V REGLA DE LA CADENA PARA CAMPOS ESCALARES EN ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE PRIMER ORDEN:

𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
1. Dada la función 𝜑, expresada de la forma φ(x, y) = 𝑦 2 𝜙 (𝑥 2 +𝑦2 , 𝑥 2 −𝑦2 ) donde 𝜑 es una función de dos
variables independientes, demuestre sí o no satisface a la ecuación diferencial en derivadas parciales de
𝑥 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 2𝜑
primer orden. Demostrar que: 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 = 𝑦
φ(x, y) = 𝑦 2 𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) → Con (𝑁, 𝑀) = ((𝑥 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 , (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−1 )
2

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑀
Derivada parcial de ϕ con respecto de x → = 𝑦2 ( , )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
= 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 − (2𝑥(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−2 ) = −2𝑥(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−1 − 2𝑥(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
= 2𝑥[(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 − ((𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−2 )] = −2𝑥[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−1 + (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−2 )]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝜕𝑁 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑥2
= 2𝑥 [ ] = −2𝑥 [ ]
𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )2

𝜕𝑁 4𝑥𝑦 2 𝜕𝑀
=[ 2 ] =0
𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜙 4𝑥𝑦 2
= 𝑦2 [ [ 2 ] , 0]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑀
Derivada parcial de ϕ con respecto y → = 2𝑦𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) + 𝑦 2 ( , )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
= −2𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 − 2𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−2 = 2𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−1 + 2𝑦(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
= −2𝑦[(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−2 ] = 2𝑦[(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−1 + (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )−2 )]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑁 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 𝜕𝑁 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑥2
= −2𝑦 [ ] = 2𝑦 [ ]
𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )2

𝜕𝑁 −4𝑦𝑥 2 𝜕𝑀
=[ 2 ] =0
𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜙 −4𝑦𝑥 2
= [2𝑦𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) + 𝑦 2 ( [ 2 ] , 0)]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2
Ahora analizamos la igualdad:

𝑥 2 𝜕𝜙 4𝑥𝑦 2 2
𝜕𝜙 −4𝑦𝑥 2 2𝜑
(𝑦 [ [ 2 2 2
] , 0]) + [2𝑦𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) + 𝑦 ( [ 2 2 2
] , 0)] =
𝑦 𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 𝑦

𝜕𝜙 4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝜕𝜙 −4𝑦 3 𝑥 2 2𝜑
([ [ 2 ] , 0]) + [2𝑦𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) + ( [ ] , 0)] =
𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝑦

𝜕𝜙 4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝜕𝜙 4𝑦 3 𝑥 2 2𝜑
([ [ 2 ] , 0]) + (− [ ] , 0) + 2𝑦𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) =
𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝜕𝑁 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 𝑦

2𝜑
(0,0) + 2𝑦𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀) = → 𝜑 = 𝑦^2 𝜙(𝑁, 𝑀)
𝑦

x y
2. Aplicando la regla de la cadena, si Z = x 2 φ ( , ) posee derivadas parciales continuas, demuestre que:
y x
∂Z x ∂Z 2Z
+ = Analiza si se cumple la igualdad.
∂y y ∂x y

Z = 𝑥 2 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀)
𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑀
Derivada parcial de Z con respecto de x →
𝜕𝑥
= 2𝑥 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀) + 𝑥2 ( ,
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑥
)

𝜕𝑁
= 𝑦 −1
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀
= −𝑥 −2 𝑦
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
= 2𝑥 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀) + 𝑥 2 ( (𝑦 −1 ), (−𝑥 −2 𝑦))
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑀
Derivada parcial de Z con respecto de y → 𝜕𝑦 = 𝑥2 (𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑦 , 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑦 )

𝜕𝑁
= −𝑦 −2 𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑀
= 𝑥 −1
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 −1
= 𝑥 2 ( (−𝑦 −2 𝑥), (𝑥 ))
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
Ahora analizamos la igualdad:

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 −1 𝑥 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 2𝑍
𝑥2 ( (−𝑦 −2 𝑥), (𝑥 )) + (2𝑥 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀) + 𝑥 2 ( (𝑦 −1 ), (−𝑥 −2 𝑦))) =
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀 𝑦 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀 𝑦

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 2𝑥 2 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 2𝑍
( (−𝑦 −2 𝑥 3 ), (𝑥)) + 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀) + ( (𝑥 3 𝑦 −2 ), (−𝑥)) =
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀 𝑦 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀 𝑦
2𝑍 2𝑥 2
= 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀) → 𝑍 = 𝑥 2 𝜑(𝑁, 𝑀)
𝑦 𝑦
IV REGLA DE LA CADENA PARA CAMPOS ESCALARES EN ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE PRIMER ORDEN:
1. Sean 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 2  𝑅3 𝑦 𝑔 ∶ 𝑅 3  𝑅2 dos campos vectoriales definidos como sigue:
𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤) = (𝑢 + 2𝑣 2 + 3𝑤 3 + cos(𝑡))𝑖 + (2𝑣 − 𝑢2 )𝑗 ;
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑒 𝑥+2𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑖 + (2𝑒 3𝑥−𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑗 − (4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑘
a. Calcular la función compuesta y evaluarla en el punto donde 𝑔(0, 1, −1) hallar
𝐉𝐡(x, y)  𝐉𝐟 𝐠(u, v, w)

𝜕(𝑔1 , 𝑔2 ) 𝜕(𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 )
[ ] 2𝑥3 [ ] 3𝑥2
𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤) 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦)

𝜕𝑔1 𝜕𝑔1 𝜕𝑔1

𝑔1 = 𝑢 + 2𝑣 2 + 3𝑤 2 + cos(𝑤) → = 1; = 4𝑣; = 6𝑤 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑤)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤

𝜕𝑔2 𝜕𝑔2 𝜕𝑔2

𝑔2 = 𝑛𝑣 − 𝑢2 → = −2𝑢; = 2; =0
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤

𝜕𝑓1 𝜕𝑓1
𝑓1 = 𝑒 𝑥+2𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 → = 𝑒 𝑥+2𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 ; = 2𝑒 𝑥+2𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑓2 𝜕𝑓2
𝑓2 = 2𝑒 3𝑥−𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 → = 6𝑒 3𝑥−𝑦 + 2𝑦; = −2𝑒 3𝑥−𝑦 − 𝑥 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑓3 𝜕𝑓3
𝑓3 = 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑥 → = 4𝑦 + 1; = 4𝑥 − 1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑒 𝑥+2𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 2𝑒 𝑥+2𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦

1 4𝑣 6𝑤 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑤)
[ ] [6𝑒 3𝑥−𝑦 + 2𝑦 −2𝑒 3𝑥−𝑦 − 𝑥 2 ] = 𝐉𝐟 𝐠(u, v, w)
−2𝑢 2 0
4𝑦 + 1 4𝑥 − 1

𝑔(0,1, −1) → 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤) = (𝑢 + 2𝑣 + 3𝑤 2 + cos(𝑤))𝑖 + (2𝑣 − 𝑢2 )𝑗

𝑔(0,1, −1) = (5 + cos(−1))𝑖 + 2𝑗 = 6𝑖 + 2𝑗 = ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦)
10
−6 𝑒 16+ 8 2𝑒 10 + 48
1 4 16
𝐉𝐡(x, y)] = [ ][ ]
0 2 0 6𝑒 − 4 −2𝑒 − 36
5 23
2. Sean 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 3  𝑅2 𝑦 𝑔 ∶ 𝑅 2  𝑅4 dos campos vectoriales definidos como sigue:
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 )𝑖 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑗 ;
𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣) = (𝑢𝑣 )𝑖 + (𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑣 − 𝑢)𝑗 + (𝑣 2𝑢 )𝑘 + (− cos(𝑢 − 𝑣))𝑙
a. Calcular la función compuesta y evaluarla en el punto donde 𝑔(0, 1, −1) hallar
𝐉𝐡(u, v)  𝐉𝐠𝐟(x, y, z)

𝜕(𝑔1 , 𝑔2 , 𝑔3 , 𝑔4 ) 𝜕(𝑓1 , 𝑓2 )
[ ] 4𝑥2 [ ] 2𝑥3
𝜕(𝑢, 𝑣) 𝜕(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

𝜕𝑔1 𝜕𝑔1
𝑔1 = 𝑢𝑣 → = 𝑣𝑢𝑣−1 ; = 𝑢^ln(𝑢)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

𝜕𝑔2 𝜕𝑔2
𝑔2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑣 − 𝑢) → = − cos(𝑣 − 𝑢) ; = cos(𝑣 − 𝑢)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

𝜕𝑔3 𝜕𝑔3
𝑔3 = 𝑣 2𝑢 → = 2𝑣 2𝑢 ln(𝑣) ; = 2𝑢𝑣 2𝑢−1
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

𝜕𝑔4 𝜕𝑔4
𝑔4 = − cos(𝑢 − 𝑣) → = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢 − 𝑣); = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢 − 𝑣)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣

𝜕𝑓1 𝜕𝑓1 𝜕𝑓1

𝑓1 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 → = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 ; = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 ; =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑓2 𝜕𝑓2 𝜕𝑓2

𝑓2 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 → = 2𝑥; = −1; =1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑣𝑢𝑣−1 𝑢𝑣 ln(𝑢)
−cos(𝑣 − 𝑢) cos(𝑣 − 𝑢) 𝑥+𝑦
𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 0
2𝑢 2𝑢−1 [𝑒 ] = 𝐉𝐠𝐟(x, y, z)
2𝑣 ln(𝑢) 2𝑢𝑣 2𝑥 −1 1
[ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢 − 𝑣) −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢 − 𝑣)]

𝑓(0,0,1) → 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 )𝑖 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑗

𝑓(0,0,1) = (𝑒 0 )𝑖 + 𝑗 = ℎ(𝑢, 𝑣)
1 0 1 1 0
−1 1 1 1 0 −1 −2 1
𝐉𝐡(u, v)] = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 2 0 −1 1 0 −2 2
0 0 0 0 0
VIII. MÁXIMOS Y MÍNIMOS RELATIVOS:
1. Encuentre los valores máximos, mínimos locales y puntos de silla (o ensilladura) si los hay para las
siguientes funciones, al final utiliza un graficador para ver los puntos.
a. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 (6 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) = 6𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 4
i. Condición necesaria.
⃗ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0
∇
𝜕𝑓
= 12𝑥𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 2𝑥𝑦 4 = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓
= 18𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 0
𝜕𝑦
Entonces se buscan puntos críticos:
𝑦 3 (12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦) = 0 → (𝑦 3 = 0) ∨ (12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0)
𝑥 2 (18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 ) = 0 → (𝑥 2 = 0) ∨ (18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 = 0)
[(𝑦 3 = 0) ∨ (12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0)] ∧ [(𝑥 2 = 0) ∨ (18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 = 0)]
 𝑦 3 = 0 ∧ 𝑥 2 = 0 → 𝑃1 (0,0)
 𝑦 3 = 0 ∧ 18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 ∧ 0 = 0 → 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜
 𝑥 2 = 0 ∧ 12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 ∧ 0 =→ 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜
 12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0 ∧ 18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 = 0
𝑥(12 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0 ∧ 𝑦 2 (18 − 3𝑥 − 4𝑦) = 0
[(𝑥 = 0) ∨ (12 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0)] ∧ [(𝑦 2 = 0) ∨ (18 − 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 0)]
 𝑥 = 0 ∧ 𝑦 2 = 0 → 0,0 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜 𝑃1
9 9
 𝑥 = 0 ∧ 18 − 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 0 → 18 − 4𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 2 → 𝑃2 (0, 2 )
 𝑦 2 = 0 ∧ 12 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 → 12 − 3𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 4 → 𝑃3 (4,0)
 −3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0 ∧ −3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 18 = 0
−3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −12(−1) → 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖ò𝑛
−3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −18
0 − 2𝑦 = −6
6
𝑦=2→𝑦=3
−3𝑥 − 4(3) = −18 → 𝑥 = 2 → 𝑃4 (2,3)
9
Puntos críticos obtenidos → 𝑃1 (0,0); 𝑃2 (0, 2 ) ; 𝑃3 (4,0); 𝑃4 (2,3)

ii. Condición suficiente.

𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝜕(𝑦 3 (12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)
𝑎11 = ( )= = 𝑦 3 (12 − 6𝑥 − 2𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝜕(𝑦 3 (12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)
𝑎12 = ( )= = 𝑦 2 (36𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦)
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝜕(𝑥 2 (18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 )
𝑎21 = ( )= = 𝑦 2 (36𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝜕(𝑥 2 (18𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 3 )
𝑎22 = ( )= = 𝑥 2 (36𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 2 )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
 𝑦 3 (12 − 6𝑥 − 2𝑦) 𝑦 2 (36𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦)
𝐻(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ 2 ]
𝑦 (36𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦) 𝑥 2 (36𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 2 )

0 0 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
𝐻(𝑃1 (0,0)) = [ ] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 0⋀ ( ) = 0 → 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
0 0 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
9 27 𝜕 𝜕𝑓 27
𝐻 (𝑃2 (0, )) = [ 2 0] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 0 ∧ ( ) = → 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎
2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 2
0 0
0 0 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
𝐻(𝑃3 (4,0)) = [ ] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 0 ∧ ( ) = 0 → 𝑚𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
0 0 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
−162 −108 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
𝐻(𝑃4 (2,3)) = [ ] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 11664 ∧ ( ) = −162 → 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
−108 −144 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
b. 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 10𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4
i. Condición necesaria.
⃗ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0
∇
𝜕𝑔
= 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑔
= 6𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝜕𝑦
𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 → 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0 ∧ 6𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 4 = 0
2𝑥 = −6𝑦 → (1) 𝑥 = −3𝑦
6(−3𝑦) + 20𝑦 − 4 = 0 → 2𝑦 = 4 → (2) 𝑦 = 2
𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 (2)𝑒𝑛 (1) → 𝑥 = −3(2) → 𝑥 = −6
𝑃1 (−6,2) → ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
ii. Condición suficiente
𝜕 𝜕𝑔
𝑎11 = ( )=2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑔
𝑎12 = ( )=6
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑔
𝑎21 = ( )=6
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕𝑔
𝑎22 = ( ) = 20
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
2 6
𝐻(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
6 20
2 6 𝜕 𝜕𝑔
𝐻(𝑃1 (−6,2) = [ ] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 4 ∧ ( ) = 2 → 𝑃1 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
6 20 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
c. ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 2𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 + 1
i. Condición necesaria.

⃗∇𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0
𝜕ℎ
= 2𝑥𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 3 = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕ℎ
= 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑦
Buscamos puntos críticos:
[(𝑦 3 = 0) ∨ (2𝑥 − 2 = 0) ∧ (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 0)]
 𝑦 = 0 ∧ 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 0 → 3𝑥 2 (0) − 6𝑥(0) + 3(0) + 2(0) = 0
𝑦 = 0 ∧ 0 = 0 → 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
 2𝑥 = 2 → 𝑥 = 1 ∧ 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 0
3(1)𝑦 2 − 6(1)𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 0 → 6𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑃1 (1,0)
ii. Condición suficiente
𝜕 𝜕ℎ
𝑎11 = ( ) = 2𝑦 3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕ℎ
𝑎12 = ( ) = 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕ℎ
𝑎21 = ( ) = 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕ℎ
𝑎22 = ( ) = 6𝑥 2 𝑦 − 12𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 + 2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
2𝑦 3 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 2
ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
6𝑥𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 2 2
6𝑥 𝑦 − 12𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 + 2

0 0 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
ℎ(𝑃1 (1,0)) = [ ] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = 2 ∧ ( ) = 0 →
0 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
 2 4
d. 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 + +
𝑥 𝑦
i. Condición necesaria.
⃗ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0
∇

𝜕𝑘
= 𝑦 − 2𝑥 −2 = 0
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑘
= 𝑥 − 4𝑦 −2 = 0
𝜕𝑦

Buscamos puntos críticos

(𝑦 − 2𝑥 −2 = 0) ∧ ( 𝑥 − 4𝑦 −2 = 0)
(1) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 −2 ∧ (2) 𝑥 = 4𝑦 −2
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 (2) 𝑒𝑛 (1)

3 1 1
𝑦 = 2(4𝑦 −2 )−2 → 𝑦 = 8𝑦 4 → 𝑦 = √ → 𝑦 = (3)
8 2

𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 (3) 𝑒𝑛 (2)

1 −2
𝑥 = 4 ( ) → 𝑥 = 16
2
1
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑃1 (16, )
2
ii. Condición suficiente
𝜕 𝜕𝑘
𝑎11 = ( ) = 4𝑥 −3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑘
𝑎12 = ( )=1
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑘
𝑎21 = ( )=1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕𝑘
𝑎22 = ( ) = 8𝑦 −3
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
4𝑥 −3 1
𝐻(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
1 8𝑦 −3

1 1 15 𝜕 𝜕𝑓 1
𝐻(𝑃1 (16, ) = [1024 1 ] → 𝐷𝑒𝑡 = − ∧ ( ) = → 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎
2 16 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 1024
1 64