Electric War Ship PDF

An Overview of Electric Warship
Technologies
Anthony D. Nickens
Office of Naval Research
Ship S&T Office, 33X
Phone: 703-696-0614; Fax: 703-696-0001

E-Mail: nickena@onr.navy.mil
Electric Warship Technologies 1
Objective
To familiarize you with electric

warship technologies and their
associated warfighting capabilities.

Presentation Outline
1. Why Electric Warships?
2. Electric Weapons & Other H/E Systems
3. Electric HM&E
4. Summary

Electric
Electric Warships
Warships & Weapons
Enable the Electric Naval Force
ELECTRIC COMMON ELECTRIC

PROPULSION & POW ER SYSTEM
AUXILIARIES
Real-Time Power Allocation
Reconfigurabilit y
Increased Mobility
Increased Survivability
Stealth & Endurance
ELECTRIC W EAPONS
ADVANCED SENSORS SUPPORT FOR OFFBOARD
W EAPONS & SENSORS
Increase d Firepow er AND FORCES ASHORE
Range & Resolut ion
Increased Reach &
W arfighter Sustainmen t

Leap-Ahead Warfighting Capabilities
Electric Warship Vision
Organic Surveillance Drone

10,000-15,000 FT
High Powered Sensor Beam Power to Aircraft
Combination Sensor and Weapon Minimal Handling - No Refueling
High Powered Microwave
100’s Kilowatt Powered Laser
Electromagnetic Gun
17 MJ on Target
250 NM in 6 Minutes
6-12 RPM
15-30 MW High Energy Laser
Enhanced Self Defense
Precision Engagement
No Collateral Damage
Megawatt Class Laser
Integrated Power System

Affordable Power for Weapons and Propulsion All Electric Auxiliaries NO ENERGETICS
Power Dense, Fuel Efficient Propulsion No Hydraulics
Reduced Signatures No HP Gas Systems ABOARD SHIP!
Power Conversion Flexibility Reduced Sailor Workload
Anticipated Power needs for Future
Combatants
Propulsion
IPS System
Ship Service (Propulsion and Ship Service)
Weapons & Sensors
(portion of ship service) Future
Combatant
Today’s Combatants Attack Mission

Multiple Lasers or EM Guns
Power
Area Protection
Lasers
ABM
Advanced Radar
Ship Defense
Small Attack Large Large Electric Microwave Weapons
Combatant Submarine Amphib Combatant Warship
Lasers

Use of Shipboard Electric Power
DARPA Panel on Naval High-Energy Systems, 2002
Installed Power
100,000
Long Range 21st Century
Skyhook
90,000 Indirect Fires Point Defense Power Beaming
(12 RPM) (2x 5MW Systems)
80,000
70,000
Required Power (kW)
10 MW 2 MW
60,000
50,000
40 MW
40,000
30,000
20,000
Power Required for Propulsion
10,000 and Ship Service Loads
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Speed (% of Max)
Ship spends 90% ofWarship

Electric its life below 60% full power
Technologies 7
Integrated Power Systems
Life Cycle Cost Drivers:
Mechanical Drive • Initial Acquisition Cost
• Manning
• Maintenance
• Fuel Consumption
IPS LM2500
501K
Gen Gen Gen

DD(X) will have
four gas turbines
Current DDG-51
class has seven Propulsion
Motor
Propulsion
Motor
Ship Service
gas turbines
Thus lower
Life Cycle Costs!
Additional fuel savings due to…
More efficient operation
Engine SFC vs Power
0.9
Today’s Navy
0.8
Allison 501 K34 operates up here
0.7
Electric Navy will
operate here
SFC (lb/hp-hr)
0.6
0.5
LM2500+
0.4
LM1600 LM2500
Fuel Cell
0.3
0.2
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Power (Hp)
Potential to cut fuel consumption in half.
Cost savings
Electric>Warship
$1M per ship per year.
Technologies 9
Ship Power System Architecture
Vision
Advanced
Generators
Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel
Cell Cell Cell Cell
Energy Distribution
Storage
Pulse Quiet Quiet Actuators
Forming Motor Motor and
Network Drive Drive Auxiliaries
Electric Advanced Advanced

Weapons& Motor & Motor &
Launchers Propulsor Propulsor

3. Electric HM&E
4. Summary

Integrated Railgun System
in Destroyer Hull
20kg Launch Package
15 kg Projectile
12 meter Barrel
2500 m/s @ Muzzle

1500 m/s @ Target
15MW for 6 round per minute
2560 Round Selectable

Fully Automated Magazine
9m
205 MJ @16KV
Pulsed Power System
Capacitor or Rotating Machine
m
12 2.5 MJ/m3 Capacitor Materials
10 m with 25% Cooling Fraction Shown
Range & Time of Flight
Trajectory Estimates vs. Muzzle Velocity 52.0º Quadrant Elevation
Gro un d R ang e (km )

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480
160
80
140
70
Increased Gun Range

120
60
– Increased Littoral Coverage
E
100
A ltitu de (N M )
A ltitu de (km )
– Greater Ship Mission Flexibility 50
80 – Increased Stand-Off Capability
EM
40
– Improves Airspace Deconfliction
LP
roje
60
Reduced Time of Flight 30
ctil
e
40 – Improved TCT Engagements 20
– 6 Minutes to each Threshold Range

5”
15
/E
20
5
10
R
/L
G
M
RL
AP
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
G round Range (NM )
Hypersonic Projectile
Smear Photograph (4 meters from muzzle)
Demonstrates Structural Integrity of Launch Package

and clean Sabot / Armature separation
Shot
Shot 7 7
Successful Launch at 2011 m/sec!!

Naval High Energy Laser
Mission
Crossing Targets
Very-high g ASCM
HEL
HELside
sideshot
shot
HEL
HELeliminates stand
eliminates
maneuver stand alonekill
alone kill
maneuveradvantage
advantage
Helo & fixed wing

Cigarette boats
HEL
HELengagement
engagementrange
range
HEL
HELprovides
providesoption
optionto
to increases w/elevation
increases w/elevation
use of expensive missiles
use of expensive missiles
against
againstlow-cost
low-costthreats
threats
UAVs Floating mines
“JetSki”
Rockets
The
TheNeed:
Need: Protect
Protect the
theGroup
Group
Electric Warship
and
andSelf-Protection
Technologies Self-Protection 15
Free Electron Laser (FEL)
Control Cabinets
Cryoplant
LINAC
Injector
Dump/Heat Exchanger
Power Supplies
LINAC
Wiggler
Foundation Raft
FEL place low in ship to stabilize

ship and provide radiation shielding
High-Energy Laser Strategy
THREAT Category 1 Category 2
CONCERN: THREATS THREATS
SUBSONIC ASCM
BOATS
HELOS SUPERSONIC SUPERSONIC
UAVs MEDIUM G’S HIGH G’S
PROJECTILES
ROCKETS
KILL
MECHANISM:
ASCM SENSOR DAMAGE AERO KILL CATASTROPHIC
SIDE SHOT
LITTORAL
HEAD ON
TECHNOLOGY:
FREE ELECTRON ADVANCED CONCEPTS
CHEMICAL LASERS Photonic Crystal
COIL SOLID STATE Liquid Gain Generator
HF/DF Diode Pumped
Fiber Optic

‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘15
High/Medium Power Microwaves
Active Denial Mission
Ship Self-defense and asymmetric threat defense (force protection) requirements in the littoral
environment.
Defuse Situation Through Non-Lethal Means and Avoid Collateral Damage
Shape The Battlespace
18
Justify Timely Use of Lethal Force Electric Warship Technologies
3. Electric HM&E Systems
4. Summary

Issue – Today’s Electric Drive won’t fit on
Small / Fast Surface Ships!
Generator
Motor
Engine
Motor Switchgear
Controller
Reduction gear
Engine
Mechanical Drive still Electric

beatsWarship
Electric Drive on Power Density.
Technologies 20
Superconducting Ship
Propulsion Motor
Cooler
Key achievements of 2001*
• Designed 5 MW motor
• Started manufacturing 5 MW motor components
Key achievements of 2002** Rotor
• Completed rotor and stator fabrication of 5 MW
motor
Key achievements of 2003**
• Assembled motor and performed factory testing
• Delivered 5 MW motor
• Preparing to conduct land based testing at Florida Motor
State.
* Funded by the Office of Naval Research

** Funded in part by the Office of Naval Research
HTS AC Synchronous Motor
36 MW MOTOR KEY TECHNOLOGIES DEMONSTRATED BY

THE 5 MW MOTOR DESIGN
– HTS Coil Construction and Mechanical

Support Approach
– HTS Coils’ Cryo-Cooling System
– System to Transfer Torque from Cold
Coils to Warm Shaft
– Stator Coil Cooling
65% Reduction Weight

Compared to Advanced Induction Motors
6.301.123
DC Superconducting
Homopolar Motor
KEY TECHNOLOGIES TO BE
MOTOR CONCEPT DEMONSTRATED BY THE 4 MW
SCALE MOTOR
– Metal Fiber Brush Reliability and Life

• Brush Size, Current Density, Magnetic
Environment, Thermal Environment,and
Sliding Velocity are All Identical to Full-Scale
– Homopolar Magnetics
• Peak Flux Density in Superconductor and
Average Flux Density in Rotor Are Identical
to Full-Scale
– Reliable COTS Superconducting Magnets
and Cryogenic Refrigeration
– Low Ripple DC Motor Controller and
Associated Low Acoustic Noise
Full-Scale (25MW) Concept Size – Flux Return Design to Limit Fringe Field
Motor: OD = 2.65m, Length = 3.05m
Cryo-Cooler: <1.4 m3

6.301.125
Propulsion
AHFID PM Rim Driven

Plus-up
Pod (studies AWJ-21 Mixed Flow

Example: AABonly)
AZIPOD
Propulsor – Plus-up

Ship Service Fuel Cell Programs
625kW Molten Carbonate Ship Service 500kW Integrated Fuel Processor (IFP)
Power Fuel Cell System using Diesel Fuel compatible with PEM Fuel Cell,
50% EFFICIENT using Diesel Fuel
37% EFFICIENT
37 – 50% EFFICIENT
QUIET OPERATION
LOW Electric
ATMOSPHEREIC EMISSIONS
Warship Technologies 25
Fuel Cell Benefits for Naval Ships
Reduced
ReducedAcquisition
Acquisition&&Life
LifeCycle
CycleCosts
Costs
•• Greater
GreaterSystem
SystemEfficiencies
Efficiencies
•• Reduced
ReducedMaintenance
MaintenanceCosts
Costs
•• Enables
EnablesSpiral
SpiralDevelopment
Development
Enhanced
EnhancedSurvivability
Survivability
•• Reduced
ReducedIR IRSignature
Signature
•• Reduced
ReducedAcoustic
AcousticSignature
Signature
•• Distributed
DistributedPower
PowerGeneration
FUEL CELL
Generation
Design
DesignFlexibility
Flexibility
•• Modular
ModularApproach Approachto toShip
ShipPower
Power
•• Multi
Multi
Electric
Platform
Platform
Warship
Applicable
Technologies Applicable 26
Advanced Diesel Reforming and
Desulfurization Research Efforts
• Desulfurization
– Altex Tech./Penn State: Fractionization/Bulk Sulfur
Removal
– FuelCell Energy: Nano ZnO Absorbant
– Mesoscopic Devices: Compact, Fast Cycle
Desulfurization
– Cal Novatech/USC: Ultrasonic Sulfur Oxidation
• Advanced Reformer Systems
– FuelCell Energy/Stevens Institute: Plasma Based
Logistics Fuel to Methane Reformer
– General Vortex Energy/Univ of MD – High Efficiency
Turbocompressor

Navy Shipboard Fuel Cell Program
Program Timeline/Transition
FY 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Fleet
Introduction DDX
IPS Design, Fabrication, Operation and Testing of Full

Transition Scale Ship Service Fuel Cell
Full Scale
500KW IFP Fabrication, and Testing of Design, Fabrication, and

Design 500KW AT R Integrated Testing of FC Demonstrator
ONR/NAVSEA Fuel Processor
Advanced
Technology D esign, Fabrication, and Testing of 625KW MCFC
Development Demonstrator
Future Ship Concept
SSFC Concept Design,
Risk Reduction Testing SBIR/STTR
Insertion
2nd Generation Fuel Cell Program

(Adv. Reform, Sulfur Tolerance, Adv FC
Marinization)

Power Electronics
AC Electrical Service Station

(AESS) - Complete
Need launch/EMALS picture
9KVA 14KVA
Power Electronic Building Blocks

(PEBBs) for EMALS - FNC
Advanced Power Conversion
For High Energy Systems
OBJECTIVE Pulsed Power to Support
Electric Weapons
Demonstrate improved power density, power
quality, and multi-port operation to provide
required pulsed power to electric weapons and
clean power for propulsion from common
hardware. Critical enabler for offensive and
defensive electric weapons and other pulsed Low Signature
Pulse Forming Advanced
power systems. Motor- Motor Drive
Network Controllers
TRL 6 at transition
OPERATIONAL GAP FILLER TECHNOLOGY

Sea Strike: Inexpensive ship & sub-launched long
• High Current and High Voltage
range, low latency weapons.
Sea Shield: Platform torpedo self-defense, Switches
counter-targeting.
ECL Fires: Execute expeditionary fires; Employ
• Advanced passive components
Indirect & Direct Fires; Employ Sea-based Fires and filter design
• Innovative drive topology.

Energy Storage Needs
Directed
Energy All systems
Weapons
TW
project energy
storage
Peak 1011
requirements in
Power
During
1010 Electric the 50 – 500 MJ
Guns
Pulse GW
EM range
or Avg Aircraft
Power 108 Launcher
(Watts)
107 Ride Through & Recovery
Dynamic Stability
MW
Micro Milli Three Hundreds
Pulse Width (seconds)
Energy Storage Technologies
Rotating Machines or Inertial Systems (Flywheels)

Energy Density: At least 2.4 MJ/m3; 1.3 kJ/kg
Advantages: 1. Flywheels are relatively mature
2. Long Life (20+ yrs, Japan)
Disadvantage: 1. Moving parts
(Maintenance)
Capacitors
Energy Density: 2.5 MJ/m3; 1.4 kJ/kg
Advantages: 1. Modular
2. Capacitors are mature technology
Disadvantages: 1. Self discharge, leakage
2. High Cost

Actuators
Vision
“ … If we don’t yank all the auxiliaries, get rid of hydraulics, the
air systems, etc., we’re never going to get the manning that we
think we can get because the maintenance will still be
enormous.”
RADM Cohen, 14 Aug 2000; Aerospace Daily;

“CNR Outlines Priorities”
ONR/SEA 93R Actuator Team
• 6 projects underway
• Emphasis on VA class Towed Array
Actuators
Masts and
Antennas
Hatch
• VA Class has 218 hydraulic Actuators
actuators:
• 75 linear Control
Surface
Actuators
• 113 rotary (2 or 3 position) Valve

Actuators
• 30 multi-turn (hydraulic motors) Weapons

Handling and
Launching

3. Electric HM&E
4. Summary

The Path Forward
2015 2025 2035
SSG/FFF
CG(X) FLT I
Electric CVNX
Electric
Naval
DD(X) FLT III
LCS FLT III
Force
DD(X) FLT II Offboard Weapons
DD(X) FLT I
Electric & Sensors
Warships Power to Forces
Naval Ashore
Electric Advanced Weapons and Sensors
Ships Improved Warfighting Capabilities:
Electric Drive – Enhanced Stealth
Reduce # of Prime Movers – Improved Survivability
–Fuel Savings – Increased Payload Volume
–Reduced Maintenance – Reduced Logistics Dependency
–Reduced Manning – Power Availability & Reapportionment
Automation Affordable Technology Insertion
Electrify Auxiliary Systems
Increasing Affordability and Military Capability

Electric Warship Technologies
Summary
• Electric Warship Technologies can provide “leap

ahead” war-fighting capability to the Warfighters
• Many technology challenges exist but are being

addressed
• DD(X) Integrated Power System is the first step

– “Unlocks” Propulsion Power
• Stay tuned…

Leap-Ahead Warfighting Capabilities
Electric Warship Vision
Organic Surveillance Drone

10,000-15,000 FT
High Powered Sensor Beam Power to Aircraft
Combination Sensor and Weapon Minimal Handling - No Refueling
High Powered Microwave
100’s Kilowatt Powered Laser
Electromagnetic Gun
17 MJ on Target
250 NM in 6 Minutes
6-12 RPM
15-30 MW High Energy Laser
Enhanced Self Defense
Precision Engagement
No Collateral Damage
Megawatt Class Laser
Integrated Power System

Affordable Power for Weapons and Propulsion All Electric Auxiliaries NO ENERGETICS
Power Dense, Fuel Efficient Propulsion No Hydraulics
Reduced Signatures No HP Gas Systems ABOARD SHIP!
Power Conversion Flexibility Reduced Sailor Workload
Questions?
WWW.ONR.NAVY.MIL

Electric War Ship PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Electric War Ship PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

An Overview of Electric Warship

Phone: 703-696-0614; Fax: 703-696-0001

To familiarize you with electric

Electric Warship Technologies 2

1. Why Electric Warships?

2. Electric Weapons & Other H/E Systems

Electric Warship Technologies 3

ELECTRIC COMMON ELECTRIC

Electric Warship Technologies 4

Organic Surveillance Drone

Integrated Power System

Today’s Combatants Attack Mission

Electric Warship Technologies 6

Ship spends 90% ofWarship

Gen Gen Gen

Electric Advanced Advanced

Electric Warship Technologies 10

1. Why Electric Warships?

2. Electric Weapons & Other H/E Systems

Electric Warship Technologies 11

2500 m/s @ Muzzle

2560 Round Selectable

Gro un d R ang e (km )

 Increased Gun Range

– Greater Ship Mission Flexibility 50

80 – Increased Stand-Off Capability

– 6 Minutes to each Threshold Range

Demonstrates Structural Integrity of Launch Package

Successful Launch at 2011 m/sec!!

Helo & fixed wing

FEL place low in ship to stabilize

Electric Warship Technologies 17

1. Why Electric Warships?

2. Electric Weapons & Other H/E Systems

3. Electric HM&E Systems

Electric Warship Technologies 19

Mechanical Drive still Electric

* Funded by the Office of Naval Research

36 MW MOTOR KEY TECHNOLOGIES DEMONSTRATED BY

– HTS Coil Construction and Mechanical

65% Reduction Weight

– Metal Fiber Brush Reliability and Life

Electric Warship Technologies 23

AHFID PM Rim Driven

Pod (studies AWJ-21 Mixed Flow

Electric Warship Technologies 24

Electric Warship Technologies 27

IPS Design, Fabrication, Operation and Testing of Full

500KW IFP Fabrication, and Testing of Design, Fabrication, and

2nd Generation Fuel Cell Program

Electric Warship Technologies 28

AC Electrical Service Station

Need launch/EMALS picture

Power Electronic Building Blocks

OPERATIONAL GAP FILLER TECHNOLOGY

Electric Warship Technologies 30

Rotating Machines or Inertial Systems (Flywheels)

Electric Warship Technologies 32

RADM Cohen, 14 Aug 2000; Aerospace Daily;

ONR/SEA 93R Actuator Team

• VA Class has 218 hydraulic Actuators

• 113 rotary (2 or 3 position) Valve

• 30 multi-turn (hydraulic motors) Weapons

Increased Gun Range