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Week 2
5. Ethics,
6. Health and Safety
1. Management’s and
Committee,
Supervisor’s role,
7. Accident/Incident Reporting
2. Four pillars of decent work,
(5W’s) procedures and
3. Conducive working
Prevention (SAFE),
environment and Operating
8. Cases of Emergency,
procedures,
9. ISO
4. Duty of Care
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
Introduction
Over the past century companies had to make enormous
changes in how they treat their staff. There are still many
companies that try to find a way around the duties the
administration outlines for them to follow.
The laws that are engineered to protect all staff may appear
completely out of place in varied work settings, but the primary
goal is to insure the health and safety at work for all the ones
that are employed.
Under safety and health law, the first responsibility for that is
down to companies. As an employee, you have a duty to look
after your own health and safety at work and that of others who
might be influenced by your actions.
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Design 5. Develop
2. Exhibit 6. Set up
3. Inspect 7. Monitor
4. Establish 8. Draw up
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
1. Management’s and
Supervisor’s role
Employers must:
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
“Opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work
in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity.”
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
2. Four pillars of
decent work
3. Conducive working
environment
Elements:
1. Health
2. Safety
3. Welfare
4. Working hours of adults
5. Annual leave with wages
3. Conducive working
environment
Elements (Cntd):
Health
• Cleanliness
• Disposal of wastes and effluents
• Ventilation and temperature
• Dust and fume
• Artificial humidification
• Overcrowding
• Lighting
• Drinking water
• Latrines and urinals
• Spittoons
3. Conducive working
environment
Elements (Cntd):
Safety
• Fencing of machinery
• Work on or near machinery in motion
• Employment of young persons on dangerous machines
• Striking gear and devices for cutting off power
• Self-acting machines
• Casing of new machinery
• Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers.
• Hoists and lifts
• Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles
• Revolving machinery
• Pressure plant
3. Conducive working
environment
Elements (Cntd):
Welfare
• Washing facilities
• Facilities for storing and drying clothing
• Facilities for sitting
• First-aid appliances
• Canteens
• Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms
• Welfare officers
• Power to make rules to supplement this
3. Conducive working
environment
Elements (Cntd):
Working Hours for Adults
• Weekly hours
• Weekly holidays
• Compensatory holidays
• Daily hours
• Intervals for rest
• Spread over
• Night shifts
• Prohibition of overlapping shifts
• Extra wages for overtime
• Restriction on double employment
3. Conducive working
environment
Elements (Cntd):
Annual leave for wages
• Application of Chapter
• Annual leave with wages
• Wages during leave period
• Payment in advance in certain cases
• Mode of recovery of unpaid wages
• Power to make rules
• Power to exempt factories
4. Operating
procedures
Procedures
• Most common form of control measure
• In some cases the only practical way of managing a particular
risk.
• Should allow for methodical execution of tasks.
• Should address the hazards that have been identified in the risk
assessment.
• Requirement of law - it is ‘the duty of the quarry operator to
ensure that rules and procedures are in place for reasons of
health and safety’.
4. Operating
procedures
Procedures (Cntd)
A safe system of work
• Eliminates identified hazards and controls others.
• Plans to achieve the controlled completion of the work with
minimum risk.
• Fundamental to accident prevention.
• Should fully document the hazards, precautions and safe
working methods.
5. Duty of Care
Duty of Care
Common Law – duty of care
- places into a legal form a moral duty to anticipate possible
causes of injury and illness and possible causes of injury and
illness and to do everything reasonably practicable to remove
or minimise these possible causes of harm)
• Includes shared responsibilities for ensuring the health and
safety of a learner in a learning and/or assessment
environment.
• Duty of Care - a moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety
or well-being of others. So, the best practice is to give everyone
duty of care responsibilities
5. Duty of Care
5. Duty of Care
5. Duty of Care
5. Duty of Care
5. Duty of Care
6. Ethics
Ethics
“The reputation of a thousand years is determined by the conduct
of one hour.” Japanese proverb
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
• The term “ethics” is derived from the Greek word “ethikos”
which itself is derived from the Greek word ethos, meaning
custom or character.
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
To itemize, ethics is...
• a set of behavioural rules,
• created by human beings, through general consensus,
• regulating our interactions with one another,
• for the purpose of mutually increasing overall long-term
happiness, well-being, and prosperity,
• and is enforced, in mild cases, through social pressures and, in
severe cases, through legal enforcement.
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Why the Interest in Professional Ethics?
• As occupations become more specialized, the ethical issues
become more specialized ,
• Professional societies have increased efforts to establish
ethical codes to guide members,
• Increasing public scrutiny, lack of traditional deference,
• Regulatory oversight, public protection,
• Reputation risk management
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Why a code of conduct?
• One of the core traits of a “profession” and its “professionals”.
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Common Professional Values
• Integrity
• Honesty
• Promise keeping
• Loyalty
• Competence
• Respect for persons
• Justice
• Compassion
• Confidentiality
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Professions as a special calling
• It is expected that the interests of the client will be placed above
the practitioner's personal interest
• OHS professionals are further expected to put the public
interest ahead of the client's interest
• Each profession creates its own rules of practice to assure
• that the practitioner guides himself/herself along these lines
• Professional Codes of Conduct/Ethics were set up to address
• some, but not all, such issues
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Causes of Ethical Dilemmas
• On the job pressure (too many responsibilities)
• Pressure caused by economic implications of result
• Lack of experience
• Pressure caused by professional implications of result
• Poor design of study
• Friendship in regard to “whistle blowing”
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Causes of Ethical Dilemmas (Cntd)
• Lack of training in ethics
• Poor implementation of design
• Lack of communication skills
• Pressures not related to job
• Competition with peers
Secondary Interests of unethical parties
Financial gain
Desire for professional advancement
Recognition for personal achievement
Favours to friends, family or colleagues
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Conflicts of Interest
• Avoid situations that create actual, potential or perceived
conflicts between personal and professional interests, and if a
potential conflict of interest arises disclose all applicable facts to
potentially affected parties.
• Conduct their professional relations by the highest standards of
integrity and avoid compromise of their professional judgment
by conflicts of interest.
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Conflicts of Interest (Cntd)
• Each officer, director, and committee, working group, task force,
liaison, representative or other volunteer group member
(“volunteer leader”) and staff members should avoid both actual
and apparent conflicts of interest that would interfere with their
ability to discharge their fiduciary responsibilities.
• A conflict of interest is considered a threat to the good that the
profession seeks to achieve and is often also a threat to the
profession’s reputation
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Conflicts of Interest Scenarios
Scenario 1:
You are asked to remove a recommendation from an audit report.
Scenario 2:
As part of your responsibilities at work you manage the
organization’s relationship with a large consulting firm. Based in
part on your recommendation, the consulting firm hires your son.
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Conflicts of Interest Scenarios (Cntd)
Scenario 3:
• Junior–level safety professional inspects the fall-protection
anchorage for a job and determines that it is inadequate.
• Senior-level safety professional tells the junior level safety
professional that the anchorage is adequate.
• No action is taken to reinforce the anchorage and an employee
is injured when the anchorage gives way.
6. Ethics
Ethics (Cntd)
Obligation of OHS members:
• Maintain high standards of integrity and professional conduct
• Follow recognized sound scientific principles
• Accept responsibility for their actions
• Continually seek to enhance their professional capabilities
• Practice with fairness and honesty
8. Cases of
Emergency
Cases of Emergency
In case of an Emergency;
• Means the safe & rapid evacuation of workplace in the case of
an emergency.
• Emergency procedures can be invoked once a threat becomes
visible.
• Drill commands include personnel departure & actions to
counter existing danger.
8. Cases of
Emergency
i) ISO