Of Revenge Summary by Francis Bacon

Analysis - Compiled by Ali Murtaza Ansir : BS-English : FUUAST AHQ(C)

One of the famous essays of Bacon ‘Of Revenge’ analyses the prevalence of revenge or
retribution-seeking in modern society.

 Contents
1. Human Instinct

2. Forgiveness

3. Past Cannot be Changed

4. Importance of Revenge

5. Burning in Revenge

1: Human Instinct
Francis Bacon starts by expressing an inherent need in human behaviour to settle scores.
In other words, it means to gain some form of pleasure by punishing people who hurt us
or commit injustice and cause embarrassment.This shows our basic animal side and
needs to be curtailed and discourage through law and enforcement measures.
Committing a crime or causing pain is the initial offence and should be dealt with
legally.But to balance the scales through same unlawful action is a second offence.
Justice and fairness must be sought but through the civilized and lawful course. Hence,
revenge cannot be justified in any form.

2: Forgiveness
He insists that achievement of humans should always be to talk about one’s purpose and
existence. Therefore, forgiveness and generosity is a superior trait than taking
revenge.He claims that even though taking revenge may bring evenness and
temporary satisfaction, being the better person and offering second chances bring greater
human achievement and peace.An act of forgiveness demands strength of character,
perspicacity and bravery that is not so common in human beings of ordinary grain.He
argues the position of a royal regent who has the pardoning powers but lacks the anguish
and personal involvement and loss that an ordinary person has to overcome. Hence, it
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 Of Revenge Summary by Francis Bacon
Analysis - Compiled by Ali Murtaza Ansir : BS-English : FUUAST AHQ(C)

becomes easier for the regent to forgive than a common person.Quoting King Solomon
from the Bible, Bacon emphasizes the superiority of taking the moral high ground and
showing compassion and forgiveness.He says that if a person harbours feeling revenge
and gets stuck in the violent cycle of past harm and agonies, it becomes impossible to
move forward and claim a better future.

3: Past Cannot be Changed

History cannot be expunged or changed. But the present and the future can be made
better through careful efforts and large-heartedness. A wise man always looks at the
opportunities ahead rather than the past follies.He takes his lessons and applies them in
the future to grow and rise above his mistakes. A man falls into error or crime for
hundreds of reasons, personal gain, ill-advice, unchecked desire etc.Bacon believes that
one should not be concerned about another person who wants to corner some benefit and
pleasure for himself and instead feel sorry for the one who is a prisoner to his own
desires, urges and instincts.

These people are in a cage of their own instincts and deserve mercy because they exist to
cause pain like a thorny bush. This cage is enough humiliation and punishment for them.

4: Importance of Revenge
Now we see Bacon agrees on some ground to people bent on revenge. He says that when
some crime is committed which cannot be punished through legal means and the
perpetrator is likely to go untried, then retribution can be approved.

However, the revenge itself should be extra-legal otherwise the act of ‘revenge’ can be
brought to justice through legal apparatuses. He also claims that sometimes it is
acceptable to let the perpetrator of the initial offence know that he is being targeted and
dished by his victim.This can serve as a seat of some comfort to the victim and a
warning for the perpetrator to prevent from repeating his crime. It may even trigger some
penitence in him.On the flipside, if the perpetrator is a truly evil and hard-hearted
person, he might never accept his own culpability and continue to live in senselessness
world of his crime.As an example of justifiable revenge, Bacon goes on to suggest that
when one is harmed by a friend, it is much more deplorable and unforgivable. He gives
the example of the Duke of Florence who forgave his enemies but never pardoned his
evil-plotting friends.However, he again gives a Biblical example of Prophet Job who

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 Of Revenge Summary by Francis Bacon
Analysis - Compiled by Ali Murtaza Ansir : BS-English : FUUAST AHQ(C)

advised that one should accept the good with the bad and the beautiful with the ugly. So,
all friends should be valued.

5: Burning in Revenge

Bacon condemns the revenge-seekers who never let their wounds heal as they are always
burning with hurt and lusting for inflicting damage. The axe that they grind on, keeps
their scars fresh. Otherwise, time heals every injury.Bacon comments on the hypocrisy
of revenge itself. Sometimes the acts are lauded like in the case of the death of tyrants
like Caesar etc. These public forms of revenge can act as deterrents for tyranny and evil
and sometimes are even celebrated.The secret plots of personal and private revenge are
more terrible, even though they all are a form of the spirit of hate and anger. In the
end, the poison of revenge causes much more damage to the one bearing it.It is akin to a
person drinking venom and expecting his enemy to die. Hate and desire for revenge are
unhealthy and suffocating, primarily for the person who carries such emotions within
him.

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