APS QUIZ REVIEWER – COLONIALISM

Colonialism – Practice of domination involving subjugation of one people to another; transfer of

people in to new territory to permanently settle while maintaining allegiance to country of origin
Imperialism – broadly refers to economic, political, military domination and control w/o
significant permanent settlement (AKA Neocolonialism)
Direct vs. Indirect Rule (Colonialism)

 Direct Rule
o “total repackaging” of a society
o Rule through colonial administrators (no natives in power)
o Wipe out of indigenous people
o Reduced native societies into the lowest people in new society
 Indirect Rule
o Colony is ruled by a native representative designated by a colonial power
o Natives maintain a degree of autonomy, preserves culture
Result of colonialism (accdg to Furnivall)

 Pluralistic Society
o “different groups that keep their identities while existing with other groups or a
more dominant group. Rather than just one group, subgroup, or culture
dictating how things go, pluralism recognizes a larger number of competing
interest groups that share the power”
(https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-pluralism.html)

Motives for Colonialism

Source: Powerpoints from Ms. and SEA group

 Good Trade [Routes]

 Overpopulation in original state
 Technology Advancement
 New Markets
 Raw Materials
 New territory and settlements
 Evangelization
 Social Darwinism
Methods of Colonization

 Destruction of land
 Divided rule
 Center to periphery (Putting themselves in the middle)
 Land confiscation
 Step-by-step
Impacts of Colonization
  Political system and government is changed (“Westernized” unilateral systems)
 Economy and Agriculture: Slave Labor, export-oriented, banking, civil services
 Transport and Infrastructure advancements (Steamships, railways)
 “Westernized” languages, laws and education (public schools, English/Spanish)
 Mixtures of race/population and creation of new classes (Mestizo – new middle
class)
 New Religious and Social beliefs (Monotheism, patriarchal society, individualism,
secularization)
 Exploitation, Commodification, and Commercialization of Natural Resources
 Health Advancements
Characteristics of Colonial rule:

 Application of violence, greed, treachery, inequality, abuse and exploitation of

privilege, etc.
 In-migration of Africans, Indians, Chinese and Europeans
 Racial discrimination and segregation
 African Slavery
 Partnership of local elites that act as replacements of foreign power-holders
 Continuity of colonial legacy
 Minimal benefits and developments of colonies
 Confiscated land
*Most colonized countries are developing countries
Modern Colonialism (16th to 20th centuries)
Main Colonizers:

 Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, UK/GB, France, USA, Germany, Japan

Phases of Colonialism

 Iberian ***
 Company Formula
 ***

REGIONS MAIN COLONIZERS NOTES

South East Asia  Spanish  Philippines
 Dutch was the only
 French one that was
 British directly
colonized (rest
was indirect)
 Thailand was
the only one
not colonized
North East Asia  Japanese  Imperialism in
 British Korea; State of
 Manchuria in
China
 19th Century –
Century of
Humiliation for
China
Australasia  British
Oceania  Americans
 Dutch
 French
North America (Non-  British
Latin America)
South America (Latin  Spanish
America)  Portuguese