Jawaban Soal Latihan UTS I Kimia Dasar II

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎 390

1. a. mol benzena = = = 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎 78
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑎 230
mol toluena = = = 2,5 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑎 92
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎 5
b. X benzena = = 5+2,5 = 0,667
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

X toluena = 1 – X benzena = 1 – 0,667 = 0,333

c. P camp = X benzena. Pobenzena + X toluena. Potoluena
= 0,667. 100,4 + 0,333. 38,7 = 79,83 kPa
𝑋 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎.𝑃 𝑜 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎 0,667.100,4
d. X benzena fasa uap = = = 0,838
𝑃 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝 79,83

X toluena fasa uap = 1 – X benzena fasa uap = 1 – 0,838 = 0,162

e. Fraksi pada fasa cair: ( X toluena = 1 – X benzena)
P camp = X benzena. Pobenzena + (1 - X benzena). Potoluena
85 = X benzena. 100,4 + (1 – X benzena). 38,7
X benzena = 0,75
X toluena = 0,25
Fraksi pada fasa uap:
𝑋 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎.𝑃 𝑜 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑎 0,75 .100,4
X benzena = = = 0,886
𝑃 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝 85

X toluena = 0,114
1000 𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 1000 10
2. a. ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑚. 𝐾𝑏 = . . 𝐾𝑏 = . 60 . 0,52 = 0,867℃
𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 100

𝑇𝑏 = 100 + 0,867 = 100,867℃

1000 𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 1000 10
b. ∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑚. 𝐾𝑓 = . . 𝐾𝑓 = . 60 . 1,86 = 3,1℃
𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 100

𝑇𝑓 = 0 − 3,1 = −3,1℃
c. massa larutan = 110 g, 𝜌 = 1 g/mL, maka volume larutan = 110 mL = 0,11 L
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎 10
mol urea = = 60 = 0,167 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑟 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 0,167
M=𝑉= = 1,515 𝑀
0,11

𝜋 = 𝑀. 𝑅. 𝑇 = 1,515. 0,082. 298 = 37,02 𝑎𝑡𝑚

d. ∆𝑇𝑏 = ∆𝑇𝑏 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎 + ∆𝑇𝑏 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
1000 5
= 0,867 + 𝑚. 𝐾𝑏. 𝑖 = 0,867 + . 142 . 0,52. (1 + (𝑛 − 1). 𝛼)
100
 1000 5
= 0,867 + . 142 . 0,52. (1 + (3 − 1). 1) = 1,416℃
100

𝑇𝑏 = 100 + 1,416 = 101,416℃

. ∆𝑇𝑓 = ∆𝑇𝑓 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎 + ∆𝑇𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
1000 5
= 3,1 + 𝑚. 𝐾𝑓. 𝑖 = 3,1 + . 142 . 1,86. (1 + (𝑛 − 1). 𝛼)
100
1000 5
= 3,1 + . 142 . 1,86. (1 + (3 − 1). 1) = 5,064℃
100

𝑇𝑓 = 0 − 5,064 = −5,064℃
massa larutan = 115 g, 𝜌 = 1 g/mL, maka volume larutan = 115 mL = 0,115 L
0,167
M urea =0,115 = 1,452 𝑀
5⁄
142
M Na2SO4 = = 0,306 𝑀
0,115

𝜋 = 𝑀 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎 . 𝑅. 𝑇 + 𝑀 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 . 𝑅. 𝑇. 𝑖

𝜋 = 1,452. 0,082. 298 + 0,306. 0,082. 298. 3 = 57,91 𝑎𝑡𝑚
3. ∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑚. 𝐾𝑓
1000 𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡
0,5 = . . 𝐾𝑓
𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡
1000 10
0,5 = . . 1,86
100 𝑀𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡
𝑀𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡 = 372 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
4. a. Dari percobaan 1 dan 2 diperoleh orde reaksi A:
𝑟1 𝑘.[𝐴] 𝑥 [𝐵] 𝑦
= 𝑘.[𝐴]1 𝑥 [𝐵]1 𝑦
𝑟2 2 2

1.10−4 𝑘.0,1𝑥 0,1𝑦

= 𝑘.0,3𝑥 0,1𝑦
9.10−4

x=2
Dari percobaan 1 dan 3 diperoleh orde reaksi B:
𝑟1 𝑘.[𝐴] 𝑥 [𝐵] 𝑦
= 𝑘.[𝐴]1 𝑥 [𝐵]1 𝑦
𝑟3 3 3

1.10−4 𝑘.0,12 0,1𝑦

= 𝑘.0,22 0,2𝑦
4.10−4

y=0
Orde reaksi total = 2 + 0 = 2
b. 𝑟 = 𝑘. [𝐴]2
c. Dari percobaan 1:
 1.10-4 = k. 0,12
k = 10-2
d. Hukum laju integral untuk reaksi orde 2 terhadap A :
1 1
[𝐴]𝑡
− [𝐴] = 𝑘. 𝑡
𝑜

1 1
[𝐴]𝑡
− 0,5 = 10−2 . 30

[𝐴]𝑡 = 0,435 𝑀
Dari persamaan reaksi diperoleh :
[𝐷]𝑡 = [𝐴]𝑜 − [𝐴]𝑡 = 0,5 − 0,435 = 0,065 𝑀
[𝐵]𝑡 = [𝐵]𝑜 − 2. [𝐷]𝑡 = 0,75 − 2. 0,065 = 0,62 𝑀

1⁄ 1 1
e. 𝑡 2 = 𝑘.[𝐴] = 10−2 .0,5 = 200 𝑠
𝑜

f. Persamaan Arrhenius:

𝑘 𝐸𝑎 1 1
𝑙𝑛 𝑘2 = − (𝑇 − 𝑇 )
1 𝑅 2 1

1,2.10−1 𝐸𝑎 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
3,5.10−3 8,314 500 298

𝐸𝑎 = 22.093 𝐽 = 22,093 𝑘𝐽

−𝐸𝑎
𝑘 = 𝐴. 𝑒 𝑅𝑇

−22.093
1,2. 10−1 = 𝐴. 𝑒 8,314.500

𝐴 = 24,49

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 50
5. mol nitramida awal = = 62 = 0,806 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑟
𝑃.𝑉 1. 6,59.10−3
mol N2O yang dihasilkan = 𝑅.𝑇 = = 0,279 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
0,082.288

mol nitramida sisa = 0,806 – 0,279 = 0,527 mmol

Hukum laju integral untuk reaksi orde 1:
𝐴𝑡
ln = −𝑘. 𝑡
𝐴𝑜
 0,527
ln = −𝑘. 70.60
0,806
k = 1,01. 10-4
ln 2 ln 2
𝑡1/2 = = = 6862,84 𝑠
𝑘 1,01. 10−4
6. a. 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) 2 NOBr(g)
b. NOBr2 berperan sebagai intermediet (zat antara)
𝑑[𝐵𝑟2 ]
c. = 𝑘. [𝑁𝑂]. [𝐵𝑟2 ]
𝑑𝑡

d. Tahap penentu laju adalah tahap 2

𝑑[𝐵𝑟2 ]
= 𝑘2 . [𝑁𝑂𝐵𝑟2 ]. [𝑁𝑂]
𝑑𝑡

Hubungan kesetimbangan tahap 1 :

𝑘1 . [𝑁𝑂]. [𝐵𝑟2 ] = 𝑘−1 . [𝑁𝑂𝐵𝑟2 ]
𝑘1
[𝑁𝑂𝐵𝑟2 ] = . [𝑁𝑂]. [𝐵𝑟2 ]
𝑘−1

Persamaan laju reaksinya menjadi:

𝑑[𝐵𝑟2 ] 𝑘
= 𝑘2 . 𝑘 1 . [𝑁𝑂]. [𝐵𝑟2 ][𝑁𝑂]
𝑑𝑡 −1

𝑑[𝐵𝑟2 ]
= 𝑘. [𝑁𝑂]2 . [𝐵𝑟2 ]
𝑑𝑡

7. a. 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐. (𝑅. 𝑇)∆𝑛

𝐾𝑝 = 2. 10−2 . (0,082. 298)2−1
𝐾𝑝 = 0,489
b. A C + D
M 0,5
R -x +x +x
S 0,5-x x x
[𝐶].[𝐷]
𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴]

𝑥2
2. 10−2 = 0,5−𝑥

Dengan menyelesaikan persamaan kuadrat di atas diperoleh x = 0,09, maka:

[A] setimbang = 0,5 – x = 0,41 M
[C] setimbang = [D] setimbang = x = 0,09 M
c. Reaksi kesetimbangan bergeser ke kiri.
 [D] awal = 0,09 + mol/volume = 0,09 + 0,01/2 = 0,095 M
C + D A
M 0,09 0,095 0,41
R -x -x +x
S 0,09-x 0,095-x 0,41+x
1 1
𝐾𝑐 ′ = 𝐾𝑐 = 0,02 = 50
[𝐴]
𝐾𝑐′ = [𝐶].[𝐷]
0,41+𝑥
50 = (0,09−𝑥).(0,095−𝑥)

Dengan menyelesaikan persamaan kuadrat di atas diperoleh x = 1,72. 10-3, maka:

[A] setimbang = 0,41+ 1,72. 10-3 = 0,41172 M
[C] setimbang = 0,09- 1,72. 10-3 = 0,08828 M
[D] setimbang = 0,095- 1,72. 10-3 = 0,09328 M
𝐾 ∆𝐻 1 1
d. ln 𝐾2 = − (𝑇 − 𝑇 )
1 𝑅 2 1

10 ∆𝐻 1 1
ln 0,02 = − 8,314 (373 − 298)

∆𝐻 = 77228 𝐽 = 77,228 𝑘𝐽 (endoterm)

e. Menaikkan suhu, menurunkan tekanan, dan memperbesar volume wadah.

8. a. HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Pasangan asam-basa konjugasi : HA dan A- ; H3O+ dan H2O

HB(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + B-(aq)

Pasangan asam-basa konjugasi : HB dan B- ; H3O+ dan H2O

H2C(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) +HC-(aq)

HC-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + C2-(aq)

Pasangan asam-basa konjugasi : H2C dan HC- ; H3O+ dan H2O ; HC- dan C2-

Spesi amfoter : HC-

b. HB(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + B-(aq)

[𝐻3 𝑂 + ].[𝐵− ]
𝐾𝑎 = [𝐻𝐵]
 H2C(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) +HC-(aq)
[𝐻3 𝑂 + ].[𝐻𝐶 − ]
𝐾𝑎1 = [𝐻2 𝐶]

HC-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + C2-(aq)

[𝐻3 𝑂 + ].[𝐶 2− ]
𝐾𝑎2 = [𝐻𝐶 − ]

𝐾𝑎 1,8.10−5
c. 𝛼 = √ 𝑀 = √ = 0,0134 = 1,34%
0,1

d. [𝐻 + ] = [𝐻 + ]𝐻𝐴 + [𝐻 + ]𝐻𝐵 = 𝑎. 𝑀𝐻𝐴 + √𝐾𝑎. 𝑀𝐻𝐵 = 1. 0,1 + √1,8. 10−5 . 0,1 = 0,10134 𝑀

10−14 10−14
[𝑂𝐻 − ] = = 0,10134 = 9,868. 10−14
[𝐻 + ]

pH = -log [H+] = 0,994

[A-] = [H+]HA = 0,1 M

[𝐻3 𝑂 + ].[𝐵− ]
𝐾𝑎𝐻𝐵 = [𝐻𝐵]

0,10134.[𝐵− ]
1,8. 10−5 =
0,1

[B-] = 1,776. 10-5 M

e. Volume NaOH = 0 mL:

[𝐻 + ] = 𝑎. 𝑀𝐻𝐴 = 1. 0,1 = 0,1 𝑀 ; pH = 1

Volume NaOH = 5 mL:

Mol HA = M.V = 0,1 . 10 = 1 mmol

Mol NaOH = M.V = 0,1. 5 = 0,5 mmol

HA + NaOH NaA + H2O

M 1 0,5

R -0,5 -0,5 +0,5 +0,5

S 0,5 - 0,5 0,5

0,5
[𝐻 + ] = 𝑎. 𝑀𝐻𝐴 = 1. = 0,033 𝑀 ; pH = 1,477
15
 Volume NaOH = 10 mL:

Mol NaOH = M.V = 0,1. 10 = 1 mmol

HA + NaOH NaA + H2O

M 1 1

R -1 -1 +1 +1

S - - 1 1

pH = 7

Volume NaOH = 15 mL:

Mol NaOH = M.V = 0,1. 15 = 1,5 mmol

HA + NaOH NaA + H2O

M 1 1,5

R -1 -1 +1 +1

S - 0,5 1 1
0,5
[𝑂𝐻 − ] = 𝑏. 𝑀𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 1. = 0,02 𝑀 ; pOH = 1,699 ; pH = 12,301
25

f. Volume NaOH = 0 mL:

[𝐻 + ] = √𝐾𝑎. 𝑀𝐻𝐵 = √1,8. 10−5 . 0,1 = 1,34. 10−3 𝑀 ; pH = 2,872

Volume NaOH = 5 mL:

Mol HB = M.V = 0,1 . 10 = 1 mmol

Mol NaOH = M.V = 0,1. 5 = 0,5 mmol

HB + NaOH NaB + H2O

M 1 0,5

R -0,5 -0,5 +0,5 +0,5

S 0,5 - 0,5 0,5

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐵 0,5
[𝐻 + ] = 𝐾𝑎. = 1,8. 10−5 . 0,5 = 1,8. 10−5 𝑀 ; pH = 4,745
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐵
 Volume NaOH = 10 mL:

Mol NaOH = M.V = 0,1. 10 = 1 mmol

HB + NaOH NaB + H2O

M 1 1

R -1 -1 +1 +1

S - - 1 1

𝐾𝑤 10−14 1
[𝑂𝐻 − ] = √ . [𝑁𝑎𝐵] = √1,8.10−5 . 20 = 5,27. 10−6 𝑀 ; pOH = 5,278 ; pH = 8,722
𝐾𝑎

Volume NaOH = 15 mL:

Mol NaOH = M.V = 0,1. 15 = 1,5 mmol

HB + NaOH NaB + H2O

M 1 1,5

R -1 -1 +1 +1

S - 0,5 1 1
0,5
[𝑂𝐻 − ] = 𝑏. 𝑀𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 1. = 0,02 𝑀 ; pOH = 1,699 ; pH = 12,301
25

9. a. H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) Ka1 = 7,5.10-3

H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HPO42-(aq) Ka2 = 6,2.10-8

HPO42-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + PO43-(aq) Ka3 = 4,8.10-13

b. Pasangan spesi fosfat yang digunakan adalah H2PO4- dan HPO42- karena nilai pKa2 paling
mendekati pH yang diinginkan.

[𝐻𝑃𝑂4 2− ]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎2 + log [𝐻 −
2 𝑃𝑂4 ]

[𝐻𝑃𝑂4 2− ]
7 = − log 6,2. 10−8 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [𝐻 −
2 𝑃𝑂4 ]

[𝐻𝑃𝑂4 2− ]
= 0,619
[𝐻2 𝑃𝑂4 − ]