International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-6, Issue-3, Mar- 2019]

https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6.3.33 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)

Correlation of Weighting Coefficient at

Weighted Total Acceleration with Rayleigh
Distribution and with Pierson-Moskowitz
Spectrum
Syawaluddin Hutahaean
Ocean Engineering Program, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,-Bandung Institute of Technology
(ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract— This paper describes the research on the equations, wave height maximum is calculated using
correlation between weighting coefficient in weighted wave amplitude maximum equation, by changing the
total acceleration equation with wave height distribution value of weighting coefficient until the wave height that is
from Rayleigh and with Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. The similar to the wave height that becomes the input for
research is done using dispersion equation for deep water Wiegel equation and Silvester equation is obtained. The
wave where there is wave amplitude as its variable and a obtained weighting coefficient is different for the two
limitation of wave height maximum for a wave period. equations. From the two weighting coefficient values, the
From that dispersion equation, a maximum wave height characteristics of the closeness with the Rayleigh
equation is formulated for a wave period. distribution coefficient are obtained.
Keywords— weighting coefficient, Rayleigh distribution
coefficient. Furthermore, studying the Rayleigh distribution
coefficientproduced weighting coefficient values that
I. INTRODUCTION correspondsto Rayleigh coefficient. Silvester equation
Hutahaean (2019) obtained weighted total acceleration (1974), formulated using Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum,
𝐷𝐹 Ƌ𝐹 obtained that wave height at the equation is for a certain
equation for a function 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑡) in the form of =𝛾 +
𝑑𝑡 Ƌ𝑡
Ƌ𝐹 weighting coefficient value that is correlated with𝐻 1⁄ .
𝑢 , where 𝛾 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐oefficient with a value 10
Ƌ𝑥
around 2.784-3.160 which is obtained analytically using
II. DISPERSION EQUATION AT DEEP
surface water equation and particle velocity equation of
WATER
the linear wave theory. Using the weighted total
Dispersion equation at deep water (Hutahaean, 2019) is a
acceleration, Hutahaean (2019) formulated dispersion
function of wave amplitude A, by ignoring bottom slope
equation for deep water wave where there is wave
is
amplitude as its variable and also maximum wave 𝑘𝐴0
amplitude for a wave period. From that dispersion 𝛾 2 𝜎 2 = 𝑔𝑘 (1 − ( )) .........(1)
2
equation, wave height maximum equation is formulated 𝛾is a weighting coefficient at the weighted total
for a wave period value resulted in different wave height acceleration or total derivative equation, where the result
maximu m for different 𝛾 value. of Hutahaean research (2019) analytically using water
surface equation and particle velocity of linear wave
There are various waves heights, the most commonly theory obtained𝛾value of 2.784-3.160. 𝜎is angular
used being the significant wave height 𝐻𝑠 or is often also 2𝜋
frequency 𝜎 = , 𝑇is wave period, 𝑔is gravity velocity,
called𝐻 1⁄ . Therefore, a hypothesis can be made that 𝑇
3 𝑘is wave number and𝐴0 is deep water wave amplitude.
there is a value of weighting coefficient that correlates Equation (1) has a solution if the value of
with 𝐻 1⁄ . determinant 𝐷 ≥ 0, where
3
Wiegel (1949 and 1964) and Silvester (1974) produceda 𝑔 𝐴0
𝐷 = 𝑔2 − 4 ( ) (𝛾 2 𝜎 2 ).
2
relation between wave period and deep water wave
for𝐷 = 0
height, where with an input of a wave height, its wave 𝑔
period can be calculated. Using wave period from the two 𝐴0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 = .......(2)
2𝛾2 𝜎2

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-6, Issue-3, Mar- 2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6.3.33 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Using (2), wave amplitude 𝐴0 at the deep water can be As with the comparative study with Wiegel equation, the
calculated, which is 𝐴0 maximum at the concerned wave study is done by providing an input of a wave height that
period, where with the assumption that at the deep water is assumed as 𝐻 1⁄ and the wave period is calculated with
3
the wave profile is still sinusoidal, then𝐻0 maximum is (4). Then, using𝑇𝑆𝑖𝑙 , 𝐻 1⁄ is calculated with (2). By
3−𝑚
twice𝐴0 maximum. In addition, in (2) there is also a
experimenting the value of𝛾,the value of𝛾 = 2.211 is
relation that wave height maximum is also determined by 𝐻1
⁄3
the value of 𝛾. produced.The value of i is obtained as 0.31, although
𝐿
1
it is close to = 0.318it is still somewhat smaller. Thus
𝜋
2.1. Comparative Study with Wiegel Equation (1949 shows that with wave period (4) the wave is only in
and 1964)
critical condition, notbreaking yet. Wave length
𝐿calculation with (1) is done using wave period
Wiegel (1949 and 1964) produced a relation between 1.0001𝑇𝑆𝑖𝑙 .
wave period with𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 , i.e.
Table.2: Comparison of (2) with Silvester equation
𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.5
𝑇𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 = 15.6 ( ) .........(3) 𝐻 1⁄ 𝑇 𝐻 1⁄ 𝐻1⁄ −𝑚
𝑔 3 𝑆𝑖𝑙 3 3
Study at Wiegel equation is done by providing an input of (m) (sec) 𝐿 (m)
wave height at (3) and is assumed as𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 and 𝑇𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 is 1 4,44 0,31 1
calculated. Then, using the 𝑇𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 , 𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑚 is calculated 1,5 5,43 0,31 1,5
with (2), byexperimenting the value of γ. Table (1) shows 2 6,27 0,31 2
the result of the calculation with 𝛾 = 2.483, where 2,5 7,01 0,31 2,5
produced 𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑚 = 𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 . Therefore (2) provides a 3 7,68 0,31 3
result that corresponds to Wiegel equation at the value of 3,5 8,3 0,31 3,5
𝛾 = 2.483. Using wave period 𝑇𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 and with𝐴0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
4 8,87 0,31 4
𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥
, wave length L is calculated with (1) and 4,5 9,41 0,31 4,5
2 𝐿
where constant value of 0.32 is obtained which is a 5 9,92 0,31 5
𝐻𝑏 1
critical wave steepness from Hutahaean (2019), i.e. =
𝐿𝑏 𝜋
. 𝐻𝑏 is breaker height and𝐿𝑏 is breaker length. At the wave 2.3. The Correlation between Weighting Coefficient
length 𝐿 calculation, the value of𝑇𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 is multiplied with and Rayleigh Distribution
Comparative study between Wiegel equation and
coefficient 1.0001, to prevent determinant 𝐷 < 0 from
Silvester equation produced different 𝛾value. At (2) it can
happening.
be seen that the bigger the value of𝛾the smaller
Table.1: Comparison of (2) with Wiegelequation
the𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 . If wave amplitude calculation is done with
𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐻0−𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑚
(2),
(m) (sec) 𝐿 (m)
1 4,98 0,32 1 𝑔
Wiegel, 𝛾 = 2.483 : 𝐴𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 =
1,5 6,1 0,32 1,5 2𝑥2.4832 𝜎2
𝑔
2 7,04 0,32 2 Silvester, 𝛾 = 2.211 : 𝐴𝑆𝑖𝑙 =
2𝑥2.2112 𝜎2

2,5 7,88 0,32 2,5 𝐻𝑆𝑖𝑙 𝐴𝑆𝑖𝑙 2.4832

= = = 1.261
3 8,63 0,32 3 𝐻𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 𝐴𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔 2.2112
3,5 9,32 0,32 3,5 The comparative number is close enough with the value
𝐻1
⁄10
4 9,96 0,32 4 of = 1.271, where it can be estimated that there is
𝐻 1⁄
3
4,5 10,57 0,32 4,5 2.4832
5 11,14 0,32 5 𝛾value where = 1.271, and other relation. To learn
𝛾2
that, coefficient distribution from Rayleigh will be used.
2.2. Comparative Study with Silvester Equation
(1974) The relation between 𝐻𝑝and𝐻1⁄ for0 < 𝑝 ≤ 1is obtained
3
Silvester (1974), formulated a relation between wave from Rayleigh coefficient (Forristall (1978)),i.e
period and 𝐻 1⁄ using Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum, i.e. 𝐻𝑝 = 𝛼𝑝 𝐻𝑟𝑚𝑠 ..................(5)
3
1 √𝜋 1
𝑇𝑆𝑖𝑙 = √19.68𝐻 1⁄ . ....................(4) 𝛼𝑝 = ln √ + 𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 (√ln ) ................(6)
3 𝑝 2𝑝 𝑝

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-6, Issue-3, Mar- 2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6.3.33 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
From (4) relation between𝐻𝑝and𝐻 1⁄ can be made value and Rayleigh distribution coefficient and this shows
3
𝐻𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝 𝐻1⁄ ...............(7) the existence of weighted total acceleration equation
3
𝛼𝑝 withits weighting coefficient in the nature.
𝑐𝑝 = ................(8) Therefore, the study at this section shows that the value of
𝛼1⁄
3
Table.3: Rayleigh distribution coefficient 𝛾 = 2.483, correlates with 𝐻 1⁄ so that Wiegel equation
3
𝑝 (3) is an equation for 𝐻 1⁄ , whereas the value of 𝛾 =
3
𝐻𝑝
𝑐𝑝 = 2.202is in accordance with Silvester equation (4) and
𝐻 1⁄
3 correlates with𝐻 1⁄ , therefore Silvester equation is the
10
1⁄
10 1,271 equation for 𝐻 1⁄ .
10
1⁄
9 1,25 2.4. The Correlation of Weighting Coefficient with
1⁄ Pierson- Moskowitz spectrum
8 1,226
1⁄ In addition to producing a relation between wave period
7 1,198
and wave height, Silvester (1974), also produces a
1⁄
6 1,165 relation between wind velocity 𝑈19.5 andwave period
1⁄ forFAS (Fully Arisen Sea) condition, where𝑈19.5 is wind
5 1,124
1⁄ velocity measured at an elevation of 19.5 m from the
4 1,072
surface. The relation is also formulated using Pierson-
1⁄
3 1 Moskowitz spectrum. The form of the relation is .
1⁄ 𝑇=
2𝜋
𝑈19.5 sec. ........(9)
2 0,887 𝑔
1 0,626 where𝑔(𝑚/𝑠𝑒 𝑐 is gravity acceleration and𝑈19 .5 (𝑚/
2)
𝐻𝑆𝑖𝑙
Table (3) shows that is quite close with the value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐) is wind velocity.
𝐻𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑔
𝐻1
⁄10
. Furthermore, through an experiment, 𝛾values are Table.5: The calculation of𝐻 1⁄ and𝑇1⁄ at FAS
𝐻 1⁄ 10 10
3
𝛾2 𝐻𝑝 condition
obtained where = . The result of the calculation
2.4832 𝐻1⁄ 𝑇1⁄ 𝐻1⁄ 𝑇1⁄
3 𝑈19.5 10 10 10 −𝑆𝑖𝑙
can be seen on Table (4). (m/sec) (sec) (m) (sec)
5 3,2 0,53 3,22
Table.4: Correlation between the value of 𝛾and Rayleigh 10 6,4 2,1 6,43
distribution
15 9,61 4,73 9,65
𝐻
𝑝 𝑝 𝛾2 𝛾 20 12,81 8,41 12,86
𝐻 1⁄ 2
3 2.483 25 16,01 13,14 16,08
1⁄
10 1,271 1,272 2,202
1⁄
9 1,25 1,25 2,221 20
H-1/10 (m) and T-1/10

1⁄ 15
8 1,226 1,225 2,243
1⁄ 10
7 1,198 1,198 2,269
(sec)

1⁄ 5
6 1,165 1,164 2,301
1⁄ 0
5 1,124 1,124 2,342 -5 5 15 25
1⁄
4 1,072 1,072 2,398 U-19.5 (m/sec)
1⁄
3 1 1 2,483
1⁄ T-1/10 H-1/10
2 0,887 0,887 2,636
1 0,626 0,626 3,138 Fig.1: Relation between𝑈19 .5with𝑇1⁄ (wave period
10
for𝐻1⁄ ) and𝐻 1⁄
10 10
Table (4) shows that if the value of 𝛾 = 2.483is assumed
to correspond to 𝐻 1⁄ , then𝛾 = 2.202correspondsto
3 𝑇1⁄ (wave period for𝐻1⁄ ), is calculated with (9),
10 10
𝐻 1⁄ , 𝛾 = 2.342corresponds to 𝐻 1⁄ , etc. This proves
10 5 𝐻 1⁄ is calculated with (2) using wave period 𝑇1⁄ and
10 10
that there is a correlation between weighting coefficient

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-6, Issue-3, Mar- 2019]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6.3.33 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
𝛾 = 2.202, whereas𝑇1⁄ at column 4 is calculated III. CONCLUSION
10 −𝑆𝑖𝑙
with (4), where the wave height is 𝐻 1⁄ at column 3. The result of the study that has been done, obtained that
10
weighting coefficient at the weighted total acceleration
Wave period in column 2 does not differ much with wave
equation correlates with Rayleigh distributionand Pierson-
period at column 4 and can be said it is the same. It can be
Moskowitz spectrum. Considering that Rayleigh
concluded that the calculation of 𝐻 1⁄ with (2)using𝛾 =
10 distribution and Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum were
2.202produces a wave height that is in accordance with formulated based on data in the nature, then this proofs
wave height at the Silvester equation. Therefore, from the the existence of weighting coefficient in the nature.
result, it can be said that wave height (4) is 𝐻 1⁄ . It is The calculation of significant wave height can be done
10
estimated that this is because (4) and (9) are formulated at using maximum wave amplitude equation using 𝛾 =
the peak of spectrum. 2.483. Wave dynamics modeling can be done using
Then to obtain 𝐻 1⁄ and𝑇1⁄ (wave period for𝐻 1⁄ ) at FAS weighted total acceleration equation with
3 3 3
condition, 𝐻 1⁄ at column 2 in Table (5) is divided with weightingcoefficient 𝛾 = 2.483.
10
Analytically, using sinusoidal water surface equation
1.271, followed 𝑇1⁄ calculation using Wiegel equation and particle velocity equation of the linear wave theory
3
(3). With the𝑇1⁄ , 𝐻 1⁄ ( ) is calculated using (2) and 𝛾 = the value of𝛾is obtained between 2.784-3.160, whereas in
3 3− 2
2.483. The result of the calculation is presented inTable this research the obtained value of γis smaller, i.e. 2.483
(6), which shows that 𝐻 1⁄ = 𝐻 1⁄ − (2) which can be for𝐻1⁄ and 2.202 for𝐻1⁄ . This can be concluded that
3 3 3 10

interpreted that 𝛾 = 2.483correlates with 𝐻1⁄ from there is another sinusoidal water surface equation that will
3
produce weighting coefficient value of 2.483 and 2.202.
Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum, whereas wave height in
Therefore, further research that should be done is to
Wiegel equation (3) is an equation for𝐻 1⁄ .
3 conduct a research on the sinusoidal water surface
equation, where the equation will have an influence on
Table.6: The Calculation of 𝐻 1⁄ and𝑇1⁄ at FAS condition another wave parameter, i.e. wave length.
3 3

𝑈19 .5 𝐻1⁄ 𝐻 1⁄ 𝑇1⁄ 𝐻 1⁄ ( )

10 3 3 3− 2
(m/sec) (m) (m) (sec) (m) REFERENCES
[1] Syawaluddin Hutahaean(2019).Application of
5 0,41 0,41 3,2 0,41
Weighted Total Acceleration Equation on
10 1,65 1,65 6,41 1,65
Wavelength Calculation. International Journal of
15 3,72 3,72 9,61 3,72 Advanced Engineering Research and Science (ISSN
20 6,62 6,62 12,81 6,62 : 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)),6(2), 251-258.
25 10,34 10,34 16,01 10,34 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ ijaers.6.2.31
The result of the study in this section is that the value of [2] Silvester, R. (1974). Coastal Engineering, I.
weighting coefficient 𝛾 = 2.202correlates with Generation, propagation and influnce of waves.
𝐻 1⁄ whereas𝛾 = 2.483correlates with 𝐻 1⁄ at Pierson- Elsevier Scienctific Publishing Company,
10 3
Moskowitz spectrum. Amsterdam London New York 1974. pp.88.
[3] Wiegel,R.L. (1949). An Analysisis of Data from
Wave Recorders on the Pacific Coast of tht United
20
States, Trans.Am. Geophys. Union, Vol.30, pp.700-
H-1/3 (m) and T-1/3(sec)

15 704.
10 [4] Wiegel,R.L. (1964). Oceanographical Engineering,
5 Prentice-Hall, Englewoods Cliffs,N.J.
[5] Forristall, G.Z. (1978). On The Statistical
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 Distribution of Wave Heights in a Storm.
J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.83, No.C5, 1978.
U-19.5 (m)

T-1/3 H-1/3

Fig.2: Relation between 𝑈19.5 and 𝑇1⁄ (wave period

3
for𝐻1⁄ ) and 𝐻 1⁄
3 3

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