ZEN AIR

MICROLITE CH-701
STOL
 AIRCRAFT PARTICULARS
ZEN AIR MICROLITE CH-701 STOL
Period - one

Type -Lecture/Demo

Term -I

Revised by -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trg Aids
Aircraft model, Cmptr slides, pointer, black board, chalks and duster.

Time Plan
a) Introduction - 05 Min
b) Leading Particulars - 05 Min
c) Aircraft Perfoemence - 05 Min
d) Engine Performance - 10 Min
e) Engine operating Parameters and Limitations - 10 Min
f) Conclusion - 05 Min
-----------
Total -40 Min
-----------

INTRODUCTION

1. STOL CH-701 Aircraft has been in operation since 1986. It is a highly

reliable and rugged Microlite with exceptionally good design features. The
designer Chris Heintz combined the features and advantages of a real airplane
with short field capabilities of ultra light aircraft. It has durable and all metal
construction. It has a high wing, semi monocoque rear fuselage Microlite with tri
cycle landing gear. It has short take off and landing performance. Its ease of
maintenance and storage is an added advantage. It is airborne in less than 120
feet in unprepared grass, or 90 feet of hard surface at gross weight. It features
fixed leading edge slats for high lift, full span flaperons and an all flying rudder.

AIM

2. To acquaint the cadets with the basic concept, performance and

limitations of STOL CH-701 microlite. To arouse the interest in cadets to know
more about a/c.
 PREVIEW

3. The class will be conducted on the following part:

Part-I Leading Particulars
Part-II Aircraft Performance
Part-III Engine Performance
Part-IV Engine operating Parameters and Limitations

LEADING PARTICULARS

Length -20 feet

Height -11 feet

Wing span -27 feet

Wig area -127 sq.ft

Tailplane span -87.5 inches

Mainplane chord -58.9 inches

Wheel track -68.8 inches

Wheel base -57.5 inches

Empty weight -209 kg(460 lb)

Gross weight -436 kg(960 lb)

Useful load -227 kg(500 lb)

Wing loading -37 kg/sq.m(7.5 psi)

Fuel capacity(standard tank) -42 Lt.

Fuel capacity(wing tank) -22 Lt. Each

Inside cabin width -42 inches

Aileron deflection -15 deg Up/Dn±1 deg

Flaps deflection -26 deg Up/Dn±2 deg

Elevator deflection-Up -32 to 35 deg

Elevator deflection-Dn -28 to 30 deg

Rudder deflection Lt/Rt -23 ±2 deg

 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

Limit Load Factor – Flaps Up : +4 G to -2 G

Limit Load Factor- Flap Dn : +2 G

Design Load Factor : +6 to -3 G

Stalling Speed-Flaps Dn : 30 mph

Stalling Speed- Flaps Up : 35 mph

Flap Extended speed range : 30 to 60 mph

Never exceed speed with flaps down : 60 mph

Normal operating speed range : 35 to 85 mph

Never exceed speed : 110 mph

Take Off speed : 40 mph

Best Rate of Climb speed : 35 mph (flaps Down)

Best Angle of Climb speed : 40 mph(flaps Up)

Best Rate of Descent speed : 40 mph (flaps Up)

Cruise speed : 80 mph

Cross wind limit : 15 mph

Service Ceiling : 14,000 feet Density altitude

ENGINE PERFORMANCE

General Description:- Rotax 912A is a four stroke, four cylinder, horizontally opposed,
spark ignition, 80 BHP engine. The cylinder heads are liquid cooled and the cylinders
are ram air cooled. Lubrication system is dry sump forced lubrication type. It
incorporates dual breaker – less capacitor discharge ignition(CDI). It has two constant
depression carburettors and a mechanical fuel pump. Propeller drive is via a reduction
gear with integrated shock absorber and over load clutch. The electrical system
constitutes an electric starter and an integrated AC generator with external rectifier
regulator (12V 20 Amp DC). The cylinder bore of the engine 79.5 mm with stroke of 61
mm. The displacement is 1211 Cu cm with a compression ratio of 9.0: 1. The dry weight
of the engine is 57.1 Kg (126lbs). The crank shaft to propeller shaft reduction ratio is
2.27:1.

Operating Parameters and Limitation

(i) Operating RPM s & Limits

Take-Off RPM 5500/min (max 05 minutes only)
Max Continuous Rpm 5300/Min
Idle RPM 1400/min in ISA conditions
(ii) Acceleration
Limit of engine operation at Zero G and negative G Max 05 seconds at max
-0.5 G.
(iii) Oil pressure
Minimum 12 psi below 3500 RPM
Normal 29 to 73 psi. above 3500 RPM
Maximum 101.5 psi. (Admissible for a short period
During cold start only)
(iv) Oil Tmperature
Minimum 500 C
Normal Operating temperature 900 C to 1100 C
Maximum 1400 C
Note:That dry sump lubrication system provides lubrication in all flight condition
up to a maximum bank angle of 40 degrees.
(v) Cylinder head (coolant) temperature
Minimum 500 C
Normal Recommended 500 C to 1100 C
Maximum 1500 C
(vi) Engine start, operating temperature
Minimum -250 C
Maximum 500 C
(vii) Fuel Pressure
Minimum 2.2 psi.
Maximum 5.8 psi.

(viii) Coolant Mixing Ratio 50% antifreeze coolant with

50% distilled water

(ix) Oil Capacity Max 3.0 liters

(Min 2.0 liters must be maintained)

Maximum oil consumption 0.1ltr/hr

(X) Fuel consumption At take off rating 24.0 ltrs/hr

At Max continuous rating 22.06 ltrs/hr

At 75% continuous rating 16.2 ltrs/hr

(XI) Ignition circuits Magneto drop (At 4000 RPM) 300 RPM

Maximum difference in mag drops 120

RPM

CONCLUSION

2. Every a/c has its special features, performance and limitations, which comes
under its leading particulars. Leading particulars provides the outline of a a/c which
must be known to person who is going to work in that fleet.
 AIRCRAFT PARTICULARS
CHECKLIST AND NORMAL OPERATING DRILLS

Period - one

Type -Lecture/Demo

Term -I

Revised by -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trg Aids
Cmptr slides, pointer, black board, chalks and duster.

Time Plan
g) Introduction - 05 Min
h) Pre-flight external & internal checks - 05 Min
i) Start-up procedure & vital action before take-off - 10 Min
j) Checks after landing & switch-off procedure - 05 Min
k) Normal operating drills - 10 Min
l) Conclusion - 05 Min
-----------
Total -40 Min
-----------

INTRODUCTION

1. As we have learned about leading particulars ,performance and limitations

of Zen Air Microlite a/c. And we are very much familiar with this aircraft .Today
we will learn about various checks, operating drills and operating procedures of
Zen Air Microlite Aircraft
AIM

2. To acquaint the cadets with the various handling procedures, drills and
checks involved in the operation of STOL CH-701 Microlite. To arouse the
interest in cadets to know more about handling of a/c.

PREVIEW

3. The class will be conducted on the following part:

Part-I Pre-flight external & internal checks
Part-II Start-up procedure & vital action before take-off
Part-III Checks after landing & switch-off procedure
Part-IV Normal operating drills
 PRE- FLIGHT EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CHECKS

SAFTY CHECKS BEFORE COMMENCING EXTERNAL CHECKS

Before commencing external check ensure the following
• Master OFF.
• Battery OFF.
• Ignition OFF.

EXTERNAL PRE FLIGHT CHECKS

The following checks require opening of the cowling cover and would normally be
carried out by the respective tradesman. However, the pilot, in case of pilot TRS shall
carry them out.

CHECK THE FOLLOWING

• Fuel cap secure.

• Coolant level in over flow bottle, cap secure.
• Hoses for leaks.
• Sparks plugs caps secure.
• Remove oil cap, rotate propeller until murmur sound is heard from oil tank.
• Engine oil level. Ensure filler cap secure.
• Carburetor and air filter-locking, mounting, and manifold.
• Engine mounting bolts (four). Check split pins secure.
• Fuel filter and fuel lines.
• Starter, solenoid and rectifier.
• Throttle cable.
• Exhaust manifolds (right and left) for damage and leakage.
• Electrical cables.
• Nose wheel bungee cord.
• Fuel drain nut.
• Mounting of oil cooler and coolant radiator.

PILOT’S CHECKS

CHECK THE FOLLOWING

• Cowl fasteners for security and looseness.

• Nose wheel section.
 All bolts
 Locking wire.
 Wheel mounting.
  Tyre for cuts, creep and pressure.
• Security of propeller locking bolts.
• Propeller for nicks and cuts.
• Right wing mounting and strut bolts.
• Right wing tip for damage.
• Security of split pins of right flaperon attachment.
• Full and free movement of right aileron and aileron cable.
• Starboard undercarriage.
 Check bolts, wheel assembly and split pins.
 Check brake assembly and brake hose.
 Check tyre for cuts, creep and pressure.
• Fuselage surface for warping, buckling and security of rivets.
• Full and free movement of elevator.
• Condition and security of elevator and rudder cable.
• Repeat same as the starboard checks on the port side.
• Remove pitot cover and check tube for blockage/foreign object.

INTERNAL CHECKS

• Fasten seat belts.

• Ensure throttle at idle.
• Choke off.
• Carry out left to right checks of all instruments and switches-ensuring that all
switches for position and all instruments and markings for condition.
• Check control-column for full and free movement in correct sense.
• Obtain start up clearance.

START-UP PROCEDURE & VITAL ACTION BEFORE TAKE-OFF

START UP PROCEDURE

1. COLD START

• Fuel Cock Open.

• Choke ON.
• Throttle at idle. Confirm propeller clear.
• Master ON.
• Battery ON
• Ignition to both.
 • Actuate starter (Max 10 sec at a time, allow 2 min cooling before next attempt).
• As the engine fires stop cranking.
• Instrument switch ON.
• Check oil pressure rises within 10 seconds to min 30 PSI.

2. WARM START

• Check fuel Cock Open.

• Throttle set to idle.
• Master ON, Battery ON, Ignition to both.
• Check prop clear.
• Actuate starter.
• As the engine fires stop cranking.
• Instrument switch ON.
• Check oil pressure rises within 10 seconds to min 30 PSI.

3. WARM UP PROCEDURE

• Smoothly increase RPM to 2000 or slightly higher (to eliminate vibrations) and
note time.
• After 2 min increase RPM to 2500 and maintain.
• Wait till oil temperature reaches 50°C.
• Check all temperature and pressures within green arc.

4. IGNITION / MAGNETO CHECK

• Smoothly increase RPM to 4000.

• Select key to ‘R’.
• Check RPM drop not more than 300 (call out actual drop).
• Select to ‘both’ and than select to ‘L’.
• Check RPM drop not more than 300 (call out actual drop).
• Difference between ‘R’ and ‘L’ should not be more than 120 RPM.
• Throttle to idle.

5. CHECKS BEFORE TAXY

• Check Oil Pressure, Oil Temp And Coolant Temp In Green Sector.
• Obtain RT clearance to taxy.
• Set altimeter to QNH.
• Harness tight (confirm from co pilot).
6. TAXING PROCEDURE

• Ensure Throttle To Idle.

• Hold a/c on brakes.
• Check taxy path clear.
• Wave off chocks.
• Increase RPM to 1800 and release brakes.
• As the a/c moves forward, close throttle and check brakes.
• Taxy at slow walking pace in dispersal and fast walking pace beyond it.
• Adjust speed with PM and brakes.
• Do not use brakes against power.
Note- In case of prolonged taxing, check serviceability of brakes every 200 mts
and call out brake erviceable.

7. VITAL ACTIONS BEFORE TAKE OFF

T - Throttle friction nut loose.

T - Trim neutral
F - Fuel cock ON fuel contents (call out) sufficient for sortie.
F - Flaps UP check visually.
I - Instruments
Altimeter set to AF elevation note correction.
Oil temp, oil pressure, coolant temp reading (call out)
I - Ignition ON to ‘both’
H - Harness tight
H - Hood check door closed and confirm
W - Winds (call out clock code and strength)
T - Time (Note)
C - Check full and free movement of controls (except rudder)

For any grinding and fouling noise check Baseleg and Approach
path and Runway clear Call out pre Take Off brief and ask for take off

8. PRE TAKE OFF BRIEF

I/You will have controls for take off. In case of engine failure after take off, I will
retain/you will take over controls. Height below 200 ft, runway length remaining, we will
land straight ahead. Above 200 ft and no runway remaining, we will select a field
between 11 to 1 o’clock; make gentle turns, use flaps as required and land.
 CHECKS AFTER LANDING & SWITCH-OFF PROCEDURE

1. CHECKS AFTER LANDING (WELL CLEAR OF THE RUNWAY)

• Hold a/c on brakes – check not moving forward.

• Check throttle to idle.
• Select flaps UP (if lowered)
• Check engine parameters.

2. SWITCH OFF PROCEDURE

• Throttle to idle.
• Aircraft firmly held on brakes, not moving forward.
• Give thumbs up to ground crew to place chocks.
• Check all temp and pressures in green.
• Allow the engine to idle for 2 minutes.
• Select instrument switch OFF.
• Select ignition OFF.
• Battery OFF.
• Master OFF.
• Unstrapped.

After vacating the a/c go around and carry out a visual check of the aircraft.

NORMAL OPERATING DRILLS

TAKE OFF PROCEDURE

1. Check runway and take off path are clear of other aircraft and birds. Bring control
column to slightly aft of neutral position and into wind (by an amount depending upon
wind strength). Slide feet down from the brakes and smoothly open full throttle;
anticipating the requirement of right rudder during the process. Control direction with
rudder all through.

 Check engine RPM at full throttle.

 Check oil temp, pressure and coolant temp in green.

Speed approaching 40-45 mph smoothly rotate nose up to unstick at 50mph.

 NORMAL CIRCUIT AND LANDING

Introduction

2. The normal circuit will be flown at 700 feet AGL at speed between 60-70 mph.
The RPM required for maintaining this speed and height would vary significantly with
the total weight of the occupants and air field elevation. The suggested power setting
should therefore be applied with due consideration to the all up weight (AUW) of the a/c,
ambient air temperature and airfield elevation. Prominent ground features may be used
judiciously to maintain consistency in circuit pattern.

Execution

3. Take off leg: After take, carry out checks at 100 feet AGL and reduce engine
RPM to 5000. Climb straight ahead till to 259 feet, look around and commence a
climbing turn with 10 to 15 deg bank.

4. Cross wind leg: execute the cross wind turn with 10 to 15 deg angle of bank. roll
out 80 deg to the runway and fly for about 10 sec and turn on to down wind with 15 deg
bank. Level out at 700 feet AGL in the process.

5. Down Wind leg: Roll out on the down wind direction ± drift aiming to fly a path
parallel to the runway. Settle down on the down wind with correct height, speed and
direction at correct displacement (Approx 4800 RPM is required for level flight). Winds
will have significant effect especially if at an angle to the down wind path. Give
necessary offset into wind as required, to cater for cross winds (offset in degrees
equivalent to half the wind strength in Kms). Carry out down wind vital actions and
abeam the landing dumbbell, give an RT call with intentions.

6. Base leg and final approach: When the runway appear about seven o’ clock
a level turn on to base leg. Rollout to fly a path 700 to the runway orientation .At the
correct perspective ,which will be shown by the instructor, reduce RPM to 3500 for calm
winds. Select suitable RPM in case of strong winds(As rough guide 200 RPM per 5Kts
or 100 for each 5Km/h wind speed would be okay to begin with requiring reduction as
the appreciation improve at lower heights on approach ).

7. Flare-out and Touchdown: At flare-out heights (which will be shown by the

instructor) gently ease the stick back to reduce the rate of descent and progressively
raise the nose as the speed reduces to touchdown on the main wheels.
 CIRCUIT PATTERN: ZEN AIR

ROOL OUT 90’

Level turn 700’Level out RPM
4800 (Appx)

CROSS WIND 500’ CLIMBING

TURN
Roll out
parallel to
300’ REDUCE
RPM TO 5000

DW V/AS

DW

UNSTICK
50MPH

OPEN FULL
THROTTLE

RT CALL
REDUCE RPM 3000-3500
ON PERSPECTIVE WIND

LEVEL
TURN
DESCENDING
TURN
550’

ROLL OUT REDUCE LOWER NOSE

90’ R/W RPM (4000- SPEED 65MPH
 CONCLUSION

2. Every a/c has its standard operating procedures and check list which must be
followed during its handling and operation.
 AIRCRAFT PARTICULARS
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE AND EMERGENCY-PROCEDURES

Period - Three

Type - Lecture/Demo

Term - I Year

Revised by -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Training Aids

Aircraft model, Computer slides, pointer, white board, Marker and duster.

Time Plan
m) Introduction - 05 Min
n) Standard ground handling procedure - 15 Min
o) Emergency procedures - 15 Min
p) Conclusion - 05 Min
-----------
Total -40 Min
-----------

INTRODUCTION
(Slide 1)

1. As we have learned about various checks, operating procedure and

normal circuit pattern during the flying. .Today we will learn about standard
ground handling procedure and emergency procedures of Zen Air Microlite
Aircraft

AIM
(Slide-2)

2. To acquaint the cadets with the various groundhandling procedures and

emergency procedures followed on ground and in air. To arouse the interest in
cadets to know more aboutground handling of aircraft.
 PREVIEW
(Slide-3)

3. The class will be conducted on the following heads:

Part-I Standard ground handling procedure
Part-II Emergency procedures

STANDARD GROUND HANDLING PROCEDURE

(Slide 4-8)

Parking and picketing

• Park the aircraft on hard level ground, nose facing into the wind.
• Ensure that the surrounding area is free from obstructions and foreign objects.
• Place chocks on main and nose wheels.
• Ensure cabin doors are closed and locked.

4. Storage and Picketing

• Aircraft must be picketed inside the hangar only.

• Adequate clearance must be available,
• Picketing point must be hard, level and free from obstructions and foreign
objects.
• Ensure chocks are in position.
• Put the a/c covers on.

5. Towing Procedure

• Ensure the a/c is fit for towing. Under carriage is serviceable and tyre pressure
are correct.
• Ensure adequate wing tip and overhead clearance .
• Ensure wing tip walkers are positioned on either side to give wing tip clearance.
• Ensure propeller position is parallel to the ground.
• Hold the propeller mounting firmly.
• Place the nose wheel on the marked line.
• Pull the a/c gently and cautiously.
• Park the a/c on hard and level ground.
• Position the wheel chocks.

6. Refueling

• Cover the wind screen Perspex with waterproof cover to prevent hazing an
corrosion.
 • Use clean container funnel with chamois leather.
• Carry out contamination check and check for presence of water.
• Avoid spillage of fuel while refueling.
• Do not carry out refueling in windy conditions.

7. Occasions for Ground Run

• Carry out ground run at least once a week in case a/c is not flying.
• Carry out ground run on completion of schedule servicing or engine snag
rectification,
• Carry out ground run engine oil and oil filter change.
• Carry out ground run on out of phase servicing/repair/rectification of any engine
components or accessory.

EMERGENCY-PROCEDURES
(Slide 9-11)
8. ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND, BEFORE ENGINE START

• Continue cranking the engine

• Shut off fuel cock
• Open full throttle as soon as engine starts to blow out the fire
• Operate fire extinguisher in case fire tends to spread
• Check all switches OFF
• Unstrap and vacate cockpit
• Walk upwind of the aircraft

9. ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND, ENGINE RUNNING

• Shut off fuel cock

• Open throttle to blow out the fire
• Operate fire extinguisher in case fire tends to spread
• Check all switches OFF
• Unstrap and vacate cockpit
• Walk upwind of the aircraft

10. ENGINE FIRE IN AIR

• Shut off fuel cock

• Ignition OFF
• All electrical OFF
• Do not attempt to restart the engine
• Carry out a forced landing
11. BRAKE FAILURE WHILE TAXYING

Indications: Brakes feel flat and spongy with negligible to nil deceleration when
applied.

• Check throttle to idle

• Pump brake pedals to build up pressure
• Ignition OFF
• Control direction with rudder and avoid obstructions
• Once the aircraft comes to a stop give RT call
• Complete switch off drill
• Await assistance

NOTE: If brakes are found to be spongy during the down-wind checks, pump to revive
them. In case of no improvement, expect no brakes during the landing run. Take the
following actions:-

• Inform ATC
• Land at the beginning of runway
• Once firmly on ground, switch ignition OFF
• Maintain direction with rudder
• Pump brakes to improve response
• Once the aircraft comes to a stop complete the switch off procedure
• Await assistance
12. FIRE IN COCKPIT

Indicated by presence of smoke and burning smell.

-All electrical switches OFF

If fire persists, use fire extinguisher
Carry out immediate precautionary landing

13. RESTART PROCEDURE IN FLIGHT (AFTER FUEL STARVATION)

• Operate choke lever

• Check throttle at idle position
• Actuate starter switch
• Push choke lever in as the engine starts up
• Check engine parameters and smoothly open throttle as required

14. PROPELLER FAILURE

There have been instances of propeller flying off in flight. This will be indicated by:-
 Engine over speeding (loud whining noise and high rpm if the full prop flies off)
  High frequency vibrations on the airframe if only one or part of blade has flown
off.

ACTIONS:

• Immediately close throttle

• Ignition OFF
• Fuel OFF
• Plan to force land

Note: With the propeller disc missing the drag would be lesser resulting in lower rate of
descent during the pattern in comparison with a wind-milling propeller.

15. EMERGENCY LANDING

• Trim aircraft for best L/D at 45 mph

• Check flaps UP
• Identify forced landing field and feed into landing pattern
• Attempt to restart the engine
• At 'low-key' shut off fuel and ignition
• Carry out glide approach and landing

CONCLUSION
(Slide 12)
15. Every aircraft has its standardoperating procedures and emergency procedure
which must be followed during its handling and operation. So every pilot/ flying cadet
must know the standard operating procedures and emergency procedure before he gets
airborne everytime..