5G

5G (from "5th Generation") is the latest generation of cellular mobile

5G
communications. It succeeds the 4G (LTE-A, WiMax), 3G (UMTS, LTE)
and 2G (GSM) systems. 5G performance targets high data rate, reduced
latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system capacity, and massive
device connectivity. The first phase of 5G specifications in Release-15 is to
accommodate the early commercial deployment. The second phase in
Release-16 is due to be completed by April 2020 for submission to the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a candidate for IMT-
2020 technology.[1]
3GPP's 5G logo
The ITU IMT-2020 specification demands speeds of up to 20 Gbit/s, Industry Telecommunication
achievable with wide channel bandwidths and massive multiple-input and
multiple-output capabilities.[2] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is going to submit 5G NR (New Radio)
as its 5G communication standard proposal. 5G NR can include lower frequencies (FR1), below 6 GHz, and higher
frequencies (FR2), above 24 GHz and into the millimeter waves range. However, the speed and latency in early
deployments, using 5G NR software on 4G hardware (non-standalone), are only slightly better than new 4G systems,
estimated at 15 to 50% better.[3][4][5] Simulation of standalone eMBB deployments showed improved throughput
between 2.5×, in the FR1 range, and nearly 20×, in the FR2 range.[6]

Contents
Overview
Performance targets
Usage scenario
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC)
Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)

Advantages
Speed
Low communication latency
New use cases
Standards
Air interface
5G NR
Pre-standard implementations
NB-IoT/eMTC

Deployment
Spectrum
5G devices
Resistance
Technology
New radio frequencies
Frequency range 1 (< 6 GHz)
Frequency range 2 (> 24 GHz)
Massive MIMO
Edge computing
 5G cell
Beamforming
Wifi-cellular convergence
NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access)
SDN/NFV
Operation in unlicensed spectrum
Confusion
Regional progress
Other applications
Digital television
Automobiles
Healthcare
Automation (factory and process)
Public safety
See also
History
References
External links

Overview
Like the earlier generation 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks, 5G networks are digital cellular networks, in which the
service area covered by providers is divided into a mosaic of small geographical areas called cells. Analog signals
representing sounds and images are digitized in the phone, converted by an analog to digital converter and
transmitted as a stream of bits. All the 5G wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a local antenna
array and low power automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell, over frequency channels assigned by
the transceiver from a common pool of frequencies, which are reused in geographically separated cells. The local
antennas are connected with the telephone network and the Internet by a high bandwidth optical fiber or wireless
backhaul connection. Like existing cellphones, when a user crosses from one cell to another, their mobile device is
automatically "handed off" seamlessly to the antenna in the new cell.

Their major advantage is that 5G networks achieve much higher data rates than previous cellular networks, up to
10 Gbit/s; which is faster than current cable internet, and 100 times faster than the previous cellular technology, 4G
LTE.[7][8] Another advantage is lower network latency (faster response time), below 1 ms (millisecond), compared with
30 - 70 ms for 4G.[8] Because of the higher data rates, 5G networks will serve not just cellphones but are also
envisioned as a general home and office networking provider, competing with wired internet providers like cable.
Previous cellular networks provided low data rate internet access suitable for cellphones, but a cell tower could not
economically provide enough bandwidth to serve as a general internet provider for home computers.

5G networks achieve these higher data rates by using higher frequency radio waves, in or near the millimeter wave
band[7] from 30 to 300 GHz, whereas previous cellular networks used frequencies in the microwave band between
700 MHz and 3 GHz. A second lower frequency range in the microwave band, below 6 GHz, will be used by some 5G
providers, but this will not have the high speeds of the new frequencies. Because of the more plentiful bandwidth at
millimeter wave frequencies, 5G networks will use wider frequency channels to communicate with the wireless device,
up to 400 MHz compared with 20 MHz in 4G LTE, which can transmit more data (bits) per second. OFDM
(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation is used, in which multiple carrier waves are transmitted in
the frequency channel, so multiple bits of information are being transferred simultaneously, in parallel.