Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
.
1 GENERAL
2 COMBINATIONS
BD 61/10 § 2.7 Both ULS and SLS checks need to be carried out.
BD 61/10 § 2.8+2.9 ULS Fatigue (FAT) when necessary should be checked to BS5400/10 as modified by BD9/81.
3 LOADING
3.1 EQUATIONS
The assessment load effects 𝑆∗𝐴 are must be obtained by the relation:
FURTHER INFORMATION
Check BD 61/10 § 2.5 and §4.1.3 for lower 𝛾𝑓3 if required
FURTHER INFORMATION
BD21/01 § Table 3.2 essentially contains some of the partial factors given in BD44/15
and BD56/10 for ULS conditions only. So taking the factors for the two latter standards Commented [SS1]: Probably it is worth creating at
leads to compliance with BD21/01 as well. some point a manual referring to worst credible strengths
If worst credible strength is used then the following clauses, among others, should be referring to:
taken into account: 1) Code requirements
o BD61/10 § 4.1.1A 2) Specification for site works
3) [provisionally]
Workflow Steel Concrete Composite Bridge Assessment to BD 61/10 PAGE 2
o BD61/10 § 4.2.1
o BD56/10 § 4.3.3
o BD44/15 § 2.10
o BD44/15 § 4.3.3
1.8
+ }
𝐿
( + 5)
𝑟
4 MATERIALS
4.1 STEEL
4.2 CONCRETE
Workflow Steel Concrete Composite Bridge Assessment to BD 61/10 PAGE 3
4.2.1.3 INTERMEDIATE
BD44/15 § 4.3.2.1 BD44/15 states “To determine the effects of imposed deformations, for the calculation of
deflections and to determine crack widths and stresses due to the effects of long and short term
loading and imposed deformations, an appropriate intermediate value between the two above
may be used.”
Possibly applying each type of load using the appropriate properties of concrete and then
superimposing the results should be adequate for Linear Elastic anaylsis.
5.1 ANALYSIS
BD 56/10 § 5.1.1.2 In continuous beams, the distributions of bending moments and vertical shear forces must be
calculated assuming the appropriate steel member acts compositely with a concrete flange.
For b/l values less than 0.05, a ψ value of 1.0 may be assumed
For cracked flanges the ψ ratio should be taken as (2ψ+1)/3
Only reinforcement within the effective breadth of the concrete slab must be assumed to be
effective in analysing cross sections. The effective area of longitudinal reinforcement must be
taken as∑ 𝐴𝑟 (cos 𝑎1 )4 Σ(Ar cos4 α1), where α1 is the angle between the bars and the web of
the steel beam.
The steel stress of the tension flange under the SLS combination should not exceed:
𝜎𝑦𝑡
𝛾𝑚 ∙ 𝛾𝑓3
Workflow Steel Concrete Composite Bridge Assessment to BD 61/10 PAGE 4
BS5400-3:2000 § 6.2 The appropriate nominal yield stress for the thickness of the top flange is chosen either from
one of the following standards if relevant:
The steel stress of the compression flange under the SLS combination should not exceed:
𝜎𝑦𝑐
𝛾𝑚 ∙ 𝛾𝑓3
For the calculation of the nominal yield stress of the compression flange the σyt as calculated
before should be checked against the following:
BS 5400-3:2000 § 9.3.2.1
bfo
2
BS 5400-3:2000 § 9.3.2.1 𝑏𝑓𝑜 355 51120∙𝑡𝑓𝑜
≤ 12√ ⟹ 𝜎𝑦 ≤ 2 (MPa)
𝑡𝑓𝑜 𝜎𝑦 𝑏𝑓𝑜
The requirements of BS 5400-3:2000 § 9.3.4 are relevant for closed steel-concrete composite
girder bridges.
The requirements of BS 5400-3:2000 § 9.3.6 is referring to hollow sections and therefore is not
relevant to usual composite bridges.
To my knowledge there is not any stress limitation given in BD44/15 for normally reinforced
(non-prestressed) concrete slabs.
The stress of the concrete slab reinforcement under the SLS combination should not exceed:
Workflow Steel Concrete Composite Bridge Assessment to BD 61/10 PAGE 5
𝑓𝑟𝑦
0.80
𝛾𝑚𝑟 ∙ 𝛾𝑓3
BD61/10 § 4.3.1A(c) However when the headroom below is insufficient the deflection may exacerbate the
difficulties.
The crack width should be calculated to BD44/15 § 5.8.8.2 as modified by BD61/10 § 5.2.6.3