4) Which of the following words would you use to describe our products?
Select all that apply.
o High quality
o Useful
o Overpriced

49