Chapter 2

2.1 Single phase square wave inverter(180° conduction mode)

Input Voltage, Vdc = 560 V DC
Duty Ratio = 0.5
Switching Frequency = 500Hz
Assumed Load = 100 kW
Induction heaters have 3 possible basic circuit layouts. For low-cost applications and low output
power levels, usually a one switch topology is used. For medium-high power output levels half
bridge inverter is used. For high power output levels full-Bridge inverter is used. The full-bridge
inverter has the ability to transfer very high power to the load at high efficiency.
In our project we have used a single phase full bridge inverter with R-L load (coil) and R-L-C
load. It employs 4 IGBT switches along with 4 antiparallel diodes. The aim is to operate the
inverter in resonance to get maximum heating efficiency.

Inverter Circuit Schematic

Inverter waveforms

Figure 2.2 : Single Phase Inverter Waveforms

It is evident from from Fig 2.2 that

Vinv=Peak value of inverter output voltage

Imax=Peak value of inverter output current

For positive half cycle of inverter output voltage:-

Output Voltage Load current Time interval Device active

Positive Negative θ D1,D2

Positive Positive 180-θ Sw1,Sw2

For negative half cycle of inverter output voltage:-
Output Voltage Load current Time interval Device active

Negative Positive (180) - (180+θ) D3,D4

Negative Negative (180+θ) - 360 Sw3,Sw4

2.2 WHY IS LOAD OPERATED AT RESONANCE

CONDITION ?
The object to be heated is placed inside the inductor coil which will produce a high frequency
electromagnetic field which in turn induces eddy current inside the metal.

We=I2eddy×R ; I= eddy current produced

So,if we can ensure maximum current through inductor coil then eddy current loss will be
maximum,hence maximum heating will be produced.
Hence,to maximize the inductor coil current we are implementing the resonance condition by
adding a capacitor to the circuit such that capacitive reactance is equal to induative reactance of
the coil.

Figure 2.3: Series R-L-C circuit Schematic

.
Thus the circuit impedance(for a series R-L-C) can be written as:

𝑍=𝑅+𝑗 (XL−𝑋𝐶)

𝐕
𝐼= 𝐙

∴Thus 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑋𝐿=𝑋𝐶 ,

𝑍=𝑅;(minimum value of impedance ,Z)
𝐕
Thus ,current, 𝐈 = 𝐑
is the equation for the maximum value of the circuit current .

2.3 MODELLING OF A SINGLE PHASE INVERTER WITH

R-L-C LOAD OPERATING AT RESONANCE CONDITION
Design of a 100 KVA, 500 Hz inverter with R-L-C load operating at resonance condition such
that VL = 1000V and input VDC=560 V , 𝑷=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑽𝑨 ; 𝒇=𝟓𝟎𝟎𝑯𝒛 ; VL=1000V

After calculation we obtain

𝑹 =2.54 𝛀

𝑳= 𝟏.𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝑯

𝑪= 𝟔𝟑.𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟒𝝁𝑭

Hence taking these values of R , L and C , the inverter circuit is designed in MATLAB with R-L-C
series load
and VDC=560 V as shown below
Figure 2.4: Simulink Model for Single Phase inverter with R-L-C load operating at Resonance condition

2.4 STUDY OF WAVEFORMS

Figure 2.5: Resistor voltage(top),Inductor voltage(middle),Load voltage(bottom) profiles

Figure 1.6: IGBT 1 current(top),Diode current(middle),Load current(bottom) profiles

Figure 2.7:Dc Link current profile