Utilizing Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

and Citrus Fruits as Hand Sanitizer

An Investigatory Project – Final Paper Presented to the

Science Department, Philippine Southfield School
Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Science 10

By:

Rivera, Bhea Byl G.

Obnial, Maria Andrea Christabelle Y.
Layno, Kelly Stephanie R.
Catriz, Narish Loui J.

Grade 9 – Aguinaldo

February 11, 2019

APPROVED:

Ms. Paula Marie M. Llido

Adviser

ACCEPTED:

_____________________
Reader/ Panelist

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to share their deepest gratitude for the help and

support to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed to the

success in making the study.

Ms. Paula Marie Llido, LPT, their research adviser and science teacher, for her

advices and suggestions.

The researchers’ family and friends for the help, encouragement and guidance

that made the study possible. The researchers are also thankful for supporting them

financially.

And most of all, the Almighty God, for His unwavering support and for giving the

researchers the strength and patience. From Him the researchers owe all that they have

and all that they are.

ii
 ABSTRACT

This study titled “Utilizing Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Citrus Fruits as
Hand Sanitizer” aimed to determine the effectiveness of hand sanitizer in reducing
bacterial counts using okra and citrus fruits as main ingredients and to assess whether
the hand sanitizer is less irritating and fragrant to skin. Hand sanitizer samples were
tested by the respondents - the residents from the community of barangay Bugo and the
students of Philippine Southfield School. The researchers utilized the interview method
of data collection and used it as their research instrument. Based on the interview and
the observations of the respondents who tried the hand sanitizer, the texture of the
product was slightly sticky and just enough for their hands to handle. They also observed
that it doesn’t feel greasy on the hands and the odor of the product was soothing and not
irritating. The product is said to be successful by the people or the respondents who’ve
tested the product. It has been proven that the okra doesn’t have side effects and that
using this hand sanitizer takes lesser amount of time than hand washing, so people or
students can use this directly. It also demonstrated to be more affordable than the other
hand sanitizers because okra is cheaper than the other alternatives. Lastly, using this
product determined the efficacy in the reduction of bacterial counts on hands because of
the ethyl alcohol that was used.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………...………………. i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS …………….………………………………………………... ii

ABSTRACT …………….……………………………………………………………..… iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………….………………………………………………… iv

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study …………………………………….….............. 1
B. Statement of the Problem ……………………………………….............. 2
C. Significance of the Study ……………….……………………….............. 3
D. Scope and Limitation …………………………………………….............. 3
E. Definition of Terms ……………………………………………….............. 3

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE …………………………………...... 4

III. METHODOLOGY
A. Preparing the Materials ………….………….…………………….............. 12
B. Procedure in Making ………….…………………………………………..... 12
C. Procedure in Testing ………….…………………………………………..... 12
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings ………….……………………………………………….………..... 13
B. Analysis of Data ………….……………………………………….……..... 14
V. CONCLUSION ...……………………………………………………………… 15
VI. RECOMMENDATION ………….………………………………………..…… 15

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….... 16

iv
 CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Germs are found all over the world, in all kinds of places. They can invade plants,

animals, and people, and sometimes make people sick. The most common way germs

are spread is by the hands of the people, usually germs are transmitted from unclean

hands to food by an infected individual who didn’t wash his or her hands after doing

certain activities. The germs are then passed to those who eat the food.

Once germs invade the human bodies, they settle in for a long stay. They gather

up nutrients and energy, and can initiate in producing toxins, which are proteins that

behave or act like poisons. Toxins can cause symptoms of common infections and may

cause illnesses. Germs are often harmless but can also cause diseases such as cough,

colds, flu, and fever (Brogan, 2018).

The four major types of germs are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria

are single-celled, very small organisms thought by some researchers to be related to

plants and get nutrients from their environments in order to live. A virus is an even

smaller micro-organism that can only reproduce inside a host’s living cell. Most viruses

can’t survive very long if they’re not inside a living thing like an animal or a person. Fungi

may be unicellular or become multicellular by the development of filaments. Fungi may

also cause diseases called mycoses. Protozoa on the other hand are unicellular

organisms that love moistness and often spread diseases over water (Brogan, 2018).

Washing the hands properly with soap and warm water is the single most

important thing an individual can do to help reduce the spread of infections (CDC, 2018)

1
and help protect you, your family and those around you. The researchers came up with

this study because they want to investigate or try out another interesting product. Yes,

there are many problems out there but as they found out that one of the main problems

in the school room is the lack of alcohol or sanitizer, so they decided to make this

product because it is very handy, affordable and useful. The researchers also discovered

many ideas in the internet but this product is quite unique and one of a kind since they

will use Okra as the main ingredient. They want to show everyone that by using fruits

and vegetables, they can make a convenient, useful and an affordable product.

Thus, the researchers came up with this investigatory project to identify alternative

hand hygiene methods because hand washing facilities in the school are distant from the

students’ rooms and this study also wants to demonstrate hand sanitizer to be as or

more effective than hand washing with soap and water. Lastly, since hand sanitizer

doesn’t require the use of water, it takes lesser amount of time than hand washing which

saves up time for the people concern.

B. Statement of the Problem

The general objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the hand sanitizer.
Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions:

1. How effective is the hand sanitizer in reducing bacterial counts on hands and in
hydrating compared with other products?
2. Do the citrus fruits contained in the hand sanitizers make the hands fragrant?
3. Does the hand sanitizer be less irritating to skin or make the hands dry?
4. How affordable will it be compared with other hand sanitizers?

2
C. Significance of the Study

The people who will benefit from the study are the students from any year level,

kindergarten to college. The teachers, faculty members and staff within the school

premises will also benefit from this study. The people who live in urban and rural areas

shall also signify this study. The objective is to help everyone in the community, spread

cleanliness around using the product. And lastly, for future researchers, to update the

result of the study for further research which can be a source of information to anyone in

need that will be applicable for their studies which resembles the topic.

D. Scope and Limitations

The study focuses and tackles about the effectiveness of a homemade hand

sanitizer. The researchers are going to make a homemade hand sanitizer to help the

community of Barangay Bugo, especially the students, faculty, and staff of Philippine

Southfield School. This study is all about the community, the students and the people.

The study will use homemade hand sanitizer because the researchers want to help the

environment in decreasing the rise of infections.

3
E. Definition of Terms

Citrus Fruits - are known to grow in warm regions having thick rind and juicy pulp.

Ethanol - (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is a

chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula C. 2H. 5OH.

Hand sanitizer - also called hand antiseptic or hand rub, agent applied to the hands for

the purpose of removing common pathogens that can cause certain diseases.

Okra- a warm-season vegetable, also known as gumbo or ladies' fingers which is a good

source of minerals, vitamins and fiber.

Rural area - or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.

Toxins - are substances produced by plants and animals that are poisonous to humans.

Toxins also contain some medicines that are helpful in small doses, but toxic and

harmful in large amounts.

Urban area – is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of

built environment.

4
 CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Hand sanitizers address the challenge of improving hand hygiene within water-

constrained environments. The antimicrobial efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer is a

waterless hand hygiene product. The health impacts of stimulating hand sanitizer as an

alternative hand hygiene option for water-constrained environments should be evaluated

(Pickering et al., 2010). Alcohol use has been suggested as an option for hand hygiene.

Studies published between January 1992 and April 2002 in English and Thai, associated

to the effectiveness of alcohol‐based solutions, were considered (Picheansathian, 2004).

The risk factors of hand hygiene dilemma were handwashing practice before

meals and after toilet use, toilet use, hygiene education, number of student toilets at the

school, number of handwash stations for students at the school, cleanliness of student

toilets, no separate toilets for girls, insufficient soap at handwash stations, inadequate

water at handwash stations, type of toilet, and occurrence of unimproved water storage

at the school (Weaver et al., 2016).

Handwashing is observed as the most effective way of monitoring healthcare-

associated infection. A search of the literature recognized 42 intervention studies

seeking to observed increase compliance in which the data were collected by directly

noticing practice (Gould et al., 2007).

5
 Infectious diseases continue to be a dilemma on health and economic problem

within certain number of communities. Though effective hand hygiene education is

critical, there has been a steady weakening in hygiene promotion, especially in the

homes of people. Poor hand hygiene impact is related to increased occurrences of

illness, absences, and their associated costs. Most important strategies on infection

prevention renewed the commitment to “shared responsibility” in the homes and

classrooms (Boshell, 2016).

Numerous studies have indicated a connection between handwashing and illness-

related absence in school settings. The difficulty of ensuring consistent and effective

handwashing among student populations has also been described. The purpose of the

studies was to assess the efficacy of the use of an alcohol gel hand sanitizer in the

classroom to help reduce the illness-related absentee rate for elementary students.

Elementary school absenteeism due to infection is significantly decreased when an

alcohol gel hand sanitizer is used in the classroom as part of a hand hygiene platform

(Hammond et al., 2000).

Several studies have been conducted to assess and determine the antimicrobial

effectiveness of hand sanitizers alone, but very few literatures are available to assess

the difference between a number of disinfectants and hand sanitizers. Disinfectants are

6
agents chemically designed with an immediate and continued activity which somehow

destroys micro-organisms to such a level directed for hygienic and surgical indications.

Sanitizers, on the other hand, are agents with an immediate activity that decrease the

number of micro-organisms to a safe level to meet the public health requirements.

Disinfectant uses a better form of alcohol (propanol) to achieve more bacterial reduction

as compared to sanitizers (ethanol). Both of them may achieve bacterial reduction on

contact (Isfahan et al., 2016).

The effectiveness of ethanol hand sanitizers with or without organic acids to

remove detectable rhinovirus from the hands and prevent experimental rhinovirus

infection. Ethanol hand sanitizers were significantly more effective than hand washing

with soap and water. The organic acids to the ethyl alcohol provided residual virucidal

activity that continued for a few hours. Whether these treatments will reduce rhinovirus

infection in the natural setting remains to be determined (Turner et al., 2010).

Recent study finds that hand sanitizers could keep people healthy. The latest

hand hygiene research among young children in schools pointing to hand sanitizer,

according to a study published in a pediatric journal. The researchers found that children

who used hand sanitizer, instead of soap and water, reduced their sick days, respiratory

infections - causing runny noses or sore throat and antibiotic prescriptions. Hand

71
sanitizer may differ from an antibacterial soap. It should be used with water, and is

advertised as having the capacity to eradicate bacteria (Sandora et al., 2004).

A cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the range of germs present in

hand, and also how the students perceive hand washing. Contaminated hands play quite

a huge role in fecal-oral transmission of diseases (Ray et al., 2011). Harmful

microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, and fungi can be transferred to hands from

contaminated objects and surfaces people come into contact in daily life (Alwis et al.,

2012).

According to available scientific data, since the mid of 18th century, hand washing

is considered essential before any usual medical procedure and also considered to be a

crucial measure for monitoring infectious diseases (Ataee et al., 2017). It seems

reasonable to assume that handwashing with soap is also more effective in the reduction

of bacterial load compared to water alone. Future studies also could address the effects

of different hand hygiene measures on getting rid of gastro-intestinal or respiratory

viruses such as influenza (Burton et al., 2011).

Apparently, even handwashing is considered to be essential, there are still

disadvantages present and happened to be labeled as the “hand drying dilemma”.

Drying hands after washing is an important step as not drying them after washing helps

8
bacteria to survive on them (Ross, 2018). Hand dryers are claimed to be less messy,

more affordable, and overall ecologically friendlier but the paper towel industry defends

the paper towel as being able to accomplish so much more than the hand dryer will ever

be able to do (Scott, 2012).

According to a Mayo Clinic publication from 2012, paper towels exhibited greater

expectations to hand dryers from a hygiene perspective, as dyers were less effective in

wiping bacteria off the hands. But in contrast to these findings, University of Buffalo

researchers stated just last year that high-speed hand dryers were actually more

hygienic than paper towels. The studies may differ with their results; it all comes down to

a matter of choice or preference.

Disadvantages of handwashing lead many researchers to have further researches

on finding alternative methods in hand hygiene. Hands should be cleaned by rubbing

them with an alcohol-based formulation, as the preferred mean for routine hygienic hand

antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled. It is faster, more effective, and better endured

by the hands than washing them with soap and water (WHO, 2009).

Recent study published in The Journal of Food Protection and led by researchers

at The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University and collaborators from the

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León and GOJO Industries discovered that both soap

9
and alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) were effective hand hygiene solutions at

reducing concentrations of bacteria. Effective hand hygiene is vital to prevent the spread

of pathogens and reduce the risk of foodborne illness. In fact, some outbreaks have

been thought to be caused by insufficient sanitation and hygiene (Robertson, 2016).

Applying hand sanitizer is a great alternative when access to soap and clean,

running water is not available. Once selecting a hand sanitizer, it should contain at least

60 percent alcohol. Non- alcohol based and sanitizers with less than 60 percent alcohol

concentration have established to be less effective at killing germs (UPMC, 2014).

In the present study the effectiveness of hand sanitizers both alcohol and non-

alcohol based claims to kills 99.99% microorganisms including the most resistant form.

The alcohol free hand sanitizer; povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride or triclosan

have persistent antimicrobial activity for an extended period and claim to be effective in

microorganism eradication (Ali, 2015). Still, the efficiency of sanitizer depends on the

concentration and grade of its active ingredient (Hayat et al., 2016).

Citrus as part of the ingredients is a common term and genus of flowering plants

in the rue family, Rutaceae. These plants are large shrubs or small trees with spiny

shoots and alternately arranged evergreen leaves with an entire margin. Citrus fruit has

been cultivated in an ever-widening area since ancient times; the best-known examples

10
are the oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes. The flowers are solitary or in small

corymbs, each flower 2-4 cm diameter, with five (rarely four) white petals and numerous

stamens; they are often very strongly scented. Citrus fruits are an excellent source of

fiber and vitamin C, which is a nutrient that strengthens the immune system and keeps

the skin smooth and elastic and also, these fruits are notable for their fragrance. The

juice contains a high quality of citric acid giving them a characteristic flavor (Hai, 2016).

Another ingredient needed is Okra which is rich in Vitamin A and flavonoid anti-

oxidants like beta-carotene, xanthin and lutein that help to keep us from lung and oral

cavity cancers. The folates present in okra help to reduce the occurrence of neural tube

defects in newborn babies. Consumption of okra helps to improve skin health and also

help to strengthen bones. It also takes care of the heart and the entire cardiovascular

system by helping to lessen cholesterol levels and blood pressure. It may also

strengthen immune system.

A study about moisturizing effect on okra polysaccharide-containing hand rub was

formulated to decrease the dryness caused by traditional hand-cleansing products. The

study concluded that the moisturizing okra polysaccharide was compatible with the

formulations at all concentrations. Thus, the product containing moisturizing okra is safe,

efficacious and possesses desirable properties (Kanlayavattanakul et al., 2012).

11
 Moreover, whether it is antibacterial or antimicrobial, hand sanitizers are not and

should not be considered cleaning agents and are not meant as a replacement for soap

and water, but as a complementary practice. Sanitizers are most effective when used in

conjunction with diligent hand-washing. They play a substantial role and could be an

effective alternative to hand washing to achieve asepsis for all the health-care

professionals in outreach program, water scarcity areas, and in routine clinical practice.

(Jain et al., 2016).

Lastly, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health

Organization, and many other health experts promote hand hygiene as the single most

important measure in the prevention of infections. Thus, stressing proper hand hygiene

is an important first-line defense against the spread of multiple infectious diseases.

12
 CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY

A. Preparing the Materials

The materials used for the product are as follows: okra, citrus fruits peel such as

lemon peel and orange peel, ethyl alcohol, water and we need a blender, a cooking pot,

a bowl, a spoon and a small container.

B. Procedure in Making

The procedure follows step by step proceedings which follow as:

1. First, gather all of the ingredients, we needed a cooking pot and one liter of water

to cook the okra.

2. Second, grate the citrus fruits (lemon and orange peel).

3. Third, when the okra is done cooking strain the okra to get the okra slime.

4. Fourth, we needed a blender to blend the okra slime and the citrus fruits peel.

5. Fifth, add the ethyl alcohol and the lemon or orange peel then blend it.

6. Sixth, we need a bowl and spoon to get the finish product then put it in a small

container.

C. Procedure in Testing

The researcher used an interview to know the effectiveness of the product. The

interview was used to hear what the person’s opinion and observation about the product

before and after use. The interview and the observation will help the researcher to find

out the good effects and the side effects of the product.

13
 CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Findings

The following are the results of the said product:

TABLE 1.0
FEATURES OKRA GEL+ LEMON OKRA GEL +

PEEL ORANGE PEEL

FRAGRANCE: fresh lemony sweet orangey

COLOR : pale yellow bright yellow

CLARITY: Hazy Turbid

TEXTURE : slightly sticky slightly sticky

IMAGE 1.0

14
 The table 1.0 shows the different features of both Okra hand sanitizers using

different types of citrus fruits specifically Lemon and Orange. Based on the interview and

the observations of 3 different people the texture of both products were slightly sticky

and just enough for their hands to handle. They also observed that it doesn’t feel greasy

on the hands and the odor of the products were both soothing and not irritating. The

respondents suggest creating more of these products with a component that will make it

stickier and not that flowy so as not to waste the products if badly poured. The

respondents expect a more presentable product the next time they’ll try again to have

more positive feedbacks.

B. Analysis

After the observation and the interview that we conduct, the product has been

proven effective for the people who observed and tried the product. But, the respondents

suggest creating this product with a component that will make it stickier and not that

flowy. The texture of the sanitizer was slightly sticky, and the clarity or the clearness of

the product is hazy for the okra and lemon peel while the okra and orange peel is turbid.

The okra can be an alternative of aloe vera, and the fragrance of the fresh lemon that

came from the lemon peel and the sweet fragrance from the orange peel. EXPLAIN

WHAT IS/ARE IN THE OKRA AND CITRONELLA FRUITS THAT MAKE IT AS A

GOOD HAND SANITIZER? YOU MAY USE YOUR RESEARCH EXPLANATION

FOUND AT CHAPTER, OR RESEARCH AGAIN. DON’T FORGET TO PUT IN TEXT-

CITATION AND ADD REFERENCE TO BIBLIOGRAPHY.

 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION
15
The product is said to be successful by the people or the respondents who’ve

tested the product. It has been proven that the okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) can

be an alternative to aloe vera, and it is proven that the okra doesn’t have side effects

especially to the skin. It is proven that using this hand sanitizer takes lesser amount

of time than hand washing, so people or students can use this directly. It is more

affordable than the other hand sanitizers because okra is cheaper than the other

alternatives. Using this product can reduce the bacteria counts on hands because of

the ethyl alcohol that was used. The fresh lemon and sweet orange fragrance that

came from the citrus fruits peel is pleasing to smell.

CHAPTER VI – RECOMMENDATION

It has been proven that utilizing okra and citrus fruits peel as hand sanitizer is
successful. The researchers suggested the following recommendations in making this
product.
1. Although the taste and texture of okra is unique, some folks think its mild flavor
resembles that of green beans or eggplant. Those two vegetables may be
substituted for okra in many soups and stews. However, without okra's natural
thickening properties, cornstarch or flour may also have to be added.
2. Aloe vera can be the alternative to okra too; the aloe vera gel is an alternative
to the okra slime.
 3. Unfortunately, lemon, orange and other citrus fruits have such a unique flavor
that there really is no good substitute. Because citrus is an acidic ingredient,
you could try substituting another acid, such as vinegar, cider vinegar or a
fruit- or herb-flavored vinegar, in equal amounts called for.
4. Try something that will make the product stickier such as glycerine.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brogan, RJ. (2018). What are germs? [cited July 2018]. Retrieved from:
16
https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/germs.html

Centers for Disease Control (2018). Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives.

[Internet]. [cited 15 October 2018]. Available from:

https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html

Ware, M. (2017). Benefits and uses of Okra [cited 20 October 2017]. Available

from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311977.php

Thesaurus (2012). The Free Dictionary by Farlex – Citrus Fruit. Retrieved from:

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/citrus+fruit

Rogers, K. (2018). Hand sanitizer: Cleansing agent [cited 21 November 2018].

Available from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/hand-sanitizer

MedLinePlus (2019). Medical Encyclopedia – Toxins [cited 07 January 2019].

Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002331.htm

Pickering, A. J., Boehm, A. B., Mwanjali, M., & Davis, J. (2010). Efficacy of Waterless

Hand Hygiene Compared with Handwashing with Soap: A Field Study in Dar es Salaam,

Tanzania [cited 05 February 2010]. Available from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813169/
Picheansathian, W. (2018). A systematic review on the effectiveness of alcohol‐based
solutions for hand hygiene [cited 03 February 2004]. Available from:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2003.00457.x

Weaver, E. R., Agius, P. A., Veale, H., Dorning, K., Hlang, T. T., Aung, P. P., & Hellard,
M. E. (2016). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Facilities and Hygiene Practices
Associated with Diarrhea and Vomiting in Monastic Schools, Myanmar [cited 03 August
2016]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973172/

Gould, D. J., Chudleigh, J., Drey, N. S., & Moralejo, D. (2007). Measuring handwashing 17

performance in health service audits and research studies [cited 09 February 2007].
Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670107000564

Boshell, P. (2016). Hand Hygiene at Home and School [cited 19 August 2016]. Retrieved
from: https://infectioncontrol.tips/2016/08/19/hand-hygiene-home-school/

Turner, R. B., Fuls, J. L., & Rodgers, N. D. (2010). Effectiveness of Hand Sanitizers with
and without Organic Acids for Removal of Rhinovirus from Hands [cited March 2010].
Availablefrom:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40846815_Effectiveness_of_Han
d_Sanitizers
Sandora, D. (2004). Using Hand Sanitizer Stops Germs from Spreading [cited 03
October 2004]. Retrieved from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/14366.php
Ray, S. K., Amarchand, R., Srikanth, K., & Majumdar, K. K. (2011). A study on
prevalence of bacteria in the hands of children and their perception on hand washing in
two schools of Bangalore and Kolkata [cited October 2011]. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221799127_A_study_on_prevalence_of_bacter
ia_in_the_hands_of_children_and_their_perception_on_hand_washing_in_two_schools_
of_Bangalore_and_Kolkata
Alwis, W. R., San, L. W., & Xiaofen, E. C. (2012). A Study on Hand Contamination and
Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students [cited 06 February 2012]. Retrieved
from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/251483/
Ataee, R. A., Tavana, A. M., & Salesi, M. (2017). Bacteriological Aspects of Hand
Washing: A Key for Health Promotion and Infections Control [cited 10 March 2017].
Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5364736/
Ross, J. (2018). The bacterial horror of hot-air hand dryers [cited 11 May 2018].
Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-bacterial-horror-of-the-hot-air-
hand-dryer-2018051113823
Scott, E. (2012). State Food Safety Resources: “Up-To-Date News About Food Safety”
Retrieved from: https://www.statefoodsafety.com/Resources/article/article/the-hand-
drying-dilemma
Brogan, R. J. (2018). What are germs? [cited July 2018]. Retrieved from:
https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/germs.html
18
Centers for Disease Control (2018). Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives. [Internet].
[cited 15 October 2018]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-
handwashing.html

Ware, M. (2017). Benefits and uses of Okra. [cited 20 October 2017]. Available from:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311977.php

Thesaurus (2012). The Free Dictionary by Farlex – Citrus Fruit. Retrieved from:
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/citrus+fruit

Rogers, K. (2018). Hand sanitizer: Cleansing agent [cited 21 November 2018]. Available
from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/hand-sanitizer

MedLinePlus (2019). Medical Encyclopedia – Toxins [cited 07 January 2019]. Available

from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002331.htm
 CURRICULUM VITAE
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6
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Bhea Byl G. Rivera 6

Date of Birth: November 25, 2003

Age: 15
Nationality: Filipino
Residence Address: Phase 2A, VTS, Bugo, Cagayan De Oro City
Contact Number: +639363960596
Email Address: Bheabylrivera25@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 5

Secondary Philippine Southfield School

Phase 1 Villa Trinitas, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City

Elementary Philippine Southfield School

Phase 1 Villa Trinitas, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City
 CURRICULUM VITAE
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here

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Maria Andrea Christabelle Y. Obnial
Date of Birth: August 25, 2003
Age: 15
Nationality: Filipino
Residence Address: Zone 4 upper Bugo Cagayan De Oro City
Contact Number: +639366593222
Email Address:

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Philippine Southfield School

Phase 1 Villa Trinitas, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City

Elementary Bright Rock School

Zone 6, Bugo-Reyes Main Rd, Cagayan de oro city
 CURRICULUM VITAE
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here

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Kelly Stephaie R. Layno
Date of Birth: April 26, 2003
Age: 15 y.o
Nationality: Filipino
Residence Address: #385 Zone 1 Upper Bantiles, Bugo, Cagayan De Oro City
Contact Number: +639756417499
Email Address:

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Philippine Southfield School

Phase 1 Villa Trinitas, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City

Elementary Bugo Central School

Bugo, Cagayan de oro city, Misamis Oriental

22
 CURRICULUM VITAE
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here

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Narish Loui J. Catriz
Date of Birth: September 1,2003
Age: 15
Nationality: Filipino
Residence Address: Bugo, Trinitas subdivision, Block 12 Lot 28
Contact Number: +639362570025
Email Address:

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Philippine Southfield School

Phase 1 Villa Trinitas, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City

Elementary St. Joseph School

Bugo, Cagayan De Oro City, MIsamis Oriental

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