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Apparatus:-
The apparatus consists of single stage air compressor which is
driven by an induction motor. It sucks air from inlet air tank
through an orifice and air filter compressed air is stored in the
receiver. Delivery pressure gauge and temperature sensors are
fitted
Specification
Compressor
Single stage air compressor air cooled (with fins) of Cylinder
Bore d = 64mm
Stroke length = 75mm
Maximum air pressure = 7kg/cm2
Capacity of air receiver tank = 100 liters
With pressure relieve valve and receiver Drain cock
Motor
2 H.P., single phase, 2850 rpm induction motor
Measurement
a. Air inlet tank with filter and orifice with water manometer for
inlet air volume measurement Orifice Diameter 15mm
b. Multichannel digital temperature at various point
c. Pressure Gauge for delivery pressure
Experimental procedure
1. Ensured the pressure of sufficient oil in the crank case of
compressor
2. Filled -up water in the manometer up to about half of the
manometer
3. Closed delivery valve of the compressor and start the
compressor
4. Let the receiver pressure rise up to 2.5kg/cm2.Now open the
delivery valve so that constant delivery pressure of 2kg/cm2 is
achieved.
5. Waited for some time and see that delivery pressure remains
constant. Note down the observation Table.
6. Now closed the delivery valve and let pressure rise to about
3.5kg/cm2 open the delivery valve and adjust delivery valve to a
pressure of 3kg/cm2
7. Noted down all the observation
8. Repeated the some procedure for delivery pressure.
OBSERVATION TABLE
Description 1 2
Speed (rpm) 2850 2850
Delivery pressure kg/cm2 2 3
After compressor Temp. T2 77 83
Before compressor Temp. T1 31 30
Atmospheric Temp.T3 30 30
Manometer differ .(h2-h1) cm 13- 12.6-
9.7=3.3cm 9.5=3.1cm
Time t 14 sec 14 sec
For energy meter revolution
g = Gravitational acceleration
= 9.81 m/sec2
ℎ𝑤 𝜌𝑤
ha = ( − 1)
100 𝜌𝑎
Calculations:-
Air flow:- manometer difference mw
= meters of water
𝑃
Density of air 𝜌𝑎 =
𝑅𝑇
=1.17 kg/m3
ℎ𝑤 𝜌𝑤
ℎ𝑎 = ( − 1)
100 𝜌𝑎
=1.041×105 N/m2
V1 = Rate of volume in m3 /sec
Work input to motor (Win)
Let time required for 10 revolutions of energy meter be
‘t’ sec. and taking motor efficiency as 75%, then motor input-
3600×10×1000×0.75
Win = Watts
𝑡×𝐸𝑀𝐶
=(Wiso/Win)×100 %
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS-
ℎ𝑤 𝜌𝑤
ha = ( − 1)
100 𝜌𝑎
hw = manometer difference
= 12.6 - 9.5 = 3.1 cm
𝜌𝑤 = Density of water 1000 kg/𝑚3
𝜌𝑎 =Density of air= 1.16 Kg/𝑚3
ℎ𝑤 𝜌𝑤
So, ℎ𝑎 = ( − 1)
100 𝜌𝑎
3.1 1000
= [ − 1]
100 1.16
3.1 1000−1.16
= [ ] = 26.7
100 1.16
Where as ,
𝐶𝑑 = co-efficient of discharge of air = 0.64
a = Cross-section area of orifice = 0.00017 m3
𝜋 15
a = d2 = 0.7854 × ( )2
4 1000
= 0.00017 m2
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/sec2
ℎ𝑎 = Air head
So, 𝑉1 = 𝐶𝑑 × 𝑎 × √2𝑔ℎ
= 0.011 m3
FAD×100
Volumetric Efficiency=
SWEPT VOLUME
0.0029×100
= = 26.36%
0.011
= 101325×0.0025× Loge3.9
= 344.75
Work input to motor (Win)
Let, time required for 10 revolutions of energy meter be ‘t’
sec and taking motor efficiency as 75%,then motor input--
3600×10
Win= ×1000×0.75 watts
𝑡×𝐸𝑀𝐶
Isothermal efficiency
Isothermal workdone
Ƞiso=
Work input
= (Wiso / Win)×100%
3600×10
Win= ×1000× 0.75 watts
𝑡×𝐸𝑀𝐶
3600×10
Win = ×1000×0.75 = 602 watts
14×3200
Isothermal efficiency,
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
Ƞiso=
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
=( Wiso/ win)×100%
344.75
= ×100 =57.26%
602