Digital Protection of Synchronous Generator Advised by:

Rawda Al-Ali 49610 Sultan AlAwadhi 48035 Abdulla AlRomaithi 48326 Khalifa AlSenaani 49653 Dr. Ahmed Osman

Situation Solutions Evaluation

Electricity is generated and is considered as an important
tool that is not wanted in humans life but needed. We need
a protection system for electrical components to detect
fault occurrence and isolate the faulted equipment to
minimize the damage and disruption of supplies[1].
For a good design of a protection system, we need five
basic aspects:
With the development of substation automation
technology entering the digital era, digital relay protection
system become inevitable. Thus it is necessary to have a
protection relaying system in order to protect the
synchronous generator and a solution will be to use
multifunctional digital relay[3]. This relay is a
microprocessor based unit relay that depends on digital
signal processing technology using dSPACE as shown
below:
We used Simulink as our main interface for designing the
different protection models. These models were our
protection algorithms and were designed to protect our
system against over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage
and phase unbalance conditions. The figures below
demonstrate the unbalance phase model:

Real Time dSPACE

System
PC
Synchronous Generators operate in large power system to
1: Five basic aspects
supply electricityFigure
continuously. Therefore, it requires Figure 2: D-space simple circuit
maintenance in its protection system, and the scheme of
protection is either mechanical relays or multifunctional To implement a multifunctional digital relay, we
relays that take into account the type of faults and connected the circuit design to obtain the voltages and
abnormal operating conditions. currents values. With the dSPACE, to transfer the analog
Figure 4: Unbalance Phase Model
data obtained into digital data to detect any abnormal
behavior and activates the protection contactors. The
implementation included various components as shown
below:
Parallel
coupled
Problems
Supply
An electrical generator requires protection for various Power Generator Motor R L
reasons, these reasons can be due to the electrical
generator being subjected to internal and external faults,
or either both types of faults can occur at the same time. Isolator

The disadvantages of the electro-mechanical relay is that: Distribution

C B A
BUS “A” Balanced condition the positive sequence current = 0.4A.
Figure 5: Operation
Unbalanced condition = 0.3A.of unbalanced phase
• The relay performs a single action towards the
encountered faults. Compare this value to 0.35A, and once we have an
• It operates as a single protection unit. Chopper/Inverter D-space
unbalanced system, the switch opens tripping the system.
• Converts the voltages and currents to magnetic and
electric forces to produce torques that presses against is a contactor
The bus switch Figure that operates whenPCfaults
spring tensions in the relay. The tension of the spring 3: Overall block system
occur. However, the bus switch cannot be connected
and taps on the electromagnetic coils in the relay are directly to the output of the dSPACE because of the DC
the main processes by which a user sets such a relay. value required by the switch. Therefore, we used a
References
[1] Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE), 2013 International Conference
Having these forces and contactors the relay operation on, Issue Date: 15-18 July 2013, Written by: Xia Tian; Qi-Wei Hu; Yong-Sheng Bai; Yan Tian
chopper inverter as intermediate phase. [2] Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE), 2013 International Conference
will be controlled and processed [2]. on, Issue Date: 15-18 July 2013, Written by: Xia Tian; Qi-Wei Hu; Yong-Sheng Bai; Yan Tian
[3] GENERATOR PROTECTION USING MULTIFUNCTION DIGITAL RELAYS, 1st ed. 2016.