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CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1

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IMPORTANCE OF CONNECTION DESIGN


‰ Most critical part of steel structure design process.
‰ The least understood part of the structure.
‰ Inherently the weakest part of structure.
‰ Most probable location of occurrence of stress
Connections concentration.
‰ Existing design procedures are generally not on the
basis of actual stress distribution.
‰ The most affected part by fatigue stress.
‰ Connection failure has been regarded as the most
major cause of steel structure failure.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
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STEPS IN DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE


STRESS CONCENTRATION A. Estimation of loads, modeling and analyses.
B. Design of beams, columns and other main members.
A rectangular plate with a small hole subjected to uniform axial tension C. Design of connections
D. Detailing.
σ
Detailing Loading and
Analyses


a 2r σ Relative Importance


σ Of Different Steps

σ 

r << a Connection Member


design design

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
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Steel Sculpture

STEEL SCULPTURE
University of
Alberta, Canada

A carefully designed
steel structural form
demonstrating various
types of connections
used in steel structures.

Also available at:


Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA
University of Wyoming, USA
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
and many others.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

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BOLTED CONNECTIONS: IMPORTANT REFERENCES BOLTED CONNECTIONS: BOLTS, NUTS & WASHERS
US standard
dimensions for high
strength bolts, nuts
and washers.
(AISC Manual 13th Ed.
Table 7-15)

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BOLTED CONNECTIONS: WASHERS BOLTED CONNECTIONS


‰ Bearing Type Connections → covered in CE319
‰ Slip Critical Connections
‰ When a high-strength bolt is installed to have a
specified initial tension, there will be an initial
pre-compression between the pieces being
joined, as shown in Fig.
‰ ƒ”†‡‡†•–‡‡Ž™ƒ•Š‡”•ƒ”‡—•‡†‹ƒ›•–”—…–—”ƒŽ…‘‡…–‹‘•–‘•’”‡ƒ†’”‡••—”‡ˆ”‘ ‰ A transfer of plate tension loads P as shown in
–Š‡„‘Ž––‹‰Š–‡‹‰’”‘…‡••‘˜‡”ƒŽƒ”‰‡”ƒ”‡ƒ Fig. then occur entirely via friction at service
‰ ƒ•Š‡”•”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ƒ”‡’”‘˜‹†‡†‹‡…–‹‘͸‘ˆ‘Ž–’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ȋʹͲͲͻȌ load levels, and there may be no bearing of the
bolt shank against the side of the hole.
‰ ƒ•Š‡”•ƒ›ƒŽ•‘„‡—•‡†–‘…‘˜‡”ƒ‘˜‡”•‹œ‡†‘”•Ž‘––‡†Š‘Ž‡ Ͷ͵͸ Žƒ–™ƒ•Š‡”•
ƒ”‡‘•–…‘‘Ž›—•‡† ‰ Until the friction force μT is overcome, the shear
‰ ƒ’‡”‡†™ƒ•Š‡”•ȋƒ„‘˜‡Ž‡ˆ–Ȍƒ”‡—•‡†™Š‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ…‡„‡‹‰„‘Ž–‡†Šƒ•ƒ•Ž‘’‡†•—”ˆƒ…‡ǡ strength of the bolt and the bearing strength of
•—…Šƒ•–Š‡ˆŽƒ‰‡‘ˆƒ…Šƒ‡Ž‘”ƒ•Šƒ’‡ the plate will not affect the ability to transfer
load across the shear plane between plates.
‰ ‘”’”‡Ǧ–‡•‹‘‡†Œ‘‹–•ǡ͵ʹͷ„‘Ž–•”‡“—‹”‡ƒ™ƒ•Š‡”—†‡”–Š‡–—”‡†‡Ž‡‡–ȋŠ‡ƒ†‘”
—–Ȍ„‡‹‰–—”‡†–‘–‹‰Š–‡–Š‡„‘Ž–ȋ•Š‘™—†‡”–Š‡—–ǡƒ„‘˜‡”‹‰Š–ȌǤ
‰ ‘”’”‡Ǧ–‡•‹‘‡†Œ‘‹–•™‹–Š•’‡…‹ˆ‹‡†›‹‡Ž†•–”‡‰–ŠŽ‡••–ŠƒͶͲ•‹ǡͶͻͲƒ† ʹʹͺͲ
„‘Ž–•”‡“—‹”‡ƒ™ƒ•Š‡”—†‡”„‘–Š–Š‡Š‡ƒ†ƒ†—–
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS


When slip resistance at service load is
desired, the joint is referred to as a slip- ‰ The coefficient of friction, or more
properly the slip coefficient, depends on
critical joint.
the surface condition, with such items as
mill scale, oil, paint, or special surface
Slip-critical joints are normally used treatments determining the value of μ.
when
‰ Joints are subjected to reversing ‰ The range of μ. varies from 0.2 to 0.6
depending on the surface condition.
fatigue load,
‰ Joints that use oversized or slotted ‰ To avoid directly using the coefficient of
holes parallel to the applied load, friction and to permit design of slip-
critical joints using the same general
‰ Seismic design of connections approach as for bearing-type connections,
‰ Joints in which slip would be the friction force μT is divided by the bolt
detrimental to the performance of the gross cross-sectional area Ab to obtain a
structure. so-called "shear stress“ on the bolt.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS


‰ The AISC Specification [J3.8] uses the slip limit state (a The slip resistance of the connection is affected by three factors:
serviceability limit state) as the criterion for design. Adequate
slip resistance must be provided in joints where slip at service 1. Slip coefficient of the faying surface which depends on the type of
load cannot be tolerated. surface between the connected parts.

‰ Slip is considered critical when it causes excessive distortion, or 2. The pre-tensioning method. AISC recognizes four different
anywhere the loss of clamping action is considered undesirable. methods to pretension high strength bolts:

‰ If slip failure occurs, the connection will behave as a bearing type ‰ Turn-of-the-nut,
connection and the actual failure of bolts in a joint will be a shear ‰ Calibrated wrench,
failure of the bolts, or bearing failure in the connected material. ‰ Twist-off type tension-control bolt assemblies, and
‰ Direct tension indicator assemblies.
3. Hole size and shape; oversize holes and slotted holes in the
direction of the load make bolts more susceptible to slip than
standard holes.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS


Turn-of-the-nut Method:
*ULS :DVKHU ‰ This procedure is based on the load-deformation characteristics of the
1XW fastener and the connected parts.
:DVKHU)DFH
‰ One full turn of a nut corresponds to a fixed length of travel along the bolt
threads, which can be correlated to the elongation of the bolt. The stress–
strain relationship for the bolt material can then be used to compute the
tension in the bolt.
‰ For any size and type of bolt, therefore, the number of turns of the nut
required to produce a given tensile force can be computed.
‰ The specified rotation is from a snug position, with snug being defined as
6KDQN the tightness after a few impacts with an impact wrench or after the full
7KUHDG
+HDG effort of one worker with an ordinary spud wrench, with all parts of the
connection in firm contact.
/HQJWK
‰ In spite of all the uncertainties and variables involved, the turn-of-the-
nut method has proved to be reliable and surprisingly accurate.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Turn-of-the-nut Method: Calibrated Wrench Method:
Table 8.2 in the high-
‰ Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–‘”“—‡
strength bolt specification ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘ƒˆƒ•–‡‡”ƒ†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–’”‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ
(RCSC, 2009) gives the ‰ Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡’”‡–‡•‹‘ƒ†–‘”“—‡‹•ƒ…‘’Ž‹…ƒ–‡†‘‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ
required nut rotation for ƒ†‹–”‡ˆŽ‡…–••—…Šˆƒ…–‘”•ƒ•–Š‡–Š”‡ƒ†’‹–…Šǡ–Š”‡ƒ†ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ†‘–Š‡”‰‡‘‡–”‹…ƒŽ
various bolt sizes in terms ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž–ƒ†—–ǡƒ†–Š‡ˆ”‹…–‹‘…‘†‹–‹‘•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•
of the ratio of length to
…‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡„Ž›Ǥ
diameter to develop full
tensile strength of standard ‰ •ƒ…‘•‡“—‡…‡ǡ‹–‹•‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›ƒ‰”‡‡†–Šƒ–†‡”‹˜‡†–‘”“—‡˜•Ǥ’”‡–‡•‹‘
structural bolts. ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ƒ”‡—”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ǤŠ‡’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‹•‡š’Ž‹…‹–—’‘–Š‹•’‘‹–Ǥ –
•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–ǡ"This Specification does not recognize standard torques determined from
tables or from formulas that are assumed to relate torque to tension.Dz
There is a role for a torque-based installation method, however. Provided that
the relationship between torque and resultant bolt pretension is established by
calibration, then it becomes an acceptable method of installation. In the RCSC
Specification, this is known as the Calibrated Wrench Method of installation.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Calibrated Wrench Method: Twist-off Type Tension-Control (TC) Bolt:
‰ ‡•‹‘Ǧ…‘–”‘Ž„‘Ž–•ǡ ͳͺͷʹǡƒ”‡
ˆƒ•–‡‡”•–Šƒ–‡‡––Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•
‘ˆ͵ʹͷ„‘Ž–•ǡ„—–™Š‹…ŠŠƒ˜‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ
ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•–Šƒ–’‡”–ƒ‹–‘–Š‡‹”‹•–ƒŽŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‰ Š‡„‘Ž–Šƒ•ƒ•’Ž‹‡†‡†–Šƒ–‡š–‡†•
„‡›‘†–Š‡–Š”‡ƒ†‡†’‘”–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž–ƒ†
ƒƒ—Žƒ”‰”‘‘˜‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–Š”‡ƒ†‡†
’‘”–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž–ƒ†–Š‡•’Ž‹‡†‡†Ǥ
‹‰—”‡•Š‘™•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆƒ–‡•‹‘Ǧ
‰ Torque wrenches are used for this purpose.
…‘–”‘Ž„‘Ž–ǤŠ‡„‘Ž–•Š‘™Šƒ•ƒ”‘—†
‰ The torque required to attain a specified tension in a bolt of a given size and Š‡ƒ†ǡ„—–‹–…ƒƒŽ•‘„‡•—’’Ž‹‡†™‹–Š–Š‡
grade is determined by tightening this bolt in a tension-indicating device. •ƒ‡Š‡ƒ†ƒ•Š‡ƒ˜›Š‡š•–”—…–—”ƒŽ„‘Ž–•Ǥ
‰ This calibration must be done daily during construction for bolts of each
‰ Š‡„‘Ž–ǡ—–ǡƒ†™ƒ•Š‡”—•–„‡•—’’Ž‹‡† ͳͺͷʹ ‹‰ŠǦ•–”‡‰–Š‡†‹—
size and grade.
ƒ•ƒƒ••‡„Ž›ǡ‘”ǡ̶•‡–Ǥ̶ …ƒ”„‘•–‡‡Ž‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘
͵ʹͷ

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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Twist-off Type Tension-Control (TC) Bolt: Twist-off Type Tension-Control (TC) Bolt:
‰ ‡•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‘—†–Šƒ––‡•‹‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹„‘Ž–•˜ƒ”‹‡•
ˆ”‘
¾ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”–‘ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”ǡ
¾ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆƒ‰‹‰ǡ™‡ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ǡƒ†
¾ Š”‡ƒ†…‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ
¾ ”‹…–‹‘…‘†‹–‹‘•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–‘–Š‡„‘Ž––Š”‡ƒ†•ǡ‘
–Š‡—–ˆƒ…‡ǡƒ†‘–Š‡™ƒ•Š‡”••—’’Ž‹‡†™‹–Š–Š‡
„‘Ž–•Ǥ
Š‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ™”‡…Š”‡“—‹”‡†–‘‹•–ƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡„‘Ž–•Šƒ•–™‘…‘ƒš‹ƒŽ…Š—…•Ȅƒ‹‡” ¾ Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž—„”‹…ƒ–•—’’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡
…Š—…–Šƒ–‡‰ƒ‰‡•–Š‡•’Ž‹‡†‡†ƒ†ƒ‘—–‡”…Š—…–Šƒ–‡˜‡Ž‘’‡•–Š‡—–ǤŠ‡–™‘ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–‹••—‡Ǥ
…Š—…•–—”‘’’‘•‹–‡–‘‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡”–‘–‹‰Š–‡–Š‡„‘Ž–Ǥ –•‘‡’‘‹–ǡ–Š‡–‘”“—‡ ‰ Š‡‹•–ƒŽŽƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ–‡•‹‘Ǧ…‘–”‘Ž„‘Ž–—•‡•ƒ‡–Š‘†
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†„›–Š‡ˆ”‹…–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡—–ƒ†„‘Ž––Š”‡ƒ†•ƒ†ƒ––Š‡—–Ȃ™ƒ•Š‡” –Šƒ–†‡’‡†•‘–‘”“—‡Ǥ••—…Šǡ–Š‡’”‘…‡•••Š‘—Ž†„‡
‹–‡”ˆƒ…‡‘˜‡”…‘‡•–Š‡–‘”•‹‘ƒŽ•Š‡ƒ””‡•‹•–ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽƒ––Š‡ƒ—Žƒ” …ƒŽ‹„”ƒ–‡†ǤThis is a requirement of the RCSC
ʹʹͺͲȂ ‹‰ŠǦ•–”‡‰–ŠŠ‡ƒ–
‰”‘‘˜‡Ǥ Š‡•’Ž‹‡†‡†‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž––Š‡•Š‡ƒ”•‘ˆˆƒ––Š‡‰”‘‘˜‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡Šƒ• SpecificationǤ
–”‡ƒ–‡†•–‡‡Ž‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘
„‡‡’”‘’‡”Ž›ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡†ƒ†…ƒŽ‹„”ƒ–‡†ǡ–Š‡–ƒ”‰‡–„‘Ž–’”‡–‡•‹‘‹•ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†ƒ– ͶͻͲ
–Š‹•’‘‹–Ǥ
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Direct Tension Indicators (DTI): ”‘–”—•‹‘•
Direct Tension Indicators (DTI):
‰ Š‡‘•–…‘‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡†‡˜‹…‡•‹•ƒ
™ƒ•Š‡”™‹–Š’”‘–”—•‹‘•‘‹–••—”ˆƒ…‡Ǥ
‰ Š‡–Š‡„‘Ž–‹•–‹‰Š–‡‡†ǡ–Š‡
’”‘–”—•‹‘•ƒ”‡…‘’”‡••‡†‹  ƒ•Š‡”
’”‘’‘”–‹‘–‘–Š‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡„‘Ž–Ǥ
‰ ’”‡•…”‹„‡†ƒ‘—–‘ˆ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
…ƒ„‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ˆ‘”ƒ›„‘Ž–ǡƒ†
™Š‡–Šƒ–ƒ‘—–Šƒ•„‡‡ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†ǡ
–Š‡„‘Ž–™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡’”‘’‡”–‡•‹‘Ǥ
‰ Š‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘…ƒ„‡†‡–‡”‹‡†„›
‡ƒ•—”‹‰–Š‡‰ƒ’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡—–‘”
Š‡‰ƒ’„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ™ƒ•Š‡”ƒ†„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†‹•ƒˆ—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ–‡•‹‘ˆ‘”…‡
„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†ƒ†–Š‡—†‡ˆ‘”‡† ’ƒ”–‘ˆ
‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡„‘Ž–•Šƒ„›–‹‰Š–‡‹‰‘ˆ„‘Ž–ǤŠ‡‰ƒ’‹•‡ƒ•—”‡†„›ˆ‡‡Ž‡”‰ƒ‰‡ǤŠ—•
–Š‡™ƒ•Š‡”•—”ˆƒ…‡—•‹‰ƒˆ‡‡Ž‡”‰ƒ‰‡Ǥ „›‹•’‡…–‹‰–Š‡‰ƒ’—•‹‰ƒˆ‡‡Ž‡”‰ƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡–‹‰Š–‡‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž–…ƒ„‡…‘ˆ‹”‡†ǤDTI
method of bolt tightening also requires a calibration procedure to be followed as per
‡‡Ž‡”‰ƒ‰‡ RCSC specification.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
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SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS BOLTED CONNECTIONS: CHOICES


Direct Tension Indicators (DTI): Š‡†‡•‹‰‡”Šƒ•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡„‘Ž–•—•‡†—•–„‡”‡Ǧ–‡•‹‘‡†‘”‡‡†
‘Ž›„‡•—‰Ǧ–‹‰Š–‡‡†ǤŠ‡†‡•‹‰†‘…—‡–•—•–‹†‹…ƒ–‡–Š‡‹–‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
†‡•‹‰‡”Ǥ
BridgesȄ –Š‡‰”‡ƒ–ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ…ƒ•‡•ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡“—‹”‡†–Šƒ––Š‡Œ‘‹–•‘–•Ž‹’
—†‡”–Š‡ƒ…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡’‡–‹–‹˜‡Ž‘ƒ†–Šƒ–‹•’”‡•‡–‹ƒŽŽ„”‹†‰‡•ǤThis
means that the joints must be designated as slip-critical.
Š‡ ’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘’‡”‹–•„‡ƒ”‹‰Ǧ–›’‡…‘‡…–‹‘•‘Ž›ˆ‘”Œ‘‹–•‘
„”ƒ…‹‰‡„‡”•ƒ†ˆ‘”Œ‘‹–••—„Œ‡…–‡†–‘ƒš‹ƒŽ…‘’”‡••‹‘Ǥ –‹•Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ–
‘•–„”‹†‰‡†‘…—‡–•™‹ŽŽ”‡“—‹”‡•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽŒ‘‹–•–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–‹–Š‡
‹–‡”‡•–‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘”‹–›Ǥ
Buildings—Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”„—‹Ž†‹‰•ƒŽŽ‘™‘”‡Žƒ–‹–—†‡‹–Š‡•‡Ž‡…–‹‘‘ˆ
„‘Ž–‹•–ƒŽŽƒ–‹‘Ǥ –‹•‘–—•—ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ„—‹Ž†‹‰–‘Šƒ˜‡‘˜‹‰Ž‘ƒ†•ǡƒ†™‹†
DTI shall not be subjected to torque friction. –‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–Šƒ–†‹”‡…––‡•‹‘‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•„‡
ƒ†‡ƒ”–Š“—ƒ‡ˆ‘”…‡•ƒ”‡‘–…‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘”‡•—Ž–‹ˆƒ–‹‰—‡Ǥ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡
’”‘’‡”Ž›‘”‹‡–‡†‹–Š‡ƒ••‡„Ž›ȋʹͲͲͻȌ
ƒȌ Š‡„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡—–‹•–—”‡†Ȃ  —†‡”„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†
‡‡†ˆ‘”’”‡Ǧ–‡•‹‘‡†ƒ†•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ„‘Ž–•‹•‘–ƒ•ˆ”‡“—‡–‹„—‹Ž†‹‰•ƒ•
„Ȍ Š‡„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡—–‹•–—”‡†Ȃ  —†‡”—–ȋ™ƒ•Š‡””‡“—‹”‡†Ȍ ‹–‹•ˆ‘”„”‹†‰‡•ǤHowever, AISC requires that all bolting shall be slip-critical
…Ȍ Š‡—–‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†‹•–—”‡†Ȃ  —†‡”„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†ȋ™ƒ•Š‡””‡“—‹”‡†Ȍ in joints/connections designed to resist seismic force (AISC 341-05,
†Ȍ Š‡—–‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡„‘Ž–Š‡ƒ†‹•–—”‡†Ȃ  —†‡”—– Part-I, Sec. 7.2).
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 27 Connections - 1 28

DESIGN OF SLIP CRITICAL CONNECTIONS DESIGN OF SLIP CRITICAL CONNECTIONS


Š‡†‡•‹‰‘ˆ•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ…‘‡…–‹‘•”‡“—‹”‡•ˆ—ŽŽ…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š
Ž‹‹–•–ƒ–‡•ǤŠ‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡„‘Ž–•‹•Š‡ƒ”ǡ„‡ƒ”‹‰ǡƒ††‹”‡…––‡•‹‘—•–„‡
‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ•Ž‹’—•–„‡”‡•‹•–‡†ƒ–•‡”˜‹…‡Ž‘ƒ†ǡ•—…Šƒ•D ΪLǡƒ† AISC Specification 2005
ˆƒ…–‘”‡†•‡”˜‹…‡Ž‘ƒ†ǡ•—…Šƒ•ͳǤʹD ΪͳǤ͸Lǡ—•–‘–‡š…‡‡†–Š‡†‡•‹‰•–”‡‰–ŠφRnǡ
ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘ Ǧ ͵ǤͺǤ Ǧ ͵Ǥ†‡ˆ‹‡•–Š‡•Ž‹’Ž‹‹–•–ƒ–‡ȋ‘‹ƒŽ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡Ȍƒ•
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

ܴ௡ ൌ ߤ‫ܦ‬௨ ݄௦௖ ܰ௦ ܶ௕

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 29 Connections - 1 30

BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR
a. Elastic Analysis (covered in CE319)
b. Strength Analysis
Žƒ•–‹…ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‡ƒ•›–‘ƒ’’Ž›„—–‹•‹ƒ……—”ƒ–‡Ȅ‘–Š‡…‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡•‹†‡Ǥ
Š‡ƒŒ‘”ˆŽƒ™‹–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•–Š‡‹’Ž‹‡†ƒ••—’–‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡ˆƒ•–‡‡”Ž‘ƒ†Ȃ
†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‹•Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡›‹‡Ž†•–”‡••‹•‘–‡š…‡‡†‡†Ǥ
š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡˜‹†‡…‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‹•‹•‘––Š‡…ƒ•‡ƒ†–Šƒ–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆƒ•–‡‡”•†‘
‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ™‡ŽŽǦ†‡ˆ‹‡†•Š‡ƒ”›‹‡Ž†•–”‡••Ǥ
•–”‡‰–ŠƒƒŽ›•‹•‡–Š‘†ǡ–Š‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡…–‹‘‹•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†—•‹‰
ƒ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽŽ›†‡–‡”‹‡†‘Ž‹‡ƒ”Ž‘ƒ†Ȃ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ˆ‘”–Š‡
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆƒ•–‡‡”•Ǥ

Š‡„‘Ž–•Š‡ƒ”ˆ‘”…‡R …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘ƒ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ȟ ‹•ǡ


ࡾ ൌ ࡾ‫ܜܔܝ‬ሺ૚ െ ࢋࣆࢤ ሻࣅ = ࡾ‫ ܜܔܝ‬૚ െ ࢋ૚૙ࢤ ૙Ǥ ૞૞

Š‡”‡μ αͳͲƒ†λ αͲǤͷͷ‹•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡–‘ˆ”ƒ™ˆ‘”†ƒ†—Žƒƒ†e ᄃ•‡‘ˆ


ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ‘‰ƒ”‹–ŠαʹǤ͹ͳͺǤƒš‹—˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Δ α αͲǤ͵Ͷ‹…ŠǤ
R—Ž– ᐑ‹ƒŽ•Š‡ƒ”•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ„‘Ž–Ǥ

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 31 Connections - 1 32

BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR
Strength Analysis Š‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡…–‹‘‹•„ƒ•‡†
Strength Analysis
‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ••—’–‹‘•ǣ
ͳǤ –ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡ǡ–Š‡ˆƒ•–‡‡”‰”‘—’”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–ƒ
‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•…‡–‡”ȋ ȌǤ
ʹǤ Š‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ…Šˆƒ•–‡‡”‹•
’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘‹–•†‹•–ƒ…‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ƒ†
ƒ…–•’‡”’‡†‹…—Žƒ”Ž›–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
͵Ǥ Š‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡…–‹‘‹•”‡ƒ…Š‡†
™Š‡–Š‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ•–‡‡”
ˆƒ”–Š‡•–ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‹•”‡ƒ…Š‡†ǤȋΔ α ˆ‘” –‹•‘”‡…‘˜‡‹‡––‘™‘”™‹–Šˆ‘”…‡
–Šƒ–„‘Ž–ǤȌ …‘’‘‡–•

ͶǤ Š‡…‘‡…–‡†’ƒ”–•”‡ƒ‹”‹‰‹†Ǥ

™Š‡”‡x ƒ†y ƒ”‡–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽƒ†˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ


†‹•–ƒ…‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•…‡–‡”ȋ Ȍ
–‘–Š‡ˆƒ•–‡‡”Ǥ

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 33 Connections - 1 34

BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR
Strength Analysis ––Š‡‹•–ƒ–‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž—”‡ǡ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹——•–„‡ Strength Analysis Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ’”‘…‡†—”‡‹•–‘ƒ••—‡–Š‡Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†ǡƒ†–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š”‡‡ –Š‡‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•…‡–‡”ǡ–Š‡†‡–‡”‹‡‹ˆ–Š‡
…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆP •ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—
‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘
‡“—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ˆ•‘ǡ–Š‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘‹•…‘””‡…–ƒ†P ‹•–Š‡
–Š‡ˆƒ•–‡‡”‰”‘—’ȋ”‡ˆ‡”–‘ ‹‰—”‡Ȍǣ …ƒ’ƒ…‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡…–‹‘ǤŠ‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’”‘…‡†—”‡
‹•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ
ͳǤ ••—‡ƒŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ†…‘’—–‡˜ƒŽ—‡ˆ‘”rͲǤ
ʹǤ ‘Ž˜‡ˆ‘”P ˆ”‘–Š‹”†‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
͵Ǥ —„•–‹–—–‡rͲ ƒ†P ‹–‘ˆ‹”•–ƒ†•‡…‘†‡“—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
ͶǤ ˆ–Š‡•‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡•ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡†™‹–Š‹ƒ
ƒ……‡’–ƒ„Ž‡–‘Ž‡”ƒ…‡ǡ–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•…‘’Ž‡–‡Ǥ
–Š‡”™‹•‡ǡƒ‡™–”‹ƒŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ —•–„‡
•‡Ž‡…–‡†ƒ†–Š‡’”‘…‡••”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ǥ

‡‡‡šƒ’Ž‡ͶǤͳʹǤ͵ǡ’ƒ‰‡ͳʹ͵ǡƒŽ‘et al.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 35 Connections - 1 36

BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR
Strength Analysis: Slip Critical Connections
Š‡•ƒ‡•–”‡‰–Š’”‘…‡†—”‡‹•”‡…‘‡†‡†ˆ‘”•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ…‘‡…–‹‘•ƒ•ˆ‘”
„‡ƒ”‹‰–›’‡…‘‡…–‹‘•Ǥ‹…‡•Ž‹’Ǧ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡‹•ƒ•‡”˜‹…‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›”‡“—‹”‡‡–ǡ‘–ƒ
•–”‡‰–Š”‡“—‹”‡‡–ǡ‹–‹•Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ‡‹–Š‡”–›’‡
…‘‡…–‹‘„›–Š‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡•–”‡‰–Šƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š†‡•…”‹„‡†ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ

Š‡–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ•–”‡‰–Š‹–‡•‹‘‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ǡ–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ•–”‡‰–Š‹•Š‡ƒ”‹•‘–•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›
’”‡ˆ‡””‡†’”‘…‡†—”‡ˆ‘”ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ…‘‡…–‹‘•ƒ–•‡”˜‹…‡Ž‘ƒ†‹•–‘
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥƒ•‡†‘‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•ǡ–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘ƒ›„‡”‡’”‡•‡–‡†
…‘•‹†‡”–Š‡”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡Ri ƒ•…‘•–ƒ–ˆ‘”ƒŽŽˆƒ•–‡‡”•ǡ•ƒ›ǡƒ–™Šƒ–‡˜‡”‹•–Š‡ „›ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹…ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ǡ
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡•Š‡ƒ”•–”‡‰–ŠǤ‹…‡–Š‡„‘Ž–•‹ƒ•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽŒ‘‹–—•–„‡‹•–ƒŽŽ‡†™‹–Š
‹‹–‹ƒŽ–‡•‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒˆƒ‹”Ž›—‹ˆ‘”…Žƒ’‹‰ƒ…–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’‹‡…‡• ȏ“ǤͶǤͳͶǤͳǡƒŽ‘et al.Ȑ
„‡‹‰Œ‘‹‡†Ǥ

‡‡‡šƒ’Ž‡ͶǤͳʹǤͶǡ’ƒ‰‡ͳʹͷǡƒŽ‘et al.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 37 Connections - 1 38

BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 39 Connections - 1 40

BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR

”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ
”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡
’”‡…‡†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘•

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 41 Connections - 1 42

BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR
Slip-Critical Connections-AISC LRFD Method
Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆ–‡•‹‘‹ƒ•Ž‹’Ǧ…”‹–‹…ƒŽ…‘‡…–‹‘”‡†—…‡•–Š‡…Žƒ’‹‰ˆ‘”…‡ƒ†
Š‡…‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‹…–‹‘ƒŽ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡Ǥ……‘”†‹‰Ž›ǡ–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡•Ž‹’”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡’‡”„‘Ž–
—•–„‡”‡†—…‡†Ǥ Ǧ ͵Ǥͻ’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ”‡†—…–‹‘ˆƒ…–‘”ksǡ–‘„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡•Ž‹’Ǧ
”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡Ž‹‹–•–ƒ–‡…‘’—–‡†ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘ Ǧ ͵ǤͺǤŠ‡ˆƒ…–‘”ks ‹•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

‡‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•ͶǤͳͶǤͳǡͶǤͳͶǤʹƒ†ͶǤͳͶǤ͵ǡƒŽ‘et al.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 43 Connections - 1 44

CLASSIFICATION OF FRAMING CONNECTIONS (AISC) CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS (AISC)


AISC TYPE-1. Fully Restrained (FR) Moment Connection (Rigid Framing: )
¾ Full continuity is provided.
¾ Transfers both moment and shear.
¾ Original angles between intersecting members are held virtually constant.
¾ Rotational restraint of 90% or more is required. ‘‡–•ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”
¾ Used under both working and plastic design methods. •Ž‘’‡Ǧ†‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘•
ȋ•Š‘™™‹–Š’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‹‰•ȌǤ
AISC TYPE-2. Simple Connections (Simple Framing: )
¾ Rotational restraint at member ends is negligible. Beam Line Equation: Ma
¾ Shear transfer only. ’’Ž›‹‰•Ž‘’‡Ǧ†‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘ƒ
¾ Change in angle between members can be as high as 80% of the amount it Ž‘ƒ†‡†„‡ƒǡ™‡…ƒŠƒ˜‡
MFa
would theoretically change if frictionless hinged connection could be used.
¾ Used under working design only.

AISC TYPE-3. Partially-rigid (PR) Connections (Semi-rigid Framing):


¾ Rotational restraint is between 20 to 90%
¾ Full shear transfer and partial moment transfer. ‘”•›‡–”‹…ƒŽŽ‘ƒ†Ȁ†‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘„‡ƒǡ
ߠܽ
™‡…ƒŠƒ˜‡ ‫ܯ‬ி௔

ʹ‫ܫܧ‬Ȁ‫ܮ‬

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 45 Connections - 1 46

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS (AISC) CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS (AISC)


‹‰—”‡•Š‘™•ƒ†‹ƒ‰”ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡„‡ƒǦŽ‹‡  ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–Š”‡‡–›’‡•‘ˆ…‘‡…–‹‘•
‡“—ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒŽ•‘–Š‡‘‡–Ǧ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ „›–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ–Š‡‹”•‡…ƒ–”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆ–›’‹…ƒŽ…‘‡…–‹‘•‘ˆ ›’‡• •–‹ˆˆ‡••ǡKs αMs Ȁθs ǡ—†‡”•‡”˜‹…‡Ž‘ƒ†ǡ
ǡǡƒ†‹’Ž‡Ǥ ™Š‡”‡Ms ƒ†θs ƒ”‡–Š‡‘‡–ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ
”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡Ž›ǡƒ–•‡”˜‹…‡Ž‘ƒ†•Ǥ
‰ Š‡–›’‹…ƒŽ ȋ”‹‰‹†Ȍ…‘‡…–‹‘™‘—Ž†
Šƒ˜‡–‘…ƒ””›ƒ‡†‘‡–Mͳ ƒ„‘—– ‰ Š‡Ks εʹͲEIȀLǡ–Š‡…‘‡…–‹‘‹•
ͻͲΨ‘”‘”‡‘ˆMFaǡŠ‡…‡‹–•†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ …‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡ˆ—ŽŽ›”‡•–”ƒ‹‡†Ǣ
”‡•–”ƒ‹–ƒ›„‡•ƒ‹†–‘„‡ͻͲΨǤ
‰ Š‡Ks δʹEIȀL –Š‡…‘‡…–‹‘‹•
‰ Š‡‹’Ž‡‘‡…–‹‘ƒ›Šƒ˜‡–‘”‡•‹•– …‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡•‹’Ž‡ǡƒ†
‘Ž›ʹͲΨ‘”Ž‡••‘ˆ–Š‡‘‡–MFaǡ‹•
‹†‹…ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡‘‡–MʹǤ ‰ ‘‡…–‹‘•Šƒ˜‹‰•–‹ˆˆ‡••„‡–™‡‡–Š‡
–™‘Ž‹‹–•ƒ”‡…‘•‹†‡”‡†’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›
‰ ȋ•‡‹Ǧ”‹‰‹†Ȍ…‘‡…–‹‘™‘—Ž†„‡ ”‡•–”ƒ‹‡†Ǥ
‡š’‡…–‡†–‘”‡•‹•–•‘‡‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡
˜ƒŽ—‡M͵ ƒ–’‡”Šƒ’•ͷΨ‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹š‡†Ǧ‡†
‘‡–MFaǤ

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 47 Connections - 1 48

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS (AISC) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)


š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•–—†›„›
‰ Simple shear connections
ƒ–Š„—ǡ ǤǤǡŽƒ•–‹…”‘’‡”–‹‡•‘ˆ‹˜‡–‡†‘‡…–‹‘•ǡTrans. ASCEǡ˜‘ŽǤͳͲͳǡ’Ǥͷ͵ͻǡͳͻ͵͸Ǥ
(commonly known as framed
beam connections), and now
referred to as "Simple
Connections" (AISC-B3.6), are
used to connect beams to
other beams or to column
flanges or webs when simple
support of the beam has been
assumed.

‰ Design of such connections


has become somewhat
standardized using Part 10 of
the AISC Manual, which
provides the design methods
and tables for Simple Shear
Connections Simple connections

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 49 Connections - 1 50

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

1. All Bolted Double-Angle 2. Bolted/Welded Double-Angle


AISC TYEPS:
1. All Bolted Double-Angle Connections
2. Bolted/Welded Double-Angle Connections
Clip angle
3. All-Welded Double-Angle Connections
4. Bolted/Welded Shear End-Plate Connections
5. All-Bolted Unstiffened Seated Connections 3. All-Welded Double-Angle 4. Bolted/Welded Shear End-Plate

6. All-Welded Unstiffened Seated Connections


7. All-Bolted Stiffened Seated Connections
8. Bolted/Welded Stiffened Seated Connections

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 51 Connections - 1 52

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
5. All-Bolted Unstiffened Seated 6. All-Welded Unstiffened Seated Simple Framed Beam Connection

7. All-Bolted Stiffened Seated 8. Bolted/Welded Stiffened Seated

Clip angle

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 53 Connections - 1 54

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle
P
For bolted clip angles

a t
a b t Δ
a a L b
T T T

Section a-a
e

T = Tensile force per unit length at end of clip angle


P = Reaction supported by clip angles
g αʹge
Stress at top/bottom of clip angles,

T = f × 2t =

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 55 Connections - 1 56

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle
Design Procedure by Direct Calculation Design Procedure using AISC Manual Chart
Part 10 of AISC Manual contains necessary
ͳǤ ‘’—–‡†‡•‹‰„‘Ž–„‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ†•Š‡ƒ”•–”‡‰–Š˜ƒŽ—‡•”‡Žƒ–‹‰–‘ design tables for easy design and ready
…‘‡…–‹‘•–‘™‡„•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡…‘†ƒ”›„‡ƒǤ ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ••—‡–Šƒ–„‘Ž– reference for Simple Connections.
•’ƒ…‹‰s ε͵dbǡLc εʹǤͲdbǡ–™‘‘”‘”‡„‘Ž–•™‹–Š•–ƒ†ƒ”†Š‘Ž‡•Ǥ

Bolt and angle


capacity
All Bolted Double Angle
ʹǤ Š‡…„Ž‘…•Š‡ƒ”Ž‹‹–•–ƒ–‡‘–Š‡…‘’‡†„‡ƒǤ
͵Ǥ Š‡…„‘Ž–„‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ†•Š‡ƒ”…ƒ’ƒ…‹–›–‘–”ƒ•ˆ‡”–Š‡Ž‘ƒ†–‘–Š‡‰‹”†‡”™‡„Ǥ
ͶǤ ‡–‡”‹‡…Ž‹’Ǧƒ‰Ž‡•‹œ‡„ƒ•‡†‘†‡–ƒ‹Ž‹‰”‡“—‹”‡‡–ƒ†–Š‹…‡••
„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ‡•Š‘™‘’”‡…‡†‹‰•Ž‹†‡•ǤŽ•‘…Š‡…„‘Ž–„‡ƒ”‹‰
Ž‹‹–•–ƒ–‡‘ƒ‰Ž‡•Ǥ

Beam web
capacity
ͷǤ ‘’—–‡…Ž‹’Ǧƒ‰Ž‡†‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…Š‡…™‹–Š–Š‡„‡ƒ‡†
”‘–ƒ–‹‘–‘˜‡”‹ˆ›–Šƒ––Š‡…Ž‹’ƒ‰Ž‡†‘‡•‘–’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–
”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‡‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•ͳ͵ǤʹǤͳǡͳ͵ǤʹǤʹƒ†ͳ͵ǤʹǤ͵ǡƒŽ‘et al.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 57 Connections - 1 58

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle
Stress in the weld in welded clip angles
Method of Blodgett
t Δ Angles bear against themselves for L/6
b
T
Moment equilibrium:

ˆ‘”…‡ȀŽ‡‰–Š

Direct Shear: ˆ‘”…‡ȀŽ‡‰–Š

Resultant:

Increasing thickness of clip angle will ˆ‘”…‡ȀŽ‡‰–Š


reduce stress but also reduce deflection,
i.e. desired flexibility may be lost.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 59 Connections - 1 60

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle
Stress in the weld in welded clip angles
Design by Direct Calculation: Design by AISC Manual Charts
Salmon et al.
Ž‘†‰‡––̵•ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡‰Ž‡…–•‡……‡–”‹…‹–›eͳǡ™Š‹…Š–‡†•–‘ ƒ„Ž‡ͳͲǦ͵‘ˆ ƒ—ƒŽƒ›„‡—•‡†
…ƒ—•‡–‡•‹‘ƒ––Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡™‡Ž†Ž‹‡•ǤƒŽ‘et al. „‡Ž‹‡˜‡‹– ͳǤ ‡Ž‡…–™‡Ž†•‹œ‡ƒ†ƒ••—‡ƒ
‹•‘”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘…‘•‹†‡”–Š‡ˆŽ‡š—”ƒŽ•–”‡••†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ •‹œ‡‘ˆ…Ž‹’ƒ‰Ž‡ǤŠ‡fr ƒ†
‘ˆ ‹‰Ǥȋ…Ȍ–‘„‡ƒ‘”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ eͳ •ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘™ǤP ‹•ƒŽ•‘
‘™‘”‰‹˜‡Ǥ‘Ž˜‡–Š‡
™‡Ž†•–”‡••‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘
†‡–‡”‹‡LǤ
Resultant:
ʹǤ ‘’—–‡…Ž‹’Ǧƒ‰Ž‡†‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘
ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…Š‡…™‹–Š
–Š‡„‡ƒ‡†”‘–ƒ–‹‘–‘
ˆ‘”…‡ȀŽ‡‰–Š ˜‡”‹ˆ›–Šƒ––Š‡…Ž‹’ƒ‰Ž‡†‘‡•
‘–’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–
ˆ‡†”‡–—”‘ˆ–Š‡™‡Ž†•ƒ”‡…‘•‹†‡”‡†–Š‡ǡ ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‡‡‡šƒ’Ž‡ͳ͵ǤʹǤͷǡƒŽ‘et al.

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

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