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BOOK REVIEW
The Elements of Journalism
BILL KOVACH AND TOM ROSENSTIEL
NEW YORK: Crown Publishers, 2007
269 pp., US$14.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-0307346704
Reviewers: Peter, Ada Sonia, Ph.D. and Ekeanyanwu, Nnamdi T., Ph.D.
(Department of Mass Communication, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria)
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may look; we perceive more than and the face of journalism all over
half of these journalism ideals as the world. There are persons today
“unrealistic” in an era where who rely on such platforms for their
technology has created a new daily news and other journalistic
economic and cultural organization needs.
of journalism. An era were As Yochai Benkler (2006)
alternative media are exploding and has argued, the network information
are increasingly performing economy offers a platform for the
functions previously reserved to the public sphere that is in many respects
formal/traditional press. superior to the platform created by
Going down memory lane the mass media. By reducing the cost
with obvious scenarios and events in of becoming a speaker, the Internet
different parts of the globe, these has enabled far greater numbers of
ideals proposed by Kovach and people to enter the public debate.
Rosenstiel have only succeeded in Furthermore, instead of simply
denoting an art that does not attempt becoming a cacophonous “Tower of
to represent external, recognizable Babel” or a series of echo chambers
reality. In essence, sixty percent of fragmented and polarized views,
(enough percentage to raise the Web has developed a variety of
questions) of these ideals have never peer-produced mechanisms for
really worked in any known context. filtering and evaluating facts and
This is why we regard them as mere opinions and organizing public
“fantasy” elements of journalism. discussion at higher levels. The
Futuristically, the Internet is promise of new political and cultural
clearly enriching the public sphere in creativity is extraordinary, but
other ways. While it may not yet technology alone does not guarantee
support the more costly forms of that the potential will be realized.
journalism, it offers a vast range of Some of the new developments are
opinion, reduces the barriers to entry deeply threatening to established
for individual writers and new interests, which may use their
publications, and facilitates the political influence to bend law and
growth of collaborative, non-market regulation to their own advantage.
production online, as exemplified by Futuristically, the journalism
such phenomena as open-source profession must admit the existence
software and Wiki publications. of her covered up wounds in her
These new forms of social mode of operations.
production have already begun to From a global perspective,
serve some of the classic watchdog these ideals pay lip service to the
functions of the press without the profession and the public.
propounded ideal of journalism. Sometimes they hypnotise the
Look at social media networks for unsuspecting public about the morass
example. They are changing the facts in the industry and paint an artiste‟s
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not the actual truth. This leads to the countries practiced before the
query about the journalism element adoption of democracy as a system
of verification. The journalist of government. Kovach and
verifies to the extent to which his Rosenstiel must bear in mind that,
subjectivity allows him. These Anglo-American system of
unconscious and conscious practices government is not the world‟s
began with Gutenberg‟s printing system of government. History
press and a host of social, political contradicts this line of thought. It is
and economic changes in Western risky to adopt this assertion for the
Europe that provided the conditions sake of future generation of
necessary for the emergence of a journalists.
periodic news press in the 17th On one hand, democratic
century. journalism as presented in the book
Another major flaw of the is simply denoting an art that does
book The Elements of Journalism is not attempt to represent external,
the thought gap between the book recognizable reality anywhere even
title and the content. The book in the acclaimed western libertarian
content failed to deliver on the press system. What is democratic
promises of the book title. Contrary about informing the audience of
to the make-believe global some information and leaving other
journalistic scenario created by the information out? What is democratic
title, the content was essentially about deciding for the audience what
based on the ideal element of they need when they have not vetoed
journalism in economically their power to the establishment of
developed democracies. Thus, the the media house?
questions on the ideal elements of For there to be genuine
journalism in developing economies popular rule, there must be more
remain unanswered. The assumption than a contest among elites for
that other approaches are inferior has popular favour. In this view,
dampened intellectual curiosity democratic principles ought to apply
about the practice of journalism in not simply to elections, but also
other parts of the world. An example between the media and the public,
of such aberration within the content where the public can be, not just a
of this book includes the authors‟ phantom of our imagination, but the
assertion that journalism and real force in decision making that the
democracy were born together (p. democratic tradition has said it
247). should be. There is nothing
Contrary to their assertion, in democratic about what we say for
many other countries, journalism and what we have said betrays us to the
other forms of government were “oppressed word”.
born together. We must have another On the other hand, there is
name for what the journalist in those nothing democratic about our
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