Force, Motion and Energy

Force
-Strength or energy as an attribute of a physical movement or action.
-Coercion or compulsion, especially with the use or threat of violence.
-In physics, push and pull is referred to as force.
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
-an object may be acted upon by several forces. For example, an object may be pushed and
pulled in different directions at the same time. To identify which of this forces would be able
to cause change in the motion of the object, it is important to identify all the forces acting on
it. To accurately describe the forces acting on an object, It is important to be familiar first
with the following terms: magnitude, direction, point of application, and line of action. Forces
are described in terms of these properties. Magnitude refers to the size or strength of the
force. It is commonly expressed in Newton (N).
Example & Meaning of the other terms: https://www.slideshare.net/nicogranada31/k-to-12-grade-
8-science-learner-module?from_action=save-page.4-9

How to combine forces: https://www.slideshare.net/nicogranada31/k-to-12-grade-8-science-learner-

module?from_action=save- page. 9-10

Motion
-The action or process of moving or being moved.
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion:
-The principles behind Newton’s laws of motion are very significant in understanding the
motion of objects in our universe. Their applications are all around us. Understanding these
laws therefore helps us understand why the things around us move or behave the way they
do.
1. Newton’s First law of Law: Law of Inertia
-If the forces acting on an object at rest are balanced or if their algebraic sum equate to
zero, the object stays at rest. This illustrates Newton’s First Law of Motion, a principle that
was primarily based on the works of Galileo.
-Inertia: In physics, this is a property of an object to resist any change in its state of motion.
Measure of Inertia:
-All the objects have the tendency to resist changes in their state of motion or keep doing
what they are doing. However, changing a body’s state of motion depends on its inertia. A
more massive object which has more inertia is more difficult to move from rest, slow down,
speed up, or change its direction.
Newton’s first law states that an object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will
stay in motion and travel in straight line, as long as no external net force acts on it. The
object will change its state of motion only if there is unbalanced or net force acting upon it.
Law of Inertia:
-A body will remain at rest or move at constant velocity unless acted upon by an external
net or unbalanced force.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration
-When the velocity of a moving body changes, we describe the motion as one with
acceleration.
How to compute velocity: https://www.slideshare.net/nicogranada31/k-to-12-grade-8-science-
learner-module?from_action=save-page.14
-If the net force acting on an object is constant, its velocity changes at a constant rate over
time. Hence, it is considered to be moving with constant acceleration. For example if its
indicated by the uniform increase in length of the strips over time. But if the force acting on
the object is changed, its acceleration will also change. When the net force is doubled,
acceleration is also doubled. When it is tripled, acceleration is also tripled. We can therefore
say that at constant mass, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the unbalanced force F acting on it. This relationship can be mathematically
expressed as:
a= kF where k= mass
Acceleration also varies with the mass of the object. As the mass of the object increases,
with the same amount of force applied, its acceleration decreases. This relationship can also
be expressed as:
a= k (1/m) where k= net force
If you combine these two relationships, you would come up with this relationship:
Law of acceleration
-The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force
acting on it is inversely proportional to its mass.