~ a ‘he Amocas Aneta Palen Ge Bae ¥.6, No 12 (Decor 17, 7.164218, 7 Fl Tag Plate Tectonics and Sandstone Compositions’ WILLIAM R. DICKINSON? and CHRISTOPHER A. SUCZEK: Abstract Detital framework modes of sandstone suites ttom ciferent kings of basins area function of Brovenance types governed by plata tacionics, Quartz ‘0\sands from continental efatons. are widespread ‘within interior basin, platform successions, miogoodl- ‘al wedges, and opening ocean basins. Arkosic sands {rom upitied basement Stocks are present locally iar troughs and in wrench basins elated to transiorm up lures. Voleaniciastc Ihc sands and more complex volcano plutonic sands served trom magmatic ares are present in trenches, fora bachs, and marginal Seas. Recycled crogenic sands. rch In quartz or chert Blue otter ihic ragments and derived trom subdue tion complexes, caltsion orogens, and foreland uolts, are present in cosrg ocean basis, cversa successor Basins. and’ foreand basing. Tranguar ‘dagrarns showing framework proportions of quartz, the Wo aks: Spars, polyerystaine quartzoso lines, and unstable lies of voicanic and sedimentary parentage success {uly detnguish the key roves, ype. lato between provenance and basin ars important tor hy rocarbon exploration because sand irameworks of ‘priate Serial comcentinsrevpend teen genesis, and thus depay cer sof poresty reduction with depth of burl INTRODUCTION Sandstone compositions are influenced by the character of the sedimentary provenance, the na- ture of the sedimentary processes within the de- Positional basin, and the kind of dispersal paths that link provenance to basin. The Key relations between provenance and basin are governed by plate tectonics, which thus ultimately controls the distribution of different types of sandstones. Data for modern marine and terrestrial sands from known tectonic settings provide standards to evaluate the effect of tectonic setting on sand- stone composition. By direct analogy with such modern sands and by inference for older sand- ‘Mone suites, broad categories of sandstone can be correlated with specific types of source terranes and basins associated with diverse plate tectonic regimes. Crook (1974) and Schwab (1975) have shown previously that quart-rich rocks are asso- ciated typically with passive continental margins, that quartz-poor rocks are mostly of voleanogenic derivation ftom magmatic island ares, and. that rocks of intermediate quartz content are associat- ed mainly with active continental margins or other orogenic belts. Our conclusions here are ex- tensions and amplifications of theic views (see also Krynine, 1948), FRAMEWORK MODES, As the character and amount of interstitial cs. ment and matrix are largely a function of diagen. ‘esis, provenance studies focus on proportions of detrital framework grains (Dickinson, 1970). For ‘comparative analysis of sandstone suites, varied framework modes must be east in common terms that reflect key factors of sand genesis (Table 1) For this study, we recalculated all modal compo: sitions as volumetric proportions of the followin, categories of grains (Graham et al, 1976): (I) sta: ble quartzose grains, Q, including both monocrys. talline quartz grains, Qm, and polyerystalline ‘quartzose lithic fragments, Qp, which are chiefly chert grains; (2) monocrystalline feldspar grains, F, including plagioclase, P, and K-feldspar, and (3) unstable polycrystalline lithic fragments, L, of two kinds: (a) Ly, Voleanie and metavolean. ie types, and (b) Ls, sedimentary and metas mentary types. The total lithic fragments, Lt, then equal the sum of unstable lithic fragments, L, plus sable quartzose lithic fragments, Qp. Extraneous constituents, such as heavy minerals and caleare- ‘ous grains, are disregarded in this scheme ©copyigh 1978. The American Asotin of Petcleum (tologats Al ahs reveved, "AAPG grants persion or asinge photocopy of his ace {or research purposs Other photocopeng not alowed by the 1978 Copyrigt Law is prohibited. For more than on pla ‘copy of ths arte, ser should send requ ari ide {ifeation umber (ee below), and $3.00 per copy 10 ‘Copyriht GesranceCxner, Ine, Ove Pak Aver New Yar, NV toe. manuscript received, December 27,178; accepted, se 15 2D sparen of Geoscience, Univers of Arizona, Tasion, Aszom 8571 Geology Department, Western Washington Universi. Belighar, Washington 9225, ‘Research was soppoted by the Earth Sciences Seton, ational Since Foundation. NSF Grant DES 75-6568 fo Sanford Unversity We sla thaak Jot Deke for blp wi ‘he calculations or Table Arie Ientetion Number 77978012 aN908,00/0 21642165 Plate Tectonics and Sandstone Composition (30d 1x20 uo panuneo.9) Se Lage ie os ro eee, ek iY BP Ba BR Ore a i OS 008 OE Set. ee TRS ee eS Or ee . 1961 ‘10444 pur BS 8h y 86 eee Se oe ee TP if or WED PUNE —§ 1 OF » 6 Le & 8 69 £€ 8 68 6 ‘ L96C WON Pus oqoH OL ZR OT OE BLO EGLO Areurayendy SUEY W NT aes (4) spurs weapon, pur suorspuns Jo suns p29} Jo sapoH, PoMOUEY UAW ACLPeres William R. Dickinson and Christopher A. 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