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Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 3 Connections - 1 4
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 5 Connections - 1 6
Steel Sculpture
STEEL SCULPTURE
University of
Alberta, Canada
A carefully designed
steel structural form
demonstrating various
types of connections
used in steel structures.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 7 Connections - 1 8
BOLTED CONNECTIONS: IMPORTANT REFERENCES BOLTED CONNECTIONS: BOLTS, NUTS & WASHERS
US standard
dimensions for high
strength bolts, nuts
and washers.
(AISC Manual 13th Ed.
Table 7-15)
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 9 Connections - 1 10
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
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Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 13 Connections - 1 14
Slip is considered critical when it causes excessive distortion, or 2. The pre-tensioning method. AISC recognizes four different
anywhere the loss of clamping action is considered undesirable. methods to pretension high strength bolts:
If slip failure occurs, the connection will behave as a bearing type Turn-of-the-nut,
connection and the actual failure of bolts in a joint will be a shear Calibrated wrench,
failure of the bolts, or bearing failure in the connected material. Twist-off type tension-control bolt assemblies, and
Direct tension indicator assemblies.
3. Hole size and shape; oversize holes and slotted holes in the
direction of the load make bolts more susceptible to slip than
standard holes.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 15 Connections - 1 16
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 17 Connections - 1 18
SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Turn-of-the-nut Method: Calibrated Wrench Method:
Table 8.2 in the high-
strength bolt specification Ǥ
(RCSC, 2009) gives the
ǡǡ
required nut rotation for
ǡ
various bolt sizes in terms ǡ
of the ratio of length to
Ǥ
diameter to develop full
tensile strength of standard
ǡǤ
structural bolts. Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ"This Specification does not recognize standard torques determined from
tables or from formulas that are assumed to relate torque to tension.Dz
There is a role for a torque-based installation method, however. Provided that
the relationship between torque and resultant bolt pretension is established by
calibration, then it becomes an acceptable method of installation. In the RCSC
Specification, this is known as the Calibrated Wrench Method of installation.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 19 Connections - 1 20
SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Calibrated Wrench Method: Twist-off Type Tension-Control (TC) Bolt:
Ǧ
ǡ ͳͺͷʹǡ
͵ʹͷǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Torque wrenches are used for this purpose.
Ǥ
The torque required to attain a specified tension in a bolt of a given size and ǡ
grade is determined by tightening this bolt in a tension-indicating device.
Ǥ
This calibration must be done daily during construction for bolts of each
ǡǡ ͳͺͷʹǦ
size and grade.
ǡǡ̶Ǥ̶
͵ʹͷ
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 21 Connections - 1 22
SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Twist-off Type Tension-Control (TC) Bolt: Twist-off Type Tension-Control (TC) Bolt:
¾
ǡ
¾
ǡǡ
¾
Ǥ
¾
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ȅ ¾
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ Ǧ
Ȃ Ǥ
ǡ
ǤThis is a requirement of the RCSC
ʹʹͺͲȂ Ǧ
Ǥ Ǥ SpecificationǤ
ǡ
ͶͻͲ
Ǥ
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 23 Connections - 1 24
SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
Direct Tension Indicators (DTI):
Direct Tension Indicators (DTI):
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǤǤ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǤDTI
method of bolt tightening also requires a calibration procedure to be followed as per
RCSC specification.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 25 Connections - 1 26
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 27 Connections - 1 28
ܴ ൌ ߤܦ௨ ݄௦ ܰ௦ ܶ
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 29 Connections - 1 30
BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR
a. Elastic Analysis (covered in CE319)
b. Strength Analysis
Ȅ
Ǥ
Ȃ
Ǥ
ǦǤ
ǡ
Ȃ
Ǥ
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 31 Connections - 1 32
BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR
Strength Analysis
Strength Analysis
ǣ
ͳǤ ǡ
ȋȌǤ
ʹǤ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ǤȋΔ αΔ
ǤȌ
ͶǤ Ǥ
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 33 Connections - 1 34
BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR
Strength Analysis ǡ Strength Analysis
ǡ
ǡ
P
Ǥǡ
P
ȋ Ȍǣ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ͳǤ
rͲǤ
ʹǤ P Ǥ
͵Ǥ rͲ P
Ǥ
ͶǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ͶǤͳʹǤ͵ǡͳʹ͵ǡet al.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 35 Connections - 1 36
BOLTED CONNECTION SUBJECTED TO ECCENTRIC SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR
Strength Analysis: Slip Critical Connections
Ǧ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǧ
Ǥǡ
Ri
ǡǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǧ
ǡ
ȏǤͶǤͳͶǤͳǡet al.Ȑ
Ǥ
ͶǤͳʹǤͶǡͳʹͷǡet al.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 37 Connections - 1 38
BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 39 Connections - 1 40
BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 41 Connections - 1 42
BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR BOLTED CONNECTION IN COMBINED TENSION & SHEAR
Slip-Critical Connections-AISC LRFD Method
Ǧ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǤǦ
͵Ǥͻ
ksǡǦ
Ǧ
͵ǤͺǤ
ks ǣ
ͶǤͳͶǤͳǡͶǤͳͶǤʹͶǤͳͶǤ͵ǡet al.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 43 Connections - 1 44
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 45 Connections - 1 46
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 47 Connections - 1 48
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 49 Connections - 1 50
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 51 Connections - 1 52
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
5. All-Bolted Unstiffened Seated 6. All-Welded Unstiffened Seated Simple Framed Beam Connection
Clip angle
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 53 Connections - 1 54
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle
P
For bolted clip angles
a t
a b t Δ
a a L b
T T T
Section a-a
e
T = f × 2t =
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 55 Connections - 1 56
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All Bolted Double Clip Angle
Design Procedure by Direct Calculation Design Procedure using AISC Manual Chart
Part 10 of AISC Manual contains necessary
ͳǤ design tables for easy design and ready
Ǥ reference for Simple Connections.
s ε͵dbǡLc εʹǤͲdbǡǤ
Beam web
capacity
ͷǤ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ͳ͵ǤʹǤͳǡͳ͵ǤʹǤʹͳ͵ǤʹǤ͵ǡet al.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 57 Connections - 1 58
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle
Stress in the weld in welded clip angles
Method of Blodgett
t Δ Angles bear against themselves for L/6
b
T
Moment equilibrium:
Ȁ
Resultant:
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018
CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1 CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 1
Connections - 1 59 Connections - 1 60
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections) SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)
Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle Simple Framed Beam Connection: All welded clip angle
Stress in the weld in welded clip angles
Design by Direct Calculation: Design by AISC Manual Charts
Salmon et al.
̵
eͳǡ
ͳͲǦ͵
Ǥet al. ͳǤ
Ǥfr
Ǥȋ
Ȍ
Ǥ eͳ ǤP
Ǥ
LǤ
Resultant:
ʹǤ
Ǧ
Ȁ
ǡ
Ǥ
ͳ͵ǤʹǤͷǡet al.
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018 Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018