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Amit Mehrotra
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Outline
• Existing approaches
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Traditional Noise Analysis
Non-oscillatory circuits
Oscillator circuit
For oscillators
ẋ = f (x) + b(t)
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Perturbed Oscillator Output:
Phase Plane View
x2
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Key Idea of Our Approach
x2
z(t)
xs (t)
y(t)
x1
z(t)
xs (t + α(t))
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Phase Error α
α
dα
= v T (t + α(t))ξ(t)
dt
106
New Analysis
10 4 Linear Analysis
102
100
Noise PSD
10−2
10−4
10−6
10−8
10−10
10−12 −2
10 10−1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Offset Angular Frequency (radian/sec)
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Results
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Effect of Input Signal Phase
Noise
• Circuit equations
ẋ = f (x) + b(t + αin(t)) + D(x)ξp(t)
√
where αin(t) = cinB(t)
16
14
12
10
Increase in NF (dB)
0
−20 −19 −18 −17 −16 −15 −14 −13
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
c (sec2Hz) ➤
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Extension to Circuits with
Multi-Tone Excitations
• circuit driven by two (or more) large periodic signals
35
30
25
NF (dB)
20
15
10
5
1e−14
1e−15
1e−14
1e−16 1e−15
1e−17 1e−16
1e−18 1e−17
1e−18
1e−19 1e−19
c2 (sec2Hz) 1e−20 1e−20
c1 (sec2Hz)
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Noise Analysis of Phase
Feedback Systems: PLL
β(t) = αin (t) − αvco (t)
Vin γ(t)
PD LPF VCO Vout
• overall
d β(t) β(t)
γ(t) = −A γ(t) + Dξp+q+1(t)
dt ... ...
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PLL Noise Analysis Results
(contd.)
• spectrum
∞ ∞ n
2XiXi∗ exp −ω02i2
X X X
Sxs,xs (ω) = (µl + νl )
i=−∞ k1,...,kn=0 l=1
hQ
n 2 2 kl i 1 2 2 Pn
l=1 i ω0 (µl + νl ) 2 ω0 i cin + l=1 kl λl
2
Qn 1 2 n
2c + 2
P
l=1 kl ! ω
2 0 i in l=1 k l λl + (ω + iω 0 )
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PLL Output Spectrum
−50
PLL VCO
VCO Open Loop
−60 VCO Noise Only
−70
PSD (dBc/Hz)
−80
−90
−100
−110
−120
0 2 4 6 8 10
Offset Frequency (Hz) 5
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