Code No: 35094 Set No.

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Find out the stoichiometric air requirement of combustion of octane.
(b) Steam at 20 bar and 400 0 C is expanded in a steam turbine to 0.09 bar. It
then enters a condenser where it condensed to saturated liquid. Determine:

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i. Net work done per kg of steam

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ii. Dryness fraction of steam at the exit of the turbine.
iii. Efficiency. [6+10]

2. (a) What are fundamental differences between internally fired and externally fired
boilers? Explain with sketches.
or
(b) Describe the working of a Locomotive boiler with the aid of neat sketch. [6+10]

3. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of parallel flow jet condenser and explain its
working principle.
(b) Explain the advantages and limitations of Jet condensers over surface con-
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densers. [8+8]

4. Steam at 10 bar and 0.98 dry expands through a convergent divergent nozzle to
a back pressure of 0.1 bar. The discharge through the nozzle is 0.55 kg/s. The
enthalpy drop used for reheating the steam by friction in the divergent portion is
10% of the overall enthalpy drop. Determine

(a) the throat pressure

(b) number of nozzles required if throat area of each nozzle is 0.5 cm2
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(c) exit diameter of each nozzle

(d) cone angle of divergent portion if its length is 10 cm. [16]

5. A single stage impulse rotor has a blade ring diameter of 57.5 cm and rotates at a
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speed of 10,000 rpm. The steam flows from the nozzle having 20o angle at 1050 m/s.
Friction coefficient is 0.85. Blade angles at inlet and exit are equal. Determine inlet
blade angle, power developed if 1350 kg of steam flows per hour, diagram efficiency
and loss of kinetic energy. [16]

6. (a) Draw the Mollier chart for each stage of an axial flow compressor and explain
the salient features.
(b) The blade height is decreased as the fluid moves through axial flow compressor,
Why? [8+8]

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Code No: 35094 Set No. 1
7. (a) Prove that the efficiency of Brayton cycle
√ corresponding to maximum work
done by the cycle is given by 1 - 1/ t, where t is the ratio of maximum
temperature to minimum temperature of the cycle.
(b) The specific work output of a turbine is 336.5 kW and the exhaust gases leave
the turbine at 700 K. Calculate the turbine pressure ratio. [10+6]

8. (a) What is meant by thrust? Derive its equation of turboprop engine from the

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first principles.
(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of bipropellants used in rocket en-
gines over monopropellants. [8+8]

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Code No: 35094 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

in
1. (a) Explain the advantages and limitations of solid fuels over liquid fuels.
(b) Draw the schematic layout of regenerative Rankine power cycle and explain
its working principle. [8+8]

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2. (a) Draw the diagram and explain its functionality of

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i. Economizer, and
ii. feed water heater.
(b) Define the terms equivalent evaporation and boiler power and derive their
equations. [8+8]
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3. (a) What do you understand by the term vacuum efficiency and condenser effi-
ciency? What are the factors on which these efficiencies depend? Explain.
(b) The vacuum in a condenser dealing with 8100 kg of steam per hr is found to be
at 710 mm of Hg when the barometer reads 750 mm of Hg. The temperature
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of the condenser is 20 0 C and the air leakage amounts to be 8.1 kg per 1000
kg of steam. Determine the capacity of the suitable air pump required in m3
per minute for the condenser. Take volumetric efficiency of the pump as 0.85.
[8+8]

4. (a) Draw a rough sketch of total heat - entropy diagram for the steam nozzle and
explain salient features.
(b) A convergent divergent nozzle which has a throat area of 40 cm2 receives steam
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at a pressure of 7 bar and 115 o C. Approach velocity is negligible and discharges

against a pressure of 1.2 bar. The expansion is in equilibrium throughout and
loss by fluid friction in the convergent part of the nozzle is negligible. But
the loss due to friction in the divergent portion is 10% of the total heat drop.
Calculate
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i. Rate of steam flow through the nozzle and the nozzle exit area
ii. moisture of steam leaving the nozzle. [6+10]

5. (a) What are the differences between impulse and reaction turbines? Explain.
(b) A reaction turbine has a speed of 3000 rpm and the mean diameter of blading
at a certain pair is 750 mm. The exit angle of the blade is 200 , both fixed
and moving blades being identical. The steam flow rate is 810 kg/min. If the
power developed per pair is 220 kW and the steam pressure is 2.74 bar and
saturated, calculate the inlet blade angle and blade height. [8+8]

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Code No: 35094 Set No. 2
6. (a) Explain the working principle of Centrifugal compressor along with neat dia-
grams.
(b) A centrifugal compressor delivers 54 kg of air per minute at pressure of 200
kPa, after compression of air from 100 kPa and 15 0 C. If the temperature of air
delivered is 97 0 C, and no heat is added to the air from the external sources
during compression, determine the efficiency of the compression relative to
ideal adiabatic compression and power absorbed. [8+8]

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7. (a) Calculate the condition for maximum efficiency of the Brayton cycle and also
derive the efficiency equation.
(b) A simple gas turbine cycle works with a pressure ratio of 8. The compressor
and turbine inlet temperatures are 300 K and 800 K respectively. If the volume

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flow rate of air is 250 m3 /s, compute the power out put and thermal efficiency.

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[10+6]

8. (a) What is meant by thrust? Derive its equation of turboprop engine from the
first principles.
(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of bipropellants used in rocket en-
gines over monopropellants.
or [8+8]

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Code No: 35094 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

in
1. (a) State the advantages and limitations of regenerative cycle over simple Rankine
cycle.
(b) A turbine with one bleeding for regenerative heating of feed water is admitted

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with steam having enthalpy of 3200 kJ/kg and the exhausted steam has an
enthalpy of 2200 kJ/kg. The ideal regenerative feed water is fed with 11,350

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kg/hr of bled steam at 3.5 bar of enthalpy 2600 kJ/kg. The feed water (con-
densate from the condenser) with an enthalpy of 134 kJ/kg is pumped to the
heater. It leaves the heater dry saturated at 3.5 bar. Determine the power
developed by the turbine. or [6+10]
2. (a) Explain the working of
i. water level indicator
ii. high steam and low water safety valve with the help of neat sketches
(b) Describe briefly the advantages which you would expect to be gained from
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incorporating an economizer, an air pre-heater and super heater in a steam
generating plant and indicate their positions in a typical boiler plant. [8+8]
3. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of parallel flow jet condenser and explain its
working principle.
(b) Explain the advantages and limitations of Jet condensers over surface con-
densers. [8+8]
4. In an installation 5 kg/s of steam at 30 bar and 300 o C is supplied to a group of
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six nozzles in a wheel chamber maintained at 7.5 bar. Determine the dimensions
of the nozzles of rectangular cross sectional flow area with aspect ratio 3:1. The
expansion may be considered meta-stable and friction is neglected. Also calculate
(a) Degree of under cooling and super saturation
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(b) Loss in available heat drop due to irreversibility

(c) Increase in entropy
(d) Ratio of mass flow rate with meta-stable expansion to that of expansion in
thermal equilibrium. [16]
5. (a) Explain the functionality of reaction steam turbine with suitable diagram and
how it is different from the impulse turbine?
(b) What are different losses that are occurring in reaction turbine? Explain with
preventive measures. [8+8]

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Code No: 35094 Set No. 3
6. (a) Derive the equation for the work required to compress the air to the desired
pressure in a centrifugal compressor.
(b) An axial flow compressor with compression ratio of 5, draws air at 20 o C
delivers it at 50 o C. Assuming 5% degree of reaction, find the velocity of flow
if the blade velocity is 100 m/s. Also find the number of stages if work factor
= 0.85, α = 10o , β = 40o and Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K. [8+8]

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7. (a) Describe the working of semi closed type gas turbine unit with suitable figures
and explain its merits and demerits.
(b) Explain different types of combustion chambers used in gas turbine power
plants. [8+8]

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8. A turbo-jet has a speed of 750 km/hr, while flying at an altitude of 10000 m. The
propulsive efficiency of the jet is 50% and the overall efficiency of the turbine plant

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is 16%. The density of air at 10000 m altitude is 0.173 kg/m3 . The drag of the
plant is 6250 N. The calorific value of the fuel is 48,000 kJ/kg. Calculate:

(a) Absolute velocity of the jet, or

(b) Volume of air compressed per minute,
(c) Diameter of the jet,
(d) Power output of the unit in kW,
(e) Air-fuel ratio. [16]
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Code No: 35094 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
POWER PLANT AND TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

in
1. (a) Explain the advantages and limitations of solid fuels over liquid fuels.
(b) Draw the schematic layout of regenerative Rankine power cycle and explain
its working principle. [8+8]

.
2. (a) What are fundamental differences between internally fired and externally fired

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boilers? Explain with sketches.
(b) Describe the working of a Locomotive boiler with the aid of neat sketch. [6+10]

3. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of high level jet condenser and explain its working
principle.

to eliminate air leakages.

or
(b) What different air leakage sources of a steam condenser? Explain the methods
[8+8]

4. (a) Explain the function of nozzles used with steam turbines and also in other
applications.
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(b) Steam is supplied to nozzle at 7 bar and 250 o C. Find the area of the throat,
exit and the length of the nozzle from throat to exit if the angle of divergence
is 15o . The exhaust pressure is 1 bar. Use 85% as the efficiency and 4.5 kg
per minute of steam as the flow. [4+12]

5. A 50% reaction turbine with symmetrical velocity triangles running at 400 rpm has
the exit blade angle as 200 and the velocity of steam relative to the blades at the
exit is 1.35 times the mean blade speed. The steam flow rate is 8.33 m3 /s and at
a particular ring, the specific volume is 1.381 m3 /kg. Calculate for the stage.
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(a) suitable blade height, assuming the rotor mean diameter is 12 times that of
the blade height
(b) the diagram work. [16]
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6. 20 m3 of air per second at 1 bar 15 o C is to be compressed in a centrifugal compressor

through a pressure ratio of 1.5:1. The compression follows the law PV1.5 = constant.
The velocity of flow at inlet and out let remains constant and is equal to 60 m/s. If
the inlet and outlet impeller diameters are 0.6 m and 1.2 m respectively and rotates
at a speed of 5000 rpm. Find

(a) the blade angles at inlet and outlet of the impeller, and the angle at which
the air from the impeller enters the casing;
(b) breadth of impeller blade at inlet and outlet. [16]

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Code No: 35094 Set No. 4
7. (a) Draw the schematic layout of gas turbine cycle with regenerator, intercooler
and reheating. Explain salient features.
(b) Derive the thermal efficiency of gas turbine unit with multi stage compression
with inter-cooling. [8+8]

8. (a) What is meant by jet propulsions? What are the basic differences between jet
propulsion cycles and shaft power cycles.

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(b) Draw the typical layout of gas pressurization system and explain its working
principle. Compare with the pump pressurization system. [8+8]

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