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Small turbines
small wind turbines can supply even the most
remote regions with electricity. Photo: Ampair
T
sponded. As expected, the he main focus is on SWTs for energy generation horizontal support arm make it resemble the letter H.
response shows that the hor- with a nominal output of up to 100 kW. This out- In addition, SWTs also include drag-type rotors such
izontal axis turbines out- put range includes the so-called micro SWTs (up as the Savonius rotor, which has vertically aligned
weigh among the products to 1 kW), the mini SWTs (up to 10 kW) and the midi blades. Vertical axis turbines do not require wind
(see table). Reliable figures SWTs (up to 100 kW). For domestic purposes, turbines tracking, which makes assembly easier. Moreover,
and statistics are not to be up to 30 kW are normally used. Distinction is made they are more silent in operation – a recommended
found in the small wind tur- between turbines with a vertical or horizontal axis. feature for use on buildings. Horizontal axis turbines,
bine business since there are As for vertical axis turbines, there are lift-type ro- however, similar in build to most large-scale wind tur-
no records of new plants due tors such as the Darrieus rotor – also known as the bines, are more widespread on the market than the
to the lack of a feed-in tariff. “egg beater”, which has rotor blades attached to the vertical axis turbines. In this type of turbine, the en-
upper and lower end of the axis – and the special tire rotor is exposed to the wind, thus offering higher
shape H Darrieus rotor, whose vertical blades and efficiency.
Manufacturer, Year of Available in Sold Rated power Cut-in wind Rated wind Rotor diameter
Type of SWT Hub height [m]
country launch which countries units [kW] speed [m/s] speed [m/s] [m]
18 /
Aircon GmbH & Co. KG,
Aircon 10S 2003 worldwide 76 24 / 9.8 3.5 11 7.1
Germany
30
Ampair 100 / 1984 / 10,000+ / 2-5 / 0.1 / 3/ 15 / 0.9 /
Ampair, 300 / 2006 / 100+ / 2-5 / 0.3 / 3/ 11 / 1.2 /
worldwide
Great Britain 600 / 2007 / 50+ / 5-10 / 0.6 / 2.5 / 11 / 1.7 /
6000 2009 1+ 10-40 6 2.5 11 5.5
Excel-S / 1983 / ~1,200 / 18-43 / 10 / 2.2 / 12 / 7/
Bergey Windpower, approx. 100
Excel-R / 1983 / ~600 / 18-43 / 7.5 / 4/ 11 / 7/
USA countries
XL.1 2000 ~4,000 18-30 1 3.2 12 2.4
Antaris 1700 / 1992 / 150 / 15 / 1.7 / 2.8 / 3/
Braun Windturbinen GmbH,
3500 / 2003 / EU 200 / 15 / 3.5 / 2.5 / 12 3.5 /
Germany
5000 2008 30 20 5 2.0 4.4
800 W / 0.8 / 2-3 / 16-18 / 2.4 /
1.6 kW / 1.6 / 2.5-3.5 / 16-18 / 2.8 /
Cyclone Wind Generators, Canada, USA,
3.2 kW / n/a n/a n/a 3.2 / 2.5-3.5 / 16-18 / 4.0 /
Canada, China Europe
4.8 kW / 4.8 / 2.5-3.5 / 16-18 / 5.0 /
14.5 kW 14.5 2.5-3.5 16-18 8.0
400 W / China, Europe, 0.4 / 2.8 / 12.3 / 2/
Dongguan C&G Wind
600 W / America, Austra- 0.6 / 2.8 / 12.4 / 2.2 /
Power Co. Ltd, 2005 n/a 8, 10 or 12
1,000 W / lia, South Africa, 1/ 3/ 12.5 / 2.6 /
China
3,000 W Middle East 3 3.5 12.5 4.5
EasyWind GmbH,
EasyWind 6 AC / DC n/a worldwide n/a 7, 13, 19 6 / 7.5 3 10.6 / 11.5 6
Germany
PSW-Energiesysteme, 7.2 /
EN-Drive 2010 EU - 10.5 2.2 12.5 6.2
Germany 10.2
Aerocatcher SimPlex
500 / 2008 / various / 0.5 / 2.5 / 12 / 2/
Sirena GmbH,
WinPlex 2500 / 2009 / Germany n/a 9/ 2.5 / 2.5 / 12 / 3.2 /
Germany
WinPlex 5500 / 2009 / 12 / 5.5 / 2.5 / 12 / 6.4 /
aero 3000 2010 various 3 3.8 14 2 (at 4.5 m)
Solar-Wind-Team GmbH, FLIP 150 / 2004 / n/a / 0.15 / 1.8 / 1.1 /
worldwide n/a 13
Germany 500 2008 50 0.5 2.8 1.6
Air Breeze / 1996 / 12,000 / 0.16 / 2.68 / 12.5 / 1.17 /
Whisper 100 / 1996 / 8,000 / 0.9 / 3.4 / 12.5 / 2.1 /
Southwest Windpower,
Whisper 200 / 1996 / worldwide 8,000 / n/a 1/ 3.1 / 11.6 / 2.7 /
USA
Skystream 3.7 / 2006 / 6,000 / 2.4 / 3.5 / 13 / 3.72 /
Whisper 500 1996 3,000 3 3.4 10.5 4.5
Superwind GmbH, depends on
SW 350 2004 worldwide n/a 0.35 3.5 12.5 1.2
Germany mast
S&W Energiesysteme, S&W 3.0 / 2009 / 7/ 12 / 3/ 11.9 / 3.56 /
Germany 2.5
Germany S&W 20.0 2010 2 24 20 11.5 8.9
Taos 600 / 100 / 8/ 0.6 / 1.8 /
Taos Wind Energy,
1000 / 2006 8 countries 400 / 8/ 1/ 2.6 12 2/
China
2000 300 10 2 2.8
3/ 24 or 48 AC (6) /
4/ permanent magnet 48 or 240 AC (9) / 5 guyed, detached on request www.fortiswindenergy.com
5 120 or 240 AC (9)
400 AC (3) /
from 25,000
3 various 230 n/a (1) / 2 conical steel mast www.psw-energiesysteme.com
upwards
48 DC (optional)
795 /
3, 4, 6 / 40 DC /
4,995 /
3, 4, 6 / permanent magnet 230 AC (3) / 2 steel tube www.aerocatcher.de
9,110 /
3, 4, 6 / 230 AC (3) /
8,855
3 240 AC (3) /
12, 24 AC (3) / 900 /
3 permanent magnet 2 n/a www.wind-mobil.de
48 AC (3) 1,800
12, 24, 36, 48 DC / 3/ optional / 800 (turbine) /
12, 24, 36, 48 DC / 5/ optional / 1,720 (turbine) / www.airbreeze.com;
3 permanent magnet 12, 24, 36, 48 DC / 5/ optional / 2,078 (turbine) / www.windenergy.com;
230 V AC (n/a) - 120 AC (n/a) / 5/ steel, galvanised / 16,500 (complete) / www.skystreamenergy.com
12, 24, 36, 48 DC 5 optional 5,384 (turbine)
6,300 /
3 asynchronous 400 AC (3) 8 guyed tubular mast www.s-und-w-energie.de
26,300
24, 100 AC (3) /
3 permanent magnet 24, 200 AC (3) / 3 as requested n/a www.taoswind.com
48, 300 AC (3)
03 / 1.5 x 12 /
Urban Green Energy,
2nd generation verti- 2009 worldwide n/a various 1/ 3.3 12 2.35 x 1.7 /
USA
cal axis wind turbines 4 4.2 x 2.75
*) prices in US$ converted into ¤, currency exchange rate as of 17th September, 2009: 1 US$ = 0.678 ¤
Source: manufacturers’ information, all data and prices without guarantee
for instance, turbine operators only receive a subsidy new entry. The second, Mariah Power from Reno,
if the turbine is certified. And in the USA two pro- Nevada, produced a mere 120 kW in 2008, but claims
grammes are drawing up voluntary certification to be planning as much as 1,080 kW for 2009. This
guidelines, which, however, may soon be required by great leap forward is to be achieved by means of the
the grid operators in some states. Windspire, a vertical axis turbine which will be on
offer in various performance categories.
A look at the companies’ market With the exception of Landmark Power Concepts
position in Halle an der Saale (Germany) and Green Energy
Technologies in Akron, Ohio (USA), all of the surveyed
According to data from the American Wind Energy As- companies have their own production. Noteworthy is
sociation (AWEA), there are at least 219 manufactur- the cooperation between Braun Windturbinen GmbH
ers of small wind turbines around the world. The com- and Heyde Windtechnik, both located in Germany.
panies with the longest tradition were founded in the Both are considered to be the manufacturer of the
1970s. The oldest is Bornay Wind Turbines from Spain, Antaris system – Heyde supplies the GRP components
founded in 1970. Next to the Dutch Fortis (founded in
1978) and the US company Southwest Windpower
(founded in 1987), it is today among the leading
providers worldwide. The US company Bergey
such as rotor blades and nacelle casing and Braun (10.5 kW) this year. Prospective buyers of the new
supplies the generators and the remaining parts. 1 kW turbine from Superwind GmbH, also from Ger-
Most manufacturers have their main sales mar- many, will have to wait until the end of the year. S&W
kets in Europe, North and South America and Asia; Energiesysteme, Germany, is planning to start selling
more seldom in Australia or New Zealand. Different its 20 kW turbine S&W 20.0 early this year. The mod-
target regions are presumed to be a consequence of el is to be extremely robust and equipped with two in-
the proximity to the production facility. Only Bergey dependent aerodynamic safety systems. The installa-
Windpower and the Indian company Unitron Energy tion costs are less than ¤ 1,500 per kW, stated Man-
Systems Pvt. Ltd. report selling to the African market. aging Director Wolfgang Hahn. TechnoSpin Inc. from
The New York firm TechnoSpin Inc. predicts a future New York aims to put its 8 kW turbines PowerSpin
market in Africa. TSW 8000 and ComSpin C 8000 on the market in the
first quarter of 2010.
New products in large quantities – Producers of vertical axis turbines have also made
a selection an array of new products available to their customers:
Sirena GmbH from Germany has announced its
Almost every manufacturer has announced new prod- model aero 3000 (3 kW) for January. And the New
ucts for 2009 or 2010. Aircon GmbH & Co. KG in Ger- Yorkers Urban Green Energy again take it one step
many, for instance, is planning to market the Aircon further with its 2nd Gen VAWT Product Line: turbines
30S (30 kW). Ampair from Great Britain launched its with 300 W, 1 kW, 4 kW and 10 kW are to complete
new Ampair 6000 (6 kW) in April 2009. The US manu- their product range. The rotors, partially integrated in
facturer Bergey Windpower aims to start production street lamps, are especially appealing to the eye and
of its 5 kW turbine XL.5 in spring this year. The suc- are reported to operate almost silently.
cessful Antaris series from the companies Braun and
Heyde is also growing: while Heyde launched a 5 kW Business trends – warnings about
turbine in May 2009, Braun has announced the intro- unreliable suppliers
duction of a 10 kW turbine in September. This turbine
is to enable a self-sufficient power supply during grid- What the surveyed companies had to say allows us to
parallel operation and heating operation for a domes- sum up the following trends: SWTs are experiencing a
tic water storage tank. steadily increasing demand worldwide – in the USA
Big plans come from the Far East: G&G Wind they speak of strong growth, some even of rapid
Power from Hangzhou City, China, announced new growth. Moreover, the demand for urban solutions as
wind generators with a performance of 0.3, 0.5, and well as for turbines with a higher output is on the rise.
5 kW for December 2009. Beside SWTs, the 200 em- The SWT sector is faced with great challenges: on
ployee company also produces street lighting pow- the one hand it is important to set quality standards
ered by photovoltaics or wind power. At 20 kW, the in order for e.g. output curves to be compared, on the
company’s SWT production was still quite manage other hand to put a stop to unreliable suppliers. If you
able in 2008. However, the company aims to become are to believe some of the Internet forums, finishing
world market leader in SWTs, hoping to gain impor- and service are increasingly becoming grounds for
tant market shares by implementing “German tech- complaints. Martin Frey
Divine assistance: an SWT nology, made in China”. Time will tell to what extent
produced by the South German competitors ought to be worried. Sources:
firm Solar-Wind-Team GmbH New developments have been announced from AWEA Small Wind Turbine Global Market Study 2009
www.awea.org/smallwind/pdf/09_AWEA_Small_Wind_Global_
next to a church in Ecuador. elsewhere: The German company PSW-Energie Market_Study.pdf
Photo: Solar-Wind-Team systeme intends to present the new type EN-Drive Small Wind Systems. UK Market Report 2009, BWEA
www.bwea.com/pdf/small/BWEA%20SWS%20UK%20Market%20
Report%202009.pdf
Events in 2010:
AWEA “Small and Community Wind
Conference & Exhibition”
7 – 9 December, Portland, Oregon, USA
www.smallandcommunitywindexpo.org
, Hilton Hotel
Warsaw
www.ewec2010.info
www.conference2010.pwea.pl