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D I G I TA L P R O F I L E M E A S U R I N G
by
GREENWOOD ENGINEERING A/S
Capacity Quality
Punctuality
Travelling Comfort
Frequency
Costs
Why MiniProf BT
Area of use
The MiniProf BT system is an excellent full contact measurement system with Bluetooth connection for fast, reliable
and extremely high quality profile measurements. Combined with a user-friendly and flexible software package which
can easily be configured from basic use to in-depth post measurement analysis, MiniProf BT can be used for numerous
purposes on all types of wheel, rail and brake profiles. It enables the user to make critical decisions in purchase,
maintenance, quality and safety departments etc. and represents a great platform for research and development all
over the world.
Procurement
Safety regulation • On-site field/workshop incoming inspection
• Inspection check if assets are within regulation • Lifetime/performance monitoring – forecast planning
• Accident and derailment investigation • Compare quality from different suppliers
• Analysis and documentation of work
Maintenance
• On-site field/workshop conformity, limit inspection &
Quality control documentation
• Verify accuracy of on-site/build-in laser-based gauges
Management • Rail grinding, profile check before/after
• Verify accuracy of wheel lathes and rail grinding machines • Life cycle wear monitoring • Wheel re-profiling, profile check before/after milling
• Verify accuracy of handheld laser-based gauges • Trend forecast, planning of on-time maintenance intervals
• Life expectancy / improvements / replacements
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Measuring principles
Measuring principles
MiniProf BT is based on secure full-contact measurements and has a knife-shaped full contact point directly to the
surface of a given profile. The magnetic full contact point minimizes influences from oil, lubrication, dirt and other
substances on the profile as it “cuts” through the layers. It ensures constant contact to the actual profile during the
complete measuring process and minimizes operator influence.
The accuracy of a MiniProf BT system is very consistent due to the unique measuring principle with a small magnetic
measuring wheel and two rotating optical high resolution encoders which ensure that the measurement is performed
perpendicular to the surface of the entire profile.
Due to the unique combination of full contact measurements, consistency and outstanding high-resolution optical
encoders, MiniProf BT provides the highest accuracy available on the world market today. 20-30.000 collected individual
points in one single profile measurement generate outstanding raw material resulting in excellent profile measurements
with extremely high accuracies.
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Full contact vs. non-contact
White frost
Full contact by
Non contact
Objects on surface Reflective surface
Actual profile
5
Features
Optical encoders
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Ti
Titanium
47.867
[Ar]3d24s2
6.8281
Profile Magnetic wheel
6
Features
7
Infrastructure
BT
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Infrastructure
Rail analysis & grinding Perpendicular device Suitable for grooved rail
The MiniProf Envision software can visualize and MiniProf BT Rail is delivered with a small built-in MiniProf BT Rail can be used on grooved rails. The full
calculate residuals and areas automatically and provides perpendicular device. It ensures correct alignment of contact magnetic measuring wheel ensures that the
a functionality which is often used for rail grinding the MiniProf BT system to the rail and prevents faulty measurement is taken all the way down to the groove.
analysis. Measurements can be compared in multiple diagonal measurements. Based on a reference, both the horizontal wear and the
ways and easily exported to various formats. MiniProf side wear are calculated.
Envision offers you a powerful rail analysis tool as well as
user friendly measuring software.
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Rolling stock
BT
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Rolling stock
BT
Flange Taperline
diameter diameter
Accuracy
Better than: ±9 µm
Measuring scheme Repeatability: ±2.5 µm
Diameter measurements When measuring multiple profiles, the MiniProf BT Measuring speed
The MiniProf Wheel instrument is attached
BT measuring scheme is a very strong tool for clear Speed: < 5 seconds
magnetically to the backside of the wheel and calculates identification of each profile in advance and for
Weight
the flange diameter and the taperline diameter in one simplifying and reducing the measuring process even
Unit: 0,9 kg
single measurement. further.
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Rolling stock
BT
The MiniProf BT Brake is an excellent tool for measuring Wheel mounted
the important wear parameters of any brake disc. The wheel mounted MiniProf BT Brake instrument is
MiniProf Brake provides instant calculations of the
BT
attached magnetically to the vertical part of the wheel,
brake hollowing and brake thickness. The MiniProf either on the backside of the flange or on the outer side
Envision software can visualize and calculate residuals of the rim. This part of the wheel is used as a reference
and areas automatically. Measurements can be compared for the measurement.
in multiple ways and easily exported to various formats.
MiniProf Envision offers you a powerful brake analysis
tool as well as user friendly measuring software.
Axle mounted
The axle mounted MiniProf BT Brake instrument is
Accuracy Measuring speed mounted on the outer diameter of the brake disc and is
Better than: ±11 µm Speed: < 5 seconds attached using magnetic rollers. These also align with
Repeatability: ±2.5 µm the wear marker on the disc which act as reference
Diameter: ±0.09 mm Weight
points for the measurement.
Unit: 0,9 kg
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Scope of delivery
Scope of
delivery
All MiniProf BT variations are delivered in a ready-to-go
transport case special designed and configured for
safe storage and transportation of the measuring tool
and accessories. The transport cases offer the ultimate
grade of protection of any MiniProf system as they are
extremely impact resistant, water proof and impervious
to dust. They are lightweight and come in a variety of
sizes and configurations depending on the specification
of the MiniProf BT system and requested accessories.
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Software
MiniProf
Envision
Complete data analysis toolbox
MiniProf BT is supplied with a full software package usable for all variations of our MiniProf BT instruments. It is highly
flexible and customizable to the individual customer requirements and can be used to perform measurements as well
as in-depth post measurement analysis. The software package includes measurement schemes, trending and a lot of
other analysing possibilities.
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Software
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Calculations
Calculates the tangent angle, measured Calculates the vertical distance (D) to a This function will calculate the vertical Calculates the maximum, minimum Calculates the maximum gauge angle (A) This function calculates a number of
in degrees, at each point of the selected measured profile at each point of the (W1), horizontal (W2) and 45° (W3) wear. and average residual between the and position (Y) for the selected profile. geometrical features for a grooved rail
profile. The angles for a reference profile eference profile. The calculation assumes The wear is calculated as the difference reference profile and the measured The calculation determines the angles profile: Groove width (W), groove height
are calculated and displayed along with that the points in the measured profile between a measured profile and a profile in a given area. This area is defined either as the tangent angle in each point, (H), crown radius (RC) and radiuses for
the angles of the measured profile if a can be connected with straight lines. reference profile. independently for wheel, rail and brake as the angle between two points on each the different parts of the groove (R1, R2,
reference is selected. profiles as illustrated below. side or as the average of the tangent R3 and R4).
angles in a certain area (D).
Curvature Horizontal residuals Rail crown radius Railhead angle Rail height Grooved rail wear
Calculates the curvature in every point Calculates the horizontal distance (D) to The rail crown radius (R) is calculated as Calculates the angle of the rail head (A) Calculates the remaining height of the rail This function will calculate the vertical
of a profile by fitting a 2nd degree a measured profile at each point of the the radius of the circle that gives the best for the selected profile. head (H) for the selected profile. (W1) and horizontal (W2, W4) wear for
polynomial to a small part arround each reference profile. The calculation assumes fit at the top of the rail head in an area a grooved rail. The wear is found as the
point. If a reference profile is available, that the points in the measured profile determined by the distance parameter distance between the measurement and
the curvature will also be calculated can be connected with straight lines. (Dist). the reference.
for this and the result displayed as
a reference for the curvature of the
measurement.
Residuals Rail head width Rail gauge angle Align rail Align rail centered
Calculates the distance (D) to a measured The rail head width (W) is the distance Calculates the gauge angle (A) at a given Aligns a measured rail profile against Aligns a measured rail profile against
profile perpendicular to a reference from the field side of the rail head to the point defined from the top of the railhead a reference by using the field side face a reference by using both sides of the
profile at each point of the reference gauge side measured at L millimeters (L). The angle is determined either from and the lower corner. The alignment profiles and the top point. This alignment
profile. The calculation assumes that the from the highest point of the rail profile. the tangent in the point, the angle can optionally use the gauge side face is particularly useful for aligning
points in the measured profile can be Setting the L parameter to 0 makes the between two points on each side or as if desired. measurements of new rails for quality
connected with straight lines. calculation return the largest width. the average of the tangent angels in a control.
certain area (D).
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Calculations
Aligns a measured rail profile against a Aligns a measured rail profile against a Aligns a grooved rail measurement using Calculates the flange thickness (Sd), Calculates the width of the flange (W) for Calculates the flange back wear (W) for
reference by moving the measurement so reference according to the CEN grinding the bottom parts of the groove, either flange height (Sh) and the flange gradient a wheel profile at a specific distance (L) the selected profile.
it intersects the reference at the top and standard for the high rail in curves. No gauge part or check part. (qR) for a wheel profile. from the top of the flange.
in a point on the gauge side. No rotation rotation is performed on the measured
is performed on the measured profile. profile.
Align rail on wear Align rail on top Wheel flange radius Wheel flange width (Tram) Wheel flange back wear (Tram)
Aligns a measured rail profile against Aligns a measured rail profile so the Calculates the radius of the wheel flange Calculates the width of the flange (D) for Calculates the flange back wear (D) for
a reference by minimizing the wear profile intersects the horizontal axis at (R) for a wheel profile. a wheel profile. the selected profile.
parameters W1 and W3. No rotation is the top point. This alignment only moves
performed on the measured profile. the profile in the vertical direction. No
rotation is performed.
Align rail for grinding (Low) Align grooved rail Wheel flange angle maximum Wheel flange crown thickness Wheel flange angle
Aligns a measured rail profile against a Aligns a measured grooved rail profile Calculates the maximum flange angle (A) Calculates the thickness of the flange Calculates the angle of the flange (A) for a
reference according to the CEN grinding against a reference using a point on and the position (X) for a wheel profile. crown (D) for the selected profile. wheel profile.
standard for tangent track and the low the inner side of the check part and the
rail in curves. No rotation is performed on bottom of the groove.
the measured profile.
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Calculations
Calculates the maximum, minimum Calculates the taperline angle (A) using Calculates the maximum wheel hollowing Calculates the maximum thread wear Calculates a number of wheel dimensions Aligns a measured wheel profile on a
and average residual between the the average for a distance (L2, L3) around (H) and position (X) for a wheel profile. (W) and position (X) between the and gauge values given two measured given taperline. This alignment only
reference profile and the measured the taperline (L1) for a wheel profile. measurement and the reference in an wheel profiles. moves the profile in the vertical direction
profile in a given area. This area is defined area set from the flange backside (L1) to (dy). No rotation is performed.
independently for wheel, rail and brake the outer thread (L2).
profiles as illustrated below.
Wheel flange root radius Wheel wear difference Wheel hollowing maximum Wheel volume loss Align wheel Align wheel on flange back
Calculates the wheel flange root radius Calculates the difference between the Calculates the highest wheel hollowing Calculates the volume between the Aligns a measured wheel profile to the Aligns a measured wheel profile to the
(R) at a given point defined from the wheel wear on a measured profile and a (H) and position (X) for the selected measurement and a reference. This is reference profile at the top of the flange. reference profile at the flange back. No
taperline (L1). The radius is determined reference profile. profile. done using either the measured diameter This alignment only moves the profile in rotation is performed.
from the curvature of a 2nd order (if available) or the diameter entered as a the vertical direction (dy). No rotation is
polynomial fitted to a specified area (D). parameter for the calculation. performed.
Wheel flange root radius minimum Wheel thread wear Wheel diameter difference Wheel diameter from tyre Align wheel on flange top Align wheel on outer thread
Calculates the minimum flange root Calculates the thread wear (w) as the Calculates the difference between the Determines the wheel diameter using the Aligns a measured wheel profile to the Aligns a measured wheel profile to the
radius (R) and position (X) for the selected distance between the measurement and diameters on wheels in a bogie. inner diameter and a field containing the reference profile at the top of the flange. reference profile on the outer thread. This
profile. The calculation determines the the reference at a given point (L) defined tyre height, measured seperately. This alignment only moves the profile alignment only moves the profile. No
radius using the precalculated curvature from the backside of the flange. in the vertical direction. No rotation is rotation is performed.
values. performed.
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Calculations
Aligns a measured wheel profile using Calculates the brake-disc hollowing (W) Calculates the maximum, minimum Aligns a measured brake profile against
the diameter information stored with and the remaining thickness (T). and average residual between the the reference by stretching the measured
the profile. reference profile and the measured profile vertically so the height of the
profile in a given area. This area is defined measurement (Hm) matches the height
independently for wheel, rail and brake of the reference (Hr).
profiles as illustrated below.
Align wheel on tyre Brake wear (No reference) Brake volume loss
Aligns a measured wheel profile using the Calculates the brake-disc wear (W) and Calculates the volume between the
tyre height information if present. the remaining thickness (T). measurement and a reference. This is
done using either the measured diameter
(if available) or the diameter entered as a
parameter for the calculation.
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References
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References
Hungary Daiichi Kensetsu Industries Movares South Korea Speno International S.A. Nottingham Tram New Jersey Transit
East Japan Railway Company Nedtrain Consulting Stadler Switzerland NTL World New York City Transit
Alstom Construction Authority
Hankyu Hanshin Railway Technology RET Travys Transports NXEC Trains Ltd. Norfolk Southern Corp.
Bombardier KMI
Hanshin Electric Railway, Ltd. Techno Service Nederland Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich Portec Rail North Shore Mining
Siemens Korail
Hitachi Tiba Rail and Road RailMeasurements Ltd. NYCTA-MOW
Stadler Bussnang Korea High Speed Rail Taiwan
JFE Voith Railtrack PATH
Stvan Szechenyi University KRRI
JR Hokkaido Kaohsiung Rapid Transit Corporation Schweerbau (UK) Ltd. Port Authority of Allegheny County
New Zealand KTX
India JR Kyushuy (KRTC) Serco Docklands Ltd. Rail Sciences Inc.
MLTM
Kawasaki Heavy Industries John Holland Rail Ming Yu Machinery Co. Ltd. Serco Railtest Ltd. Railroad Friction Products Corp. (Wabco)
Bangalore Metro Rail Rotem
Keihan Electric Railway Co. Ltd. OnTrack San Lien Technology Corp. Siemens Resco
Bhilai Steel Plant Samsung
Kobe City SGS Taiwan Ltd. South Eastern Rails Ltd. Saint Gobain
BSP Norway Seoul Metro
Kobe Electric Railway Taiwan Railway Administration South Eastern Trains Ltd. Santa Clara Valley Transportation
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. Korimoto Ltd. South West Trains Siemens Sacramentos
BIS Production Spain THRSC
Indian Railway Kotsu Transport Construction SPT Underground Railway Siemens Transportation Systems Inc.
Jernbaneverket Ofotbanen
Northern Railway Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau Adif Thailand Tata Steel Rail Simmons Machine Tools Corp.
Mantena
RDSO Nabtesco Alstom TMD Friction Ltd. Steel Dynamics
NSB Siemens
Rotem Hyundai Nihon Senro Gi jyutsu Arcelormittal Tube Lines Ltd. The Burlington Nothern and Santa Fe
Oslo Sporveier
Sheram Industries Nippon Kikai Hosen K.K. AVE Turkey West Coast Traincare Railway
UN Development Nippon Speno Peru Bombardier The Modern Continental Construction Co.
Btren Burulas United States of America
Nippon Steel Corporation Yawata Works TTCI
Iran GYM Ferrovias CAF Istanbul Ulasim A.S.
NKK Trading ABC NACO TTX
OHD Cetest Turkish State Railways
Farvardin Chemie Co. Ltd. Nogoya American Steel Foundries Union Pacific Railroad Company
Iranian Islamic Republic Railways Osaka City E.H. Utah Transit Authorities
Poland United Kingdom Amsted Rail
Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau EUSKO TREN VAE Nortrak North America, Inc.
Amtrak
Ireland SPAW-TOR ICER Brakes S.A. 4-Rail Services
Rail Tech Anchor Brake Valley Transportation Authority
Nertus Adtranz
Alstom Ireland Ltd. Railway Technical Research Institute Portugal AAR Veolia Transportation
Siemens AEA Technology Rail
Iarnród Éireann Sumitomo Metal ASF Keystone Wabtec
Caminfos de Ferro Sintersa Alstom Train Services
Irish Rail Tokyo Electric Railway BART WMATA
Metropolitano de Lisboa Talgo Babcock International
Tokyo Metro BC-Rail
Israel REFER Talleres de Metro Bilbao Bakerail Venezuela
Tokyo Metropolian Government Bethlehem Steel Corporation
TMB Balfour Beatty Rail
Citadis Alstom Toshiba Transport BNSF Caracas Metro
Puerto Rico Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Becorit
Totetsu Kogyo City of Charlotte
Italy ACI Puerto Rico University of Vasc Country Bombardier Prorail Ltd.
TTL Delta Manufacturing
Visiona Bombardier Transportation UK
AAE Ueda Brake Ltd. Harsco Rail
Romania Vossloh Carillion Rail
Alstom West Japan Railway Company LB Forster
Collinson Dutton Ltd.
Ansaldo Breda Yamato Trackwork S.C. Alstom Transport S.A. National Transportation Safety Board
Sweden Comech
ATM Milano Yokohama Municipal Transportation Spectromas SRL Woojin America
Banverket Corus (Monks & Crane)
BaMaCom Bureau TTI Railroad
Russia Bombardier Transportation Sweden AB Corus Rail
Bombardier Toronto Transit Commission
Malaysia Göteborg Spårvëger DeltaRail
BTW Russian Railways, RZD Bombardier Transit Corp.
Inexa Profiles Docklands Light Railway Ltd.
Commel Rapid Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc.
Saudi Arabia Infranord DRS
Ferrotramviaria Spa Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan SDN BHD British Columbia Rapid
Interfleet East Coast Main
Ferrovie Emilia Romagna Star Point Etihad Rail Capital Metro
Luleå University of Technology Edmundson
Ferrovie Nord Milano City of Edmonton
Mauritania MTAB Eurostar
FS Serbia CSX Railroad
Semnon Eurotunnel
GTT Turin SNIM, Société Nationale Industrielle & GSP Belgrade Dart
SJ Göteborg EWS
Lenord SRL Minière ENSCO Inc.
SJ Maskindivision Federal Mogul
Lucchini Plant Singapore Evraz NA
SL Bansystem AB First Scot Rail
Mecno Service Mexico FRA
E&O Services (Singapore) Ltd. Spark Trade Harsco Rail
Metrobus Brescia Ferromex SBS Transit GE Transportation Systems
Stadspartner Heathrow Express
Metro Napoli Singapore MRT Ltd General Motors Corp.
Stockholms Spårväger Infraco BCV Ltd.
Metropolitana Roma Morocco Go Transit
SweMaint Instronix
Metro Roma Slovakia Griffin Wheel Company
Alstom Trafikverket Interfleet Technology
RFI Hampton Road Transit
Zilina University Knorr-bremse Rail Systems
SAD Trasporto Locale Netherlands Herzog Transit
Switzerland LB Forster,UK.
Sangritana South Africa Houston Metro
AEA Technology Rail BV London Tramlink
Trambus SPA Basler Verkehrsbetrieve Long Island Railroad
Arriva Bombardier London Underground Ltd.
Trenitalia SpA BLS AG Loram Maintenance of Way, Inc.
BAM Rail Cape Metrorail Lucchini UK Ltd.
Trentino Bombardier Zürich LTK Engineering Services
Connexion LRS Lennings Rail Services Manchester Metropolitan University
Furka Oberalp Bahn Massachusetts Bay Commuter Railroad
GVB Amsterdam Metro Rail CT MerseyRail
Japan Matisa Massachusetts Bay Transportation
GVB Amsterdam ændres til GVB OREX Metronet Rail BCV
Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn Authority
Akebono Brake Industry Holland Railconsult PRASA MRCL
Metro Lausanne Metro-North Railroad
BTTMG HTM Spoornet Network Rail
Regionalverkehr Mittelland MTA
Central Japan Railway Lloyd’s Register Rail Europe BV Transnet Newcastle University
SBB CFF FFS National Castings
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World of MiniProf
World of MiniProf
The MiniProf systems are used globally in various combinations by thousands of users, and are distributed and supported locally by a vast
agent network covering more than 50 countries. A complete list of MiniProf agents and users can be found on www.miniprof.dk.
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Company
With almost 25 years of international experience, a representative office in China and local agents in more than
50 countries, Greenwood Engineering is the leading manufacturer of highly specialised measuring equipment for
monitoring and condition surveys in the global road and railway sector.
The wide product range spreads from the handheld and lightweight MiniProf BT units for measuring and analysing the
cross sectional profile of train wheels, rails and brakes to the big-size Traffic SpeedDeflectometers (TSD) for network
level bearing capacity measurements on roads while driving at normal traffic speed.
Since the establishment of Greenwood Engineering in 1992 by Leif Grønskov, the basic premise for all marketed
products has been an uncompromising high technological level, a wish to be at the frontier in the business and to
present top of the range solutions operating with the least disturbance to environment and traffic and with the highest
safety to the user of the equipment.
Head office - Brøndby, Copenhagen, Denmark
With thousands of various measuring systems distributed and used all over the world, Greenwood Engineering has a
strong position on the market with continuous focus on maintaining a close relation to the customers and developing
the products in an on going process to keep and always strive to reach an even higher technological level.
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Head Office
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Denmark
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Greenwood Engineering A/S
H. J. Holst Vej 3-5C
DK-2605 Brøndby
Denmark