Torsional Testing machine

GROUP MEMBERS

Muhammad Ali Khan CU-375-2017

Ahsan Iqbal CU-357-2017

Mohsin Tariq CU-351-2017

Muhammad Bilal CU-376-2017

Mahmood Shah CU-354-2017

Muhammad Abbas CU-388-2017

Submitted to:

Engr. Awais Awan

Supervisor:

Mr.Gohar

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CECOS University of IT & Emerging Sciences

Table of Contents
Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Torsional testing machine: ........................................................................................................................ 3
Torsion test: .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Why performing a torsional test? .............................................................................................................. 3
Types of torsional tests: ........................................................................................................................ 4
Literature review: ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Project objectives and review: ................................................................................................................... 5
Usefulness of the project: ........................................................................................................................... 6
Methodology: ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Materials and equipment: ...................................................................................................................... 7
Experimental Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 7
Working plan: ............................................................................................................................................. 8

Figure 1. Torsion testing machine. ................................................................................................................ 3

Figure 2. Torsion test. ................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3. Axial testing. ................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4. Proof testing................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction:
Torsional testing machine:
Torsion testers or torque test machines measure the torsional
strength, stiffness and stress strain properties of materials
and products. Torsional testing machines are used to
simulate real life service conditions and to check product Figure 1. Torsion testing machine.
quality for products such as drill toll bit tips and medical
devices, screws and other fasteners, wire, and much more.

Torsion test:
A torsion test can be conducted on most materials to determine the torsional properties of the material.
These properties include but are not limited to:

 Modulus of elasticity in shear.

 Yield shear strength.
 Ultimate shear strength.
 Modulus of rupture in shear.
 Ductility.

Why performing a torsional test?

Many products and components are subjected to torsional forces during their operation. Products such as
biomedical catheter tubing, switches, fasteners, and automotive steering columns are just a few devices
subject to such torsional stresses. By testing these products in torsion, manufacturers are able to simulate
real life service conditions, check product quality, verify designs, and ensure proper manufacturing
techniques.

Torsion tests twist a material or test component to a specified degree, with a specified force, or until the
material fails in torsion. The twisting force of a torsion test is applied to the test sample by anchoring one
end so that it cannot move or rotate and applying a moment to the other end so that the sample is rotate
about it axis. The rotating moment may also be applied to both ends of the sample but the ends must be
rotated in opposite directions. The forces and mechanics found in this test are similar to those found in a
piece of that has on end held in a hand and the other end twisted by the other.
Types of torsional tests:
Torsion tests can be performed by applying only a rotational motion or by applying both axial (tension or
compression) and torsional forces. Types of torsion testing vary from product to product but can usually
be classified as failure, proof, or product operation testing.

 Torsion only:
Applying only torsional loads to the
test specimen.

Figure 2. Torsion test.

 Axial testing:
Applying both axial (tension or
compression) and torsional forces to the
test specimen.

Figure 3. Axial testing.

 Proof testing:
Applying a torsional load and holding
this torque load for a fixed amount of
time.

Figure 4. Proof testing.

Literature review:
In many areas of engineering applications, materials are sometimes subjected to torsion in
services, for example, drive shafts, axles and twisted drills. Moreover, structural applications such as
bridges, springs, car bodies, airplane fuselages and boat hulls are randomly subjected to torsion. The
materials used in this case should require not only adequate strength but also be able to
withstand torque in operation. Even though torsion test is not as universal as tension test and do not have
any standardized testing procedure, the significance lies on particular engineering applications and for the
study of plastic flow in materials. Torsion test is applicable for testing brittle materials such as tool steels
and the test has also been used to determine the forge-ability of the materials by means of torsion testing
at elevated temperatures.
Generally, torsion occurs when the twisting moment or torque is applied to a member. The torque
is the product of tangential force multiplied by the radial distance from the twisting axis and the tangent,
measured in a unit of N.m. In torsion testing, the relationship between torque and degree of rotation
is graphically presented and parameters such as ultimate torsional shearing strength (modulus of
rupture), shear strength at proportional limit and shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) are generally
investigated. Moreover, fracture surfaces of specimens tested under torsion can be used to determine the
characteristics of the materials whether it would fail in a brittle or a ductile manner.

Project objectives and review:

The following are the objectives and review of the project:

 To find the maximum shear stress in a material.

 To find the maximum torsion applied on a material.
 We will know about the torque to failure test or a static torsion of a material.
 To determine the behavior of the material.
 To determine the failure, proof and operational form of a material.
Usefulness of the project:

 Students are required to understand the principles of torsion testing, practice their testing skills
and interpreting the experimental results of the provided materials when failed under torsion.
 To determine the maximum shearing stress, shear stress at proportional limit, shear modulus or
modulus of rigidity and relationships between torque and degree of rotation of the tested
materials.
 Students are able to differentiate the ability of materials such as cast iron and brass to withstand
torque prior to torsion failure. Analysis and interpretation of the test parameters obtained should
be carried out in relation to the failure nature of each material.
 Students are capable of selecting materials for engineering applications associated with torsion.
Methodology:
Materials and equipment:
 Test specimens
 Micrometer or Vernier caliper
 Permanent pen
 Torsion testing machine

Experimental Procedure
 Measure initial diameter, initial length and initial gauge length of the specimen. Record these
parameters on the table provided.
 Draw a line using a permanent pen along the length of the test specimen. This line will help to
notice the degree of rotation during applying the twisting moment.
 Calibrate the testing equipment.
 Grip the test specimen on to the torsion testing machine using hexagonal sockets and make sure
the specimens are firmly mounted. Fit both ends of the specimen to input and torque shafts and
set reading on the torque meter to zero.
 Start twisting the specimen at strain increment of 0.5 until failure occurs. Record the
received data rotation in the table provided for the construction of torque and degree
relationship
 Construct the relationship between shear stress and shear strain. Determine maximum shear
stress, shear stress at proportional limit and modulus of rigidity.
 Sketch fracture surfaces of failed specimens and described their natures in the table provided.
 Discuss and conclude the obtained experimental results.
Working plan:

Task Name Week #6 Week #12 Week#13 Week #14 Week #15

Proposal
submission.

Collecting
samples

Applying
torsional stress
and collecting
information

Submission of
research
proposal

Presentation