The relation ‘is a factor of’ between set A = { 3, 4} and set B = {4, 6, 8} can be represented as below:
(a) Arrow diagram
(b) Ordered pairs
{(3, 6), (4, 4), (4, 8)}
(c) Cartesian graph
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
Domain, Codomain, Image, Object and Range
Example 2
The diagram above shows the relation between set A and set B. Find the domain, codomain and range of the relation.
Answer
The domain is {a, b}
The codomain is {p, q, r, s}
The range is {p, q, r}
Example:
Domain = {3, 4, 5} Codomain = {7, 9, 12, 15} Range = {9, 12, 15} [Note: 7 is not an image because it is not mapped to any object.
3 is the object of 9, 12 and 15.
4 is the object of 12. 5 is the object of 15.
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
9, 12 and 15 are the images of 3.
12 is the image of 4. 15 is the image of 5.
Type of Relation
Types of Relation Diagram
1 One to One Relation
In this relation, each object in the
domain has only one image in the codomain.
2 One to Many Relation
In this relation, one or more than one of
the objects in the domain has more than one image in the codomain.
3 Many to One Relation
In this relation, there are more than one
objects in the domain that have the same image in the codomain.
4 Many to Many Relation
In this relation, one or more than one of
the objects in the domain has more than one image in the codomain, and there are more than one object in the domain that have the same image in the codomain.
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
Function as a special kind of relation
A function is a relation in which every element in the domain has a unique image (exactly one) in the codomain. One-to-one relation and many-to-one relation are examples of a special kind of relation which we call function. A function should has the following properties: o All objects must have at least 1 image. o It is not necessarily that all elements in the codomain have object. o An object cannot has more than 1 image. o More than 1 object is allowed to have the same image.
Function is A Special ind of Relation
One to One Relation Many to One Relation
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
Notation of function
As shown in figure above, for a function f:X→Y f:X→Y , each element x in
the domain X has a unique image y in the codomain Y.
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
COMPARARIOSN METHOD
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
Finding a new function given a composite function.
CIKGU RS MURUGAN 016-4761809
Form 4: Additional Maths Chapter 1
Finding new function given a composite function (Case B : Second function is given) Harder. Make sure you try it !
