ÜìêçÄã ÇõóàëãàíÖãúçéâ åÄíÖåÄíàäà à åÄíÖåÄíàóÖëäéâ îàáàäà, 2003, ÚÓÏ 43, ‹ 3, Ò.

453–466

ìÑä 519.634

óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü Çüáäéâ

çÖëÜàåÄÖåéâ ÜàÑäéëíà Ç äìÅàóÖëäéâ äÄÇÖêçÖ1)
© 2003 „. í. É. ÖÎËÁ‡Ó‚‡, é. å. åËβÍÓ‚‡
(125047 åÓÒÍ‚‡, åËÛÒÒ͇fl ÔÎ., 4‡, àÌ-Ú Ï‡ÚÂÏ. ÏÓ‰ÂÎË‚Ó‡ÌËfl êÄç)
e-mail: telizar@yahoo.com
èÓÒÚÛÔË· ‚ ‰‡ÍˆË˛ 22.02.02 „.
èÂÂ‡·ÓÚ‡ÌÌ˚È ‚‡ˇÌÚ 30.05.02 „.

àÁ·„‡˛ÚÒfl ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÏÓ‰ÂÎËÓ‚‡ÌËfl ÚÂıÏÂÌÓ„Ó Ú˜ÂÌËfl ‚flÁÍÓÈ ÌÂÒÊËχÂ-

ÏÓÈ ËÁÓÚÂÏ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË ‚ Í۷˘ÂÒÍÓÈ Í‡‚ÂÌÂ Ò ÔÓ‰‚ËÊÌÓÈ ‚ÂıÌÂÈ Í˚¯ÍÓÈ. Ç Í‡˜Â-
Òڂ χÚÂχÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÏÓ‰ÂÎË ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ÒËÒÚÂχ Í‚‡Á˄ˉÓ‰Ë̇Ï˘ÂÒÍËı Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ. ê‡Ò-
˜ÂÚ˚ ÔÓ‚Ó‰flÚÒfl ̇ ÏÌÓ„ÓÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÌÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ Ò ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌÌÓÈ Ô‡ÏflÚ¸˛.
èÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ ‡ÒÒχÚË‚‡ÂÚÒfl Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚È ‚‡ˇÌÚ ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇.
è˂‰ÂÌ˚ ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ ‰Îfl ˜ËÒÂÎ êÂÈÌÓθ‰Ò‡ 100 Ë 1000 ̇ ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË Ò„Û-
˘‡˛˘ËıÒfl ÒÂÚÓÍ. ÅË·Î. 21. îË„. 14. 퇷Î. 1.

ÇÇÖÑÖçàÖ
èÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚Ì˚Ï Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂÏ ÒÓ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ „ˉÓ‰Ë̇ÏËÍË fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ˜ËÒ-
ÎÂÌÌÓ ÏÓ‰ÂÎËÓ‚‡ÌË ÚÂıÏÂÌ˚ı ÌÂÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇Ì˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË Ë „‡Á‡. ê‡θ̇fl ‚ÓÁÏÓÊ-
ÌÓÒÚ¸ ÏÓ‰ÂÎËÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‚flÁÍËı ÌÂÒÊËχÂÏ˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í ÔÓfl‚Ë·Ҹ ‚
̇ÒÚÓfl˘Â ‚ÂÏ Í‡Í ‚ Ò‚flÁË Ò ‡Á‚ËÚËÂÏ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ı ÏÂÚÓ‰Ó‚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ Ú‡ÍËı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ Ú‡Í Ì‡Á˚-
‚‡ÂÏ˚ı ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ÔÂÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı – ÔÂÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı “ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸–‰‡‚ÎÂÌË”, Ú‡Í Ë ‚ Ò‚flÁË Ò ‚ÓÁÏÓÊ-
ÌÓÒÚflÏË ‚˚ÒÓÍÓÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÚÂθÌÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÚÂıÌËÍË Ì‡ ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ÏÌÓ„ÓÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÌ˚ı ÒËÒ-
ÚÂÏ [1].
ᇉ‡˜‡ Ó Ú˜ÂÌËË ÊˉÍÓÒÚË ‚ ͇‚ÂÌ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌ˚Ï Ë ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ÒÎÓÊÌ˚Ï ÚÂÒÚÓÏ ‰Îfl
‚ÂËÙË͇ˆËË Ë ÓˆÂÌÍË ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ı ÏÂÚÓ‰Ó‚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË, Ӊ̇ÍÓ
ÓÔÛ·ÎËÍÓ‚‡ÌÓ Î˯¸ Ì·Óθ¯Ó ˜ËÒÎÓ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ Ú‡ÍËı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÍÂ
[2]–[5]. ÑÎfl Ì‚˚ÒÓÍËı ˜ËÒÂÎ êÂÈÌÓθ‰Ò‡ Re < 1000 Ú˜ÂÌË fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ·ÏË̇Ì˚Ï Ë ÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇-
Ì˚Ï Ë Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ Ô‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË Ó‰ËÌ ·Óθ¯ÓÈ ‚Ëı¸ Ò ˆÂÌÚÓÏ ‚·ÎËÁË ˆÂÌÚ‡ ӷ·ÒÚË.
í˜ÂÌË ‚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÒËÏÏÂÚËË Í‡‚ÂÌ˚ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ô‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË ‰‚ÛÏÂÌ˚Ï Ë ıÓÓ¯Ó ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡-
ÂÚÒfl ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÏË ‰‚ÛÏÂÌ˚ÏË ÏÓ‰ÂÎflÏË. Ç ˝ÚÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÒÍÓÓÒÚË, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌ-
Ì˚ ‚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ı ÔÓ ‡Á΢Ì˚Ï ÏÂÚÓ‰Ë͇Ï, ıÓÓ¯Ó Òӄ·ÒÛ˛ÚÒfl ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÓ·ÓÈ Ë Ò ‰‡ÌÌ˚ÏË Ì‡ÚÛ-
Ì˚ı ˝ÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚÓ‚ [6]. ë ÓÒÚÓÏ ˜ËÒ· êÂÈÌÓθ‰Ò‡ ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ Ú˜ÂÌËfl ·˚ÒÚÓ ÛÒÎÓÊÌflÂÚÒfl: ÔË
Re ~ 2000 Ú˜ÂÌË ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚÒfl ÒÚ‡ÚËÙˈËÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚Ï, ÔË ·ÓΠ‚˚ÒÓÍËı ÒÍÓÓÒÚflı – ÌÂÒÚ‡ˆËÓ-
̇Ì˚Ï, ‡ Á‡ÚÂÏ ÚÛ·ÛÎÂÌÚÌ˚Ï.
Ç ‰‡ÌÌÓÈ ‡·ÓÚ ‰Îfl ÏÓ‰ÂÎËÓ‚‡ÌËfl Ú˜ÂÌËfl ‚ ͇‚ÂÌ ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ÒËÒÚÂχ Í‚‡Á˄ˉÓ‰Ë̇-
Ï˘ÂÒÍËı (äÉÑ) Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ‰Îfl ÓÔËÒ‡ÌËfl Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚flÁÍÓÈ ÌÂÒÊËχÂÏÓÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË [7], [8]. Ç [8] ‰‡Ì
ÙÂÌÓÏÂÌÓÎӄ˘ÂÒÍËÈ ‚˚‚Ó‰ äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ, Ôӂ‰ÂÌ Ëı ‡Ì‡ÎËÁ Ë ÔÓÒÚÓÂ̇ ÒÂËfl ÚÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡Ì‡-
ÎËÚ˘ÂÒÍËı ¯ÂÌËÈ ˝ÚÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚. íÂÒÚËÓ‚‡ÌË äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ Ì‡ ÔËÏÂ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÏÓ‰Â-
ÎËÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‰‚ÛÏÂÌ˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚flÁÍÓÈ ÌÂÒÊËχÂÏÓÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË Ô˂‰ÂÌÓ ‚ [9]–[11]. èÓ Ò‡‚ÌÂ-
Ì˲ Ò Ú‡‰ËˆËÓÌÌ˚ÏË Û‡‚ÌÂÌËflÏË ç‡‚¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡, äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ‰Îfl ÓÔËÒ‡ÌËfl ‚flÁÍËı ÌÂÒÊË-
χÂÏ˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ËÏÂ˛Ú fl‰ ÔÂËÏÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚, ˜ÚÓ ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎflÂÚ ÒÚÓËÚ¸ ̇ Ëı ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚Â
˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ˚ ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ „ˉÓ‰Ë̇ÏËÍË. Ä ËÏÂÌÌÓ, ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ Ò·„‡Â-
Ï˚Â, ÔËÒÛÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ë ‚ ÒËÒÚÂÏ äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ, ËÏÂ˛Ú ‰ËÒÒËÔ‡ÚË‚Ì˚È ı‡‡ÍÚÂ, ˜ÚÓ Ó·ÂÒÔ˜Ë-
‚‡ÂÚ „ÛÎflËÁ‡ˆË˛ Ò˜ÂÚ‡ ÔË Ëı ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓÏ ¯ÂÌËË. Ç äÉÑ-ÒËÒÚÂÏ ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï Ó·‡ÁÓÏ
‚˚ÔËÒ˚‚‡˛ÚÒfl „‡Ì˘Ì˚ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ‰Îfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl, ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚ ‰Îfl ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ-
̇. èË ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËχˆËË äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ Ì‡ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍ Á̇˜ÂÌËfl ÒÍÓÓÒÚË Ë ‰‡‚ÎÂ-
ÌËfl ‚ ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌ˚ı Û‡‚ÌÂÌËflı ÓÔ‰ÂÎfl˛ÚÒfl ‚ Ó‰ÌËı Ë ÚÂı Ê ÛÁ·ı ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍË, ˜ÚÓ ÔÓÁ‚Ó-
ÎflÂÚ ËÁ·Âʇڸ ‚‚‰ÂÌËfl Ú‡Í Ì‡Á˚‚‡ÂÏ˚ı ‡ÁÌÂÒÂÌÌ˚ı ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÂÚÓÍ [12].
1)ꇷÓÚ‡ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂ̇ ÔË ÙË̇ÌÒÓ‚ÓÈ ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊÍ êîîà (ÍÓ‰ ÔÓÂÍÚ‡ 01-01-00061) Ë „‡ÌÚ‡ INTAS ‹ 2000-0617.

453
454 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

ê‡Ò˜ÂÚ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÚÛ‰ÓÂÏÍÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜ÂÈ, ‰Îfl ‡ÎË-

Á‡ˆËË ÍÓÚÓÓÈ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÏÓ˘Ì˚ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌ˚ ÍÓÏÔÎÂÍÒ˚. éÔËÒ‡ÌÌ˚È ‚˚-
˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌ˚È ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ ‡ÎËÁÓ‚‡Ì ‰Îfl ÏÌÓ„ÓÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÌÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ Í·ÒÚÂ-
ÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡ Ò ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌÌÓÈ Ô‡ÏflÚ¸˛, ‚ ÍÓÚÓÓÈ ËÌÚÂÙÂÈÒ Ó·ÏÂ̇ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ÏË Ó„‡ÌËÁÓ‚‡Ì ÔÓ
ÔË̈ËÔÛ MPI (Message Passing Interface). í‡ÍÓÈ ËÌÚÂÙÂÈÒ ÔËÏÂÌflÂÚÒfl ‚ ̇ÒÚÓfl˘Â ‚ÂÏfl ‚Ó
‚ÒÂı ÍÛÔÌ˚ı ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌ˚ı ÍÓÏÔÎÂÍÒ‡ı, ‚Íβ˜‡˛˘Ëı ÓÚ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍËı ‰ÂÒflÚÍÓ‚ ‰Ó ÌÂÒÍÓθÍËı
Ú˚Òfl˜ ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚. ᇉ‡˜‡ ¯‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ ÔÂÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸–‰‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ. èË ˝ÚÓÏ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚-
ÌÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ‡Î„ÓËÚχ ‚ Á̇˜ËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒÚÂÔÂÌË ÓÔ‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ¯ÂÌËfl
Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇ ‰Îfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl. èÓ˝ÚÓÏÛ ‚ ‡·ÓÚ ۉÂÎÂÌÓ ÓÒÓ·Ó ‚ÌËχÌË ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË ˜ËÒ-
ÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇ ‚ (x, y, z)-„ÂÓÏÂÚËË Ì‡ ÏÌÓ„ÓÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÌÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒ-
ÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ. è‰ÎÓÊÂÌ Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚È ‚‡ˇÌÚ ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ ÒÓÔflÊÂÌÌ˚ı „‡‰ËÂÌÚÓ‚
ÒÔ‰ӷÛÒÎÓ‚ÎË‚‡ÌËÂÏ ÏÓ‰ËÙˈËÓ‚‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÌÂÔÓÎÌÓ„Ó ‡ÁÎÓÊÂÌËfl ïÓΈÍÓ„Ó ·ÂÁ Á‡ÔÓÎÌÂÌËfl
(MICCG(0)) (ÒÏ. [13]) ‰Îfl ¯ÂÌËfl ‚ÚÓÓÈ Í‡Â‚ÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜Ë.
èÓÒÚÓÂÌÌ˚È ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ ÓËÂÌÚËÓ‚‡Ì ̇ ¯ÂÌËÂ Í‡Í ÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇Ì˚ı, Ú‡Í Ë ÌÂÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇Ì˚ı
Á‡‰‡˜ ̇ ·Óθ¯Ëı ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÂÚ͇ı. è˂‰ÂÌ˚ ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ Ú˜ÂÌËfl ‚ ͇‚ÂÌÂ
̇ ÒÂÚ͇ı Ò ˜ËÒÎÓÏ ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÔÓ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚Û, ‰ÓÒÚË„‡˛˘ËÏ 4 × 106, ÔË ˜ËÒ·ı êÂÈÌÓθ‰Ò‡ Re = 100
Ë Re = 1000. ÑÎfl Re = 1000 ÔÓ‰ÂÏÓÌÒÚËÓ‚‡Ì‡ ÒıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ¯ÂÌËfl ̇ ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË Ò„Û-
˘‡˛˘ËıÒfl ÒÂÚÓÍ.

1. 䂇Á˄ˉÓ‰Ë̇Ï˘ÂÒÍË Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl
ì͇Á‡ÌÌ˚ ‚ ̇Á‚‡ÌËË Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ‚ ÔË·ÎËÊÂÌËË ‚flÁÍÓÈ ÌÂÒÊËχÂÏÓÈ ËÁÓÚÂÏ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ Êˉ-
ÍÓÒÚË ÏÓ„ÛÚ ·˚Ú¸ Á‡ÔËÒ‡Ì˚ ‚ Ë̉ÂÍÒÌÓÏ ‚ˉ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ËÏ Ó·‡ÁÓÏ:

∇i u = ∇i w ,
i i
(1.1)

∂u
k
1 k
-------- + ∇ i ( u u ) + --- ∇ p = ∇ i Π NS + ∇ i ( u w ) + ∇ i ( w u ).
i k ik i k i k
(1.2)
∂t ρ
á‰ÂÒ¸ ÔÓ ‰‚‡Ê‰˚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓfl˛˘ËÏÒfl Ë̉ÂÍÒ‡Ï Ë‰ÂÚ ÒÛÏÏËÓ‚‡ÌËÂ. íÂÌÁÓ ‚flÁÍËı ̇ÔflÊÂÌËÈ ç‡-
‚¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡ ËÏÂÂÚ ‚ˉ Π NS = ν(∇kui + ∇iuk). äÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ‚ÂÍÚÓ‡ ÔÎÓÚÌÓÒÚË ÔÓÚÓ͇ χÒÒ˚ ‚˚˜ËÒ-
ik

Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ ÙÓÏÛ·Ï

j = ρ ( u – w ), k = 1, 2, 3,
k k k
(1.3)
„‰Â

w = τ  u ∇ j u + --- ∇ p .
k j k 1 k
(1.4)
 ρ 

Ç ÒËÒÚÂÏ (1.1)–(1.4) ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ì˚ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘Ë ӷÓÁ̇˜ÂÌËfl: ρ = const > 0 – ÔÎÓÚÌÓÒÚ¸ ÊˉÍÓ-

ÒÚË, p – ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ, ÓÚÒ˜ËÚ˚‚‡ÂÏÓ ÓÚ „ˉÓÒÚ‡Ú˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó, u = (u1, u2, u3) – ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸, ν = η/ρ – ÍÓ˝Ù-
ÙˈËÂÌÚ ÍËÌÂχÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ‚flÁÍÓÒÚË, τ = ν/ c s – ı‡‡ÍÚÂÌ˚È Ï‡Ò¯Ú‡· ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓ„Ó Ò„Î‡ÊË‚‡ÌËfl, cs –
2

ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸ Á‚Û͇.
äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ÓÚ΢‡˛ÚÒfl ÓÚ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ç‡‚¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡ ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ‰Ë‚Â„ÂÌÚÌ˚ÏË
Ò·„‡ÂÏ˚ÏË Ò Ô‡‡ÏÂÚÓÏ τ, Ëϲ˘ËÏ ‡ÁÏÂÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚ÂÏÂÌË. èË τ 0 äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ÔÂÂ-
ıÓ‰flÚ ‚ ÒËÒÚÂÏÛ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ç‡‚¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡. Ç ÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇ÌÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ ‰Ë‚Â„ÂÌÚ-
Ì˚ ˜ÎÂÌ˚ ËÏÂ˛Ú ÙÓχθÌ˚ ÔÓfl‰ÍË O(τ2) ÔË τ 0. èË·ÎËÊÂÌËÂÏ Î‡ÏË̇ÌÓ„Ó ÔÓ„‡-
Ì˘ÌÓ„Ó ÒÎÓfl ‰Îfl äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ÒÎÛÊËÚ Í·ÒÒ˘ÂÒ͇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ è‡Ì‰ÚÎfl [7], [8]. Ç [8]
ÔÓÒÚÓÂ̇ ÒÂËfl ÚÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡Ì‡ÎËÚ˘ÂÒÍËı ¯ÂÌËÈ äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ. ÇÓ ‚ÒÂı ÒÎÛ˜‡flı ÔË τ 0
˝ÚË ÚÓ˜Ì˚ ¯ÂÌËfl ÔË·ÎËʇ˛ÚÒfl Í ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÏ ÚÓ˜Ì˚Ï ¯ÂÌËflÏ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ 燂¸Â–
ëÚÓÍÒ‡. Ç ˝ÚÓÏ ÒÏ˚ÒΠÒËÒÚÂχ äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËÏËÛÂÚ ÒËÒÚÂÏÛ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ç‡‚¸Â–ëÚÓ-
ÍÒ‡.
ëıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ¯ÂÌËfl äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ Í ¯ÂÌ˲ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ç‡‚¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡ ÔË
ÛÏÂ̸¯ÂÌËË Ô‡‡ÏÂÚ‡ τ ‰Îfl Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ÌÂÒÊËχÂÏÓÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË ÔÓ‰ÂÏÓÌÒÚËÓ‚‡Ì‡ ‚ [9]–[11] ̇
ÔËÏÂ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ ‰‚ÛÏÂÌ˚ı ÍÓÌ‚ÂÍÚË‚Ì˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ÔflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌ˚ı ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı.

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 óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü 455

èÓÒΠÔ˂‰ÂÌËfl Í ·ÂÁ‡ÁÏÂÌÓÏÛ ‚Ë‰Û Û͇Á‡Ì̇fl ÒËÒÚÂχ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ‰Îfl ÔÎÓÒÍËı ÚÂıÏÂ-
Ì˚ı ËÁÓÚÂÏ˘ÂÒÍËı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ËÏÂÂÚ ‚ˉ
∂u x ∂u y ∂y z ∂w ∂w ∂w
-------- + -------- + ------- = ---------x + ---------y + ---------z , (1.5)
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x ∂y ∂z

∂u x ∂ ( u x ) ∂ ( u x u y ) ∂ ( u x u z ) ∂p 2 ∂ u 1 ∂ ∂u ∂u 1 ∂ ∂u ∂u
2 2
-------- + ------------- + ------------------ + ------------------ + ------ = ------ ---------2-x + ------ -----  --------x + --------y + ------ -----  --------x + --------z +
∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x Re ∂x Re ∂y ∂y ∂x   Re ∂z  ∂z ∂y 
(1.6)
∂ ( u x w x ) ∂ ( u y w x ) ∂ ( u x w y ) ∂ ( uz w x ) ∂ ( u x wz )
+ 2 ------------------
- + ------------------- + ------------------- + ------------------- + ------------------- ,
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂z ∂z

∂u ∂ ( u x u y ) ∂ ( u y ) ∂ ( u z u y ) ∂p 1 ∂ ∂u ∂u 2 ∂ u 1 ∂ ∂u ∂u
2 2
- + ------------- + ------------------ + ------ = ------ ------  --------x + --------y + ------ ---------2-y + ------ -----  --------y + --------z +
--------y + -----------------
∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂y Re ∂x  ∂y ∂x  Re ∂y Re ∂z  ∂z ∂y 
(1.7)
∂(uxwy) ∂(uywx ) ∂ ( u y w y ) ∂ ( uz w y ) ∂ ( u y wz )
+ ------------------
- + ------------------- + 2 ------------------
- + ------------------- + ------------------- ,
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂z

∂u z ∂ ( u x u z ) ∂ ( u y u z ) ∂ ( u z ) ∂p 1 ∂ ∂u ∂u 1 ∂ ∂u ∂u 2 ∂ u
2 2
-------- + ------------------ + ------------------ + ------------- + ------ = ------ ------  --------x + --------z + ------ -----  --------y + --------z + ------ ---------2-z +
∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂z Re ∂x  ∂z ∂x  Re ∂y  ∂z ∂y  Re ∂z
(1.8)
∂ ( u x wz ) ∂ ( uz w x ) ∂ ( u y wz ) ∂ ( uz w y ) ∂ ( uz wz )
+ ------------------
- + ------------------- + ------------------- + ------------------- + 2 ------------------,
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y ∂z
„‰Â
∂u ∂u ∂u ∂p
w x = τ  u x --------x + u y --------x + u z --------x + ------ ,
 ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x
∂u ∂u ∂u ∂p
w y = τ  u x --------y + u y --------y + u z --------y + ------ , (1.9)
 ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂y
∂u ∂u ∂u ∂p
w z = τ  u x --------z + u y --------z + u z --------z + ------ .
 ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂z 
çÂËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌ˚ÏË ‚Â΢Ë̇ÏË fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ‚ÂÍÚÓ‡ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ux = ux (x, y, z, t), uy = uy(x, y,
z, t), uz = uz(x, y, z, t) Ë ‰‡‚ÎÂÌË p = p(x, y, t).
èÓΠ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ̇ıÓ‰ËÚÒfl ÔÓ ÛÊ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓÏÛ ÔÓβ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ÔÛÚÂÏ ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡Ò-
ÒÓ̇
∂ p ∂ p ∂ p
2 2 2
1 ∂u ∂u ∂u ∂ ∂u ∂u ∂u
--------2 + --------2 + --------2 = ---  --------x + --------y + --------z – ------  u x --------x + u y --------x + u z --------x –
∂x ∂y ∂z τ  ∂x ∂y ∂z  ∂x  ∂x ∂y ∂z 
(1.10)
∂ ∂u ∂u ∂u ∂ ∂u ∂u ∂u
– -----  u x --------y + u y --------y + u z --------y – -----  u x --------z + u y --------z + u z --------z ,
∂y  ∂x ∂y ∂z  ∂z  ∂x ∂y ∂z 
fl‚Îfl˛˘Â„ÓÒfl ˝Í‚Ë‚‡ÎÂÌÚÌ˚Ï Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂÏ (1.5) ÔË τ = const.

2. èÓÒÚ‡Ìӂ͇ Á‡‰‡˜Ë
ê‡ÒÒχÚË‚‡ÂÚÒfl ÔÎÓÒÍÓ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ (ÚÂıÏÂÌÓÂ) Ú˜ÂÌË ËÁÓÚÂÏ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÊˉÍÓÒÚË
‚ Í۷˘ÂÒÍÓÈ Í‡‚ÂÌÂ Ò ·ÓÏ H. ÇÂıÌflfl Í˚¯Í‡ ͇‚ÂÌ˚ ‰‚ËÊÂÚÒfl Ò ÔÓÒÚÓflÌÌÓÈ ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸˛
U0. ëıÂχ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÌÓÈ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË Ë ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂχfl ÒËÒÚÂχ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡Ú Ô˂‰ÂÌ˚ ̇ ÙË„. 1.
í‡ÍÓ Ú˜ÂÌË ·Û‰ÂÏ ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸ ÒËÒÚÂÏÓÈ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ (1.6)–(1.10), ÍÓÚÓ‡fl Ô˂‰Â̇ Í ·ÂÁ‡Á-
ÏÂÌÓÏÛ ‚Ë‰Û Ò ÔÓÏÓ˘¸˛ ÒÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÈ
x = x̃H, y = ỹH, z = z̃H, u x = ũ x U 0 , u y = ũ y U 0 , u z = ũ z U 0 ,
t = ( t̃ H )/U 0 , Re = ( U 0 H )/ν.
2
p = p̃ρU 0 ,

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456 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

Y ëËÒÚÂÏÛ (1.6)–(1.10) ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÏ „‡Ì˘Ì˚ÏË ÛÒÎÓ‚ËflÏË. ç‡

ÌÂÔÓ‰‚ËÊÌÓÈ Ú‚Â‰ÓÈ ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË ‰Îfl ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl
ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ÔËÎËÔ‡ÌËfl

U0 u = 0.
ç‡ ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË y = 1 Á‡‰‡˛ÚÒfl ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ux = U0, uy = 0, uz = 0.
É‡Ì˘Ì˚ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ‰Îfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ÒÎÂ‰Û˛Ú ËÁ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ÌÂÔÓÚÂ-
͇ÌËfl Ë ËÏÂ˛Ú ‚ˉ
∂p/∂n = 0, (2.1)
X
„‰Â n – ÌÓχθ Í ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË. í‡Í, ̇ÔËÏÂ, ̇ „‡ÌË x = 0
ËÏÂÂÏ ∂p/∂x = 0, ̇ · x = 0, y = 0 ÛÒÎÓ‚Ë (2.1) ÔË‚Ó‰ËÚ Í
‡‚ÂÌÒÚ‚‡Ï ∂p/∂x = 0, ∂p/∂y = 0. Ç ‚Â¯ËÌ x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 ËÏÂ-
Z ÂÏ ∂p/∂x = 0, ∂p/∂y = 0, ∂p/∂z = 0.
Ç Í‡˜ÂÒڂ ̇˜‡Î¸ÌÓ„Ó ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ‚˚·Ë‡ÎÓÒ¸ ÒÓÒÚÓflÌË ÔÓ-
îË„. 1.
ÍÓfl ux = uy = uz = 0. ч‚ÎÂÌË ‚ ̇˜‡Î¸Ì˚È ÏÓÏÂÌÚ Ò˜ËÚ‡ÎÓÒ¸ ÔÓ-
ÒÚÓflÌÌ˚Ï ‚Ó ‚ÒÂÏ ÔÓΠژÂÌËfl: p = 0. ÑÎfl ÛÒÚ‡ÌÂÌËfl ÌÂÓ‰ÌÓ-
Á̇˜ÌÓÒÚË ÔË ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËË ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl Â„Ó Á̇˜ÂÌË ‚Ó ‚ÂÏfl ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊË‚‡ÎÓÒ¸ ÔÓÒÚÓflÌÌ˚Ï
p(1, 1, 1) = 1 ‚ ‚Â¯ËÌ ÍÛ·‡ Ò ÍÓÓ‰Ë̇ڇÏË (1, 1, 1).
ÑÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ Ò·„‡ÂÏ˚Â Ò ÏÌÓÊËÚÂÎÂÏ τ ‡ÒÒχÚË‚‡ÎËÒ¸ Í‡Í „ÛÎflËÁ‡ÚÓ˚. Ç ˜ËÒÎÂÌ-
Ì˚ı ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ı Á̇˜ÂÌË ԇ‡ÏÂÚ‡ τ ‚‡¸ËÓ‚‡ÎÓÒ¸ Ë ‚˚·Ë‡ÎÓÒ¸ ËÒıÓ‰fl ËÁ ÛÒÎÓ‚ËÈ ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚË Ë
ÛÒÚÓȘ˂ÓÒÚË ‡Î„ÓËÚχ. Ç Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÈ ‡·ÓÚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÎÓÒ¸ τ = 0.01 ‰Îfl Re = 100 Ë τ = 0.001 ‰Îfl
Re = 1000, ˜ÚÓ, Í‡Í ÔÓ͇Á˚‚‡ÂÚ Ô‡ÍÚË͇ ‰‚ÛÏÂÌ˚ı ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ ‡Ì‡Îӄ˘Ì˚ı Á‡‰‡˜ [9], [10], Ó·ÂÒ-
Ô˜˂‡ÂÚ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÛ˛ ÛÒÚÓȘ˂ÓÒÚ¸ Ë ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ‡Î„ÓËÚχ.

3. Ç˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌ˚È ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ
ÑÎfl ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ¯ÂÌËfl ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ (1.6)–(1.10) ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ÏÂÚÓ‰ ÍÓ̘Ì˚ı ‡ÁÌÓ-
ÒÚÂÈ. Ç‚Ó‰ËÚÒfl ‡‚ÌÓÏÂ̇fl ÒÂÚ͇ ÔÓ ‚ÒÂÏ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËflÏ Ò ¯‡„ÓÏ h. ÇÒ ‚Â-
΢ËÌ˚ ‚˚˜ËÒÎfl˛ÚÒfl ‚ ÛÁ·ı ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍË. É‡Ìˈ‡ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË ‡ÒÔÓ·„‡-
ÂÚÒfl ‚ ÔÓÎÛˆÂÎ˚ı ÛÁ·ı ÒÂÚÍË, Ú.Â. ¯‡„ ÔÓ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚Û ‚·ÎËÁË „‡Ìˈ˚ ӷ·ÒÚË ‡‚ÂÌ h/2. ÇÒÂ
ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰Ì˚ ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËÏËÛ˛ÚÒfl ˆÂÌÚ‡Î¸Ì˚ÏË ‡ÁÌÓÒÚflÏË. èÓËÁ‚Ó‰Ì˚Â
ÔÂ‚Ó„Ó ÔÓfl‰Í‡ ‚˚˜ËÒÎflÎËÒ¸ ͇Í
∂f 1 f i + 1, j, k + f ijk f ijk + f i – 1, j, k
------ ≈ ---  ------------------------------- – ------------------------------- .
∂x h  2 2 
èÓËÁ‚Ó‰Ì˚ ‚ÚÓÓ„Ó ÔÓfl‰Í‡ ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËÏËÛ˛ÚÒfl ‚ ‚ˉÂ
∂ ∂f f i + 1, j, k – f ijk f ijk – f i – 1, j, k
------ k ------ = ---  k i + 0.5, j, k ------------------------------
1
- – k i – 0.5, j, k ------------------------------
- ,
∂x ∂x h 2 2 

∂ ∂f f i + 0.5, j + 0.5, k – f i + 0.5, j – 0.5, k f i – 0.5, j – 0.5, k – f i – 0.5, j – 0.5, k

------ k ----- = ---  k i + 0.5, j, k ---------------------------------------------------------------
1
- – k i – 0.5, j, k --------------------------------------------------------------
- ,
∂x ∂y h h h 
„‰Â ki ± 0.5, j, k = 0.5(ki ± 1, j, k + kijk), fi ± 0.5, j ± 0.5, k = 0.25(fi ± 1, j ± 1, k + fijk + fi ± 1, j, k + fi, j ± 1, k); Ú‡ÍËÏ Ó·‡ÁÓÏ
Á̇˜ÂÌËfl ‚Â΢ËÌ ‚ ÔÓÎÛˆÂÎ˚ı ÛÁ·ı ÓÔ‰ÂÎfl˛ÚÒfl Í‡Í ÔÓÎÛÒÛÏÏ˚ Ëı Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ˆÂÎ˚ı ÛÁ·ı,
‡ Á̇˜ÂÌËfl ÙÛÌ͈ËÈ ‚ ˆÂÌÚ‡ı „‡ÌÂÈ ÚÂıÏÂÌ˚ı fl˜ÂÂÍ, ÍÓÚÓ˚ ÚÂ·Û˛ÚÒfl ‰Îfl ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl
Òϯ‡ÌÌ˚ı ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı, ‚˚˜ËÒÎfl˛ÚÒfl Í‡Í Ò‰Ì ‡ËÙÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ‚Â΢ËÌ ‚ ÔËÎÂ-
„‡˛˘Ëı ÛÁ·ı. Ä̇Îӄ˘ÌÓ ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËÏËÛ˛ÚÒfl ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰Ì˚ ∂f/∂y, ∂f/∂z, (∂/∂y)(k∂f/∂y),
(∂/∂z)(k∂f/∂z), (∂/∂x)(k∂f/∂z), (∂/∂y)(k∂f/∂x), (∂/∂y)(k∂f/∂z), (∂/∂z)(k∂f/∂x), (∂/∂z)(k∂f/∂y).
ÄÔÔÓÍÒËχˆËfl „‡Ì˘Ì˚ı ÛÒÎÓ‚ËÈ ‰Îfl ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÒÓ ‚ÚÓ˚Ï ÔÓfl‰ÍÓÏ ÚÓ˜ÌÓ-
ÒÚË, ˜ÚÓ ‰ÓÒÚË„‡ÂÚÒfl ‚‚‰ÂÌËÂÏ ÙËÍÚË‚Ì˚ı ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÔÓ ‚̯ÌËÏ „‡Ìˈ‡Ï ӷ·ÒÚË. É‡Ì˘Ì˚ ÛÒ-
ÎÓ‚Ëfl ‰Îfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËÏËÛ˛ÚÒfl ÒÓ ‚ÚÓ˚Ï ÔÓfl‰ÍÓÏ ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚË Ò ÔÓÏÓ˘¸˛ ˝ÍÒÚ‡ÔÓÎflˆËË
Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇ ̇ „‡ÌËˆÛ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË. í‡Í, ̇ÔËÏÂ, ÛÒÎÓ‚Ë ∂p/∂x = 0 ̇ „‡ÌË x = 0 ÔË‚Ó‰ËÚ
Í Û‡‚ÌÂÌ˲
–0.5 p 1, j – 1, k – 0.5 p 1, j, k – 1 + 3 p 1 jk – p 2 jk – 0.5 p 1, j + 1, k – 0.5 p 1, j, k + 1 = 0,

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 óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü 457

‡ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl ∂p/∂x = 0, ∂p/∂y = 0 ̇ · x = 0, y = 0 – Í Û‡‚ÌÂÌ˲

–0.25 p 1, 1, k – 1 + 1.5 p 11k – 0.5 p 21k – 0.5 p 12k – 0.25 p 1, 1, k + 1 = 0.

ÑÎfl ‚Â¯ËÌ˚ x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 ËÏÂÂÏ

0.75 p 111 – 0.25 p 211 – 0.25 p 121 – 0.25 p 112 = 0.

‡Ì‡Îӄ˘Ì˚ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ‚˚ÔËÒ˚‚‡˛ÚÒfl ‰Îfl ‰Û„Ëı ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÒÂÚÍË Ì‡ „‡Ìˈ ӷ·ÒÚË. Ç ÚӘ͠x = 1,
y = 1, z = 1 ÔÓ·„‡ÂÏ p N 1, N 2, N 3 = 1, „‰Â N1, N2, N3 – ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÒÂÚÍË ÔÓ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËflÏ x, y, z
ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ.
ÑÎfl ¯ÂÌËfl ÚÂıÏÂÌÓ„Ó ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓ„Ó Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ‰Îfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl Ay = f ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÎÒfl ÏÂÚÓ‰ ÒÓ-
ÔflÊÂÌÌ˚ı „‡‰ËÂÌÚÓ‚ Ò Ô‰ӷÛÒÎÓ‚ÎË‚‡ÌËÂÏ ÏÓ‰ËÙˈËÓ‚‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÌÂÔÓÎÌÓ„Ó ‡ÁÎÓÊÂÌËfl ïÓ-
ΈÍÓ„Ó ·ÂÁ Á‡ÔÓÎÌÂÌËfl (MICCG(0)) (ÒÏ. [13]) ËÎË Â„Ó Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚È ‚‡ˇÌÚ, Ô‰ÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚È ÌË-
Ê ‚ ‡Á‰. 4 ̇ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÈ ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë. àÚÂ‡ˆËË ÔÂÍ‡˘‡ÎËÒ¸ ÔË ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌËË ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl (Ayl – f, Ayl – f ) < ε2,
„‰Â ε = 0.00001, l – ÌÓÏÂ ËÚÂ‡ˆËË.
èÓΠÒÍÓÓÒÚË ÓÔ‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl ̇ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ÂÏ ‚ÂÏÂÌÌóÏ ÒÎÓ ÔÓ fl‚ÌÓÈ ÒıÂÏÂ Ò ¯‡„ÓÏ ∆t. í˜Â-
ÌË ҘËÚ‡ÂÚÒfl ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Ë‚¯ËÏÒfl, ÂÒÎË
n+1 n n+1 n n+1 n
u x – u x u y – u y uz – uz 
max  ---------------------
- < 0.001, max  ---------------------
- < 0.001, max  ---------------------
- < 0.001.
ijk  ∆t  ijk ijk  ∆t  ijk ijk  ∆t  ijk

ùÚÓÚ ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ó·Ó·˘ÂÌËÂÏ Ô‰ÎÓÊÂÌÌÓ„Ó ‚ [9]–[11] ‡Î„ÓËÚχ ¯ÂÌËfl Á‡‰‡˜Ë ‚

‰‚ÛÏÂÌÓÈ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÍÂ.

4. Ä΄ÓËÚÏ Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓÈ ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË

ÑÎfl Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓÈ ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË ¯ÂÌËfl ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌ˚ı Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ, ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËÏËÛ˛˘Ëı ÒËÒÚÂÏÛ
(1.6)–(1.10), ·Û‰ÂÏ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰, ̇Á˚‚‡ÂÏ˚È ‰ÂÍÓÏÔÓÁˈËÂÈ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË, ËÎË „ÂÓÏÂÚ˘ÂÒ-
ÍËÏ Ô‡‡ÎÎÂÎËÁÏÓÏ. ê‡ÁÓ·¸ÂÏ ÚÂıÏÂÌÛ˛ ӷ·ÒÚ¸ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ ̇ p = p1 × p2 ÔӉӷ·ÒÚÂÈ ‚ ‰‚Ûı ÔÓ-
ÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËflı OX Ë OY, Í‡Í ËÁÓ·‡ÊÂÌÓ Ì‡ ÙË„. 2 ‰Îfl ÒÎÛ˜‡fl p1 = p2 = 3, Ë Ó„‡ÌË-
ÁÛÂÏ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÛ˛ ÒËÒÚÂÏ ËÁ p = p1 × p2 ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚. ä‡Ê‰˚È ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎflÚ¸
‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl ‚ Ò‚ÓÂÈ „ÂÓÏÂÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÔӉӷ·ÒÚË.

2 6 3 6 3
2 4 1 2 4 1 2
7 8 5 7 8 5 7
1 6 3 6 3
2 4 1 2 4 1 2
7 8 5 7 8 5 7
0 6 3 6 3
X

0 1 2
Z

îË„. 2.

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458 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

Ä΄ÓËÚÏ Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓÈ ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ fl‚ÌÓÈ ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓÈ ÒıÂÏ˚ ‰Îfl ÒËÒÚÂ-
Ï˚ (1.6)–(1.8) ‡Ì‡Îӄ˘ÂÌ ËÁÎÓÊÂÌÌÓÏÛ ‚ [14]. èÂ‰ ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËÂÏ ( u x ) ijk , ( u y ) ijk , ( u z ) ijk –
n+1 n+1 n+1

Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË Ì‡ (n + 1) ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓÏ ÒÎÓ ÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ ÔÂÂÒ˚Î͇ Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ ( u x ) ijk ,

n

( u y ) ijk , ( u z ) ijk , p ijk ‚ „‡Ì˘Ì˚ı ÛÁ·ı ÒÓÒ‰ÌËı ÔӉӷ·ÒÚÂÈ, ‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚ı ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı 2, 3

n n n

Ë Ì‡ ÎËÌËflı 1, ÍÓÚÓ˚ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚ ‰Îfl ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl ÒÂÚÓ˜Ì˚ı ÙÛÌ͈ËÈ ‚ „‡Ì˘Ì˚ı ÚӘ͇ı ÔÓ-
‰Ó·Î‡ÒÚÂÈ Ì‡ ÎËÌËflı 4, 5 Ë ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı 6, 7. èÂÂÒ˚ÎÍË ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl χÒÒË‚‡ÏË.
ê¯ÂÌË ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓ„Ó ‡Ì‡ÎÓ„‡ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl (1.10)
–a ijk y i – 1, j, k – b ijk y i, j – 1, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 + c ijk y ijk – a i + 1, j, k y i + 1, j, k – b i, j + 1, k – g i, j, k + 1 y i, j, k + 1 = f ijk ,

„‰Â i = 1, 2, …, N1 – 1, j = 1, 2, …, N2 – 1, k = 1, 2, …, N3 – 1, ËÎË Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl Ay = f ̇ Ó‰ÌÓÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÌÓÈ

ùÇå ·Û‰ÂÏ ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ÏÂÚÓ‰ÓÏ MICCG(0). ùÚÓÚ ÏÂÚÓ‰ Ú·ÛÂÚ ‰Îfl ÒıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚË O(ln(2/ε) N h )
ËÚÂ‡ˆËÈ, „‰Â Nh – ˜ËÒÎÓ ÛÁÎÓ‚ ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍË ÔÓ Ó‰ÌÓÏÛ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÏÛ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌ˲, ε –
Ú·ÛÂχfl ÓÚÌÓÒËÚÂθ̇ ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚ¸. éÒÌӂ̇fl ÚÛ‰ÌÓÒÚ¸ ‡ÒÔ‡‡ÎÎÂÎË‚‡ÌËfl ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ MICCG(0)
Ò‚flÁ‡Ì‡ Ò ÂÍÛÒË‚Ì˚Ï ı‡‡ÍÚÂÓÏ ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËÈ ÔË Ó·‡˘ÂÌËË Ï‡Úˈ˚ Ô‰ӷÛÒÎÓ‚ÎË‚‡ÌËfl.
ÑÎfl  ÔÂÓ‰ÓÎÂÌËfl ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚È Ì‡ ÔÂÂÛÔÓfl‰Ó˜ÂÌËË ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÒÂÚÍË Ë ÂÍÓÌ-
ÒÚÛËÓ‚‡ÌËË Ï‡Úˈ˚ Ô‰ӷÛÒÎÓ‚ÎË‚‡ÌËfl [15]–[20].
å‡Úˈ‡ Ô‰ӷÛÒÎÓ‚ÎË‚‡ÌËfl Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓ„Ó ‚‡ˇÌÚ MICCG(0) ·Û‰ÂÚ ËÏÂÚ¸ ‚ˉ

B = ( D + A 1 )D [ D + ( A 1 ) ],
–1 –1 Ú

„‰Â χÚˈ‡ A1 Á‡‰‡ÂÚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚÓ  1 , ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÈ ‚ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚Â ÒÂÚÓ˜Ì˚ı ÙÛÌ͈ËÈ, ÓÔ‰ÂÎÂÌ-

Ì˚ı ̇ ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Â ÛÁÎÓ‚ ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍË:

 – a ijk y i – 1, j, k – b ijk y i, j – 1, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 0 ,


 – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 1 ,

 –a ijk y i – 1, j, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 2 ,

 –b ijk y i, j, k – 1 – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 3 ,

( Â 1 y ) ijk =  –a ijk y i – 1, j, k – a i + 1, j, k y i + 1, j, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 4 ,

 –b ijk y i, j – 1, k – b i, j + 1, k y i, j + 1, k – g ijk y i, k, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 5 ,
 –a y
 ijk i – 1, j, k – a i + 1, j, k y i + 1, j, k – b ijk y i, j – 1, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 6 ,
 –b y
 ijk i, j – 1, k – b i, j + 1, k y i, j + 1, k – a ijk y i – 1, j, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 7 ,
 –a ijk y i – 1, j, k – b ijk y i, j – 1, k – a i + 1, j, k y i + 1, j, k – b i, j + 1, k y i, j + 1, k – g ijk y i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 8 ,


á‰ÂÒ¸ ω0 – ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËı ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÒÂÚÍË ‚ÒÂı ÔӉӷ·ÒÚÂÈ, ω2, ω3, ω6, ω7 – ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚‡ ÛÁÎÓ‚
ÒÂÚÍË, ‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚ı ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı 2, 3, 6, 7, ω1, ω4, ω5, ω8 – ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚‡ ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÒÂÚÍË, ‡ÒÔÓÎÓ-
ÊÂÌÌ˚ı ̇ ÎËÌËflı 1, 4, 5, 8 (ÒÏ. ÙË„. 2).
ùÎÂÏÂÌÚ˚ dijk ‰Ë‡„Ó̇θÌÓÈ Ï‡Úˈ˚ D ÓÔ‰ÂÎfl˛ÚÒfl ËÁ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëfl Ae + GDAe = Be, „‰Â e =
= (1, …, 1)Ú, DA – ‰Ë‡„Ó̇θ̇fl ˜‡ÒÚ¸ χÚˈ˚ A, G – ‰Ë‡„Ó̇θ̇fl χÚˈ‡ Ò ‰Ë‡„Ó̇θÌ˚ÏË ˝ÎÂ-
ÏÂÌÚ‡ÏË σijkr:

 ξ α h + ξ 0 h , ÂÒÎË ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω α , ‰Îfl α = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
2

σ ijk = 
 ξ 0 h ‚ ÔÓÚË‚ÌÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â;
2

Á‰ÂÒ¸ ξα > 0 ‰Îfl 0 ≤ α ≤ 5. ÅÛ‰ÂÏ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸

ξ̃ 1 = 2π/3, ξ̃ 2 = ξ̃ 3 = ξ̃ 4 = ξ̃ 5 = π/3, ξ̃ 0 = 0.5π .

2
(4.1)

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 óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü 459

ùÎÂÏÂÌÚ˚ dijk ‰Ë‡„Ó̇θÌÓÈ Ï‡Úˈ˚ D ‚˚˜ËÒÎfl˛ÚÒfl ÔÓ ÙÓÏÛ·Ï

 c̃ ijk – a ijk ( a ijk + b i – 1, j, k + κ i1 a i – 1, j, k + g i – 1, j, k + 1 )d i – 1, j, k –


– b (b + a
i + 1, j – 1, k + κ j b i, j – 1, k + g i, j – 1, k + 1 )d i, j – 1, k –
2
 ijk ijk
 – g ijk ( g ijk + a i + 1, j, k – 1 + b i, j + 1, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 0 ,

 c̃ ijk – g ijk ( g ijk + a i + 1, j, k – 1 + a i, j, k – 1 + b i, j + 1, k – 1 + b i, j, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 1 ,

 c̃ – a ( a + b
i – 1, j, k + b i – 1, j + 1, k + κ i a i – 1, j, k + g i – 1, j, k + 1 )d i – 1, j, k –
1
 ijk ijk ijk
– g (g + a
i + 1, j, k – 1 + b i, j + 1, k – 1 + b i, j, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 2 ,
 ijk ijk
 c̃ – b ( b + a
i + 1, j – 1, k + a i, j – 1, k + κ j b i, j – 1, k + g i, j – 1, k + 1 )d i, j – 1, k –
2
 ijk ijk ijk
– g (g + a
 ijk ijk i + 1, j, k – 1 + a i, j, k – 1 + b i, j + 1, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 3 ,
 c̃ ijk – a ijk ( a ijk + b i – 1, j, k + b i – 1, j + 1, j + g i – 1, j, k + 1 )d i – 1, j, k –

 – a i + 1, j, k ( a i + 1, j, k + b i + 1, j, k + b i + 1, j + 1, k + a i + 2, j, k + g i + 1, j, k + 1 )d i + 1, j, k –

 – g ijk ( g ijk + b i, j + 1, k – 1 + b i, j, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 4 ,
–1 
d ijk =  c̃ ijk – b ijk ( b ijk + a i, j – 1, k + a i + 1, j – 1, k + g i, j – 1, k + 1 )d i, j – 1, k –

 – b i, j + 1, k ( b i, j + 1, k + a i + 1, j + 1, k + a i, j + 1, k + b i, j + 2, k + g i, j + 1, k + 1 )d i, j + 1, k –

 – g ijk ( g ijk + a i + 1, j, k – 1 + a i, j, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 5 ,

 c̃ ijk – a ijk ( a ijk + b i – 1, j + 1, k + g i – 1, j, k )d i – 1, j, k – b ijk ( b ijk +

 + κ j b i, j – 1, k + g i, j – 1, k + 1 )d i, j – 1, k – a i + 1, j, k ( a i + 1, j, k + b i + 1, j + 1, k +
2


 + a i + 2, j, k + g i + 1, j, k + 1 )d i + 1, j, k – g ijk ( g ijk + b i, j + 1, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 6 ,

 c̃ ijk – b ijk ( b ijk + a i + 1, j – 1, k + g i, j – 1, k + 1 )d i, j – 1, k – a ijk ( a ijk +

 + κ i a i – 1, j, k + g i – 1, j, k + 1 )d i – 1, j, k – b i, j + 1, k ( b i, j + 1, k + a i + 1, j + 1, k +
1


 + b i, j + 2, k + g i, j + 1, k + 1 )d i, j + 1, k – g ijk ( g ijk + a i + 1, j, k – 1 )d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 7 ,
 c̃ – a ( a + g
 ijk ijk ijk i – 1, j, k + 1 )d i – 1, j, k – b ijk ( b ijk + g i, j – 1, k + 1 )d i, j – 1, k –
– a
 i + 1, j, k ( a i + 1, j, k + a i + 2, j, k + g i + 1, j, k + 1 )d i + 1, j, k – b i, j + 1, k ( b i, j + 1, k +

 + b i, j + 2, k + g i, j + 1, k + 1 )d i, j + 1, k – g ijk d i, j, k – 1 , ( i, j, k ) ∈ ω 8 ,
2

„‰Â c̃ ijk = cijk(1 + σijk),

 1, ÂÒÎË i = M 1 k 1 + 1, 1 ≤ k 1 ≤ p 1 – 1,
κi = 
1

 0 ‚ ÔÓÚË‚ÌÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â,

 1, ÂÒÎË j = M 2 k 2 + 1, 1 ≤ k 2 ≤ p 2 – 1,
κj = 
1

 0 ‚ ÔÓÚË‚ÌÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â,
Mα = Nα/pα, k1 = [i/M1], k2 = [j/M2], [l] – ˆÂ·fl ˜‡ÒÚ¸ l, (k1, k2) – ÌÓÏÂ ÔӉӷ·ÒÚË, 0 ≤ kα ≤ pα – 1,
α = 1, 2.
ê‡ÒÒÛʉ‡fl ‡Ì‡Îӄ˘ÌÓ [19], ÏÓÊÌÓ ‰Ó͇Á‡Ú¸, ˜ÚÓ ‰Îfl ÒıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚË Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓ„Ó ‚‡ˇÌÚ‡
MICCG(0) Ú·ÛÂÚÒfl O(ln(2/ε) N h ) ËÚÂ‡ˆËÈ ‰Îfl β·˚ı ÙËÍÒËÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ı p1 Ë p2. ÑÎfl ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ
·Óθ¯Ëı p1, p2 ‰Îfl ÒıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚË Ú·ÛÂÚÒfl O(ln(2/ε) N h max( p 1 , p 2 )) ËÚÂ‡ˆËÈ. ä‡Í ÔÓ͇Á‡ÎË
ÚÂÓÂÚ˘ÂÒÍË ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËfl Ë ‡Ò˜ÂÚ˚, ˜ËÒÎÓ ËÚÂ‡ˆËÈ Ï‰ÎÂÌÌÓ ‡ÒÚÂÚ Ò ÓÒÚÓÏ ˜ËÒ· ÔÓˆÂÒ-
ÒÓÓ‚. á‡ÏÂÚËÏ, ˜ÚÓ Á̇˜ÂÌËfl ξα, Ô˂‰ÂÌÌ˚ ‚ (4.1), ÏËÌËÏËÁËÛ˛Ú ÓˆÂÌÍÛ ˜ËÒ· ËÚÂ‡ˆËÈ Ô‡-

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460 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

‡ÎÎÂθÌÓ„Ó ‚‡ˇÌÚ‡ MICCG(0) ‰Îfl ¯ÂÌËfl Á‡‰‡˜Ë ÑËËıΠ‰Îfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇. èË Ô‡-
‡ÎÎÂθÌÓÈ ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË ‚˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ dijk ‡Ò˜ÂÚ Ì‡˜Ë̇ÂÚÒfl ‚Ó ‚ÒÂı ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı Ó‰ÌÓ-
‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓ Ò ÎËÌËÈ 1 (ÒÏ. ÙË„. 2), Á‡ÚÂÏ ÔÓ‰ÓÎʇÂÚÒfl ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı 2, 3 ‚Ó ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËı ÚӘ͇ı
ÔӉӷ·ÒÚÂÈ. чΠÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ ÔÂÂÒ˚Î͇ Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ dijk ̇ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı 2, 3 Ë ÎËÌËflı 1 ‚ ÒÓÒ‰ÌËÂ
ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ˚. á‡ÚÂÏ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ ÔÓ‰ÓÎʇÂÚÒfl ̇ ÎËÌËflı 4, 5 Ë ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı 6, 7 Ë Á‡‚Â¯‡ÂÚÒfl ̇ ÎËÌË-
flı 8. èÂ‰ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓÏ dijk ̇ ÎËÌËflı 8 ‚ÌÓ‚¸ ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÔÂÂÒ˚Î͇ Á̇˜ÂÌËÈ dijk ̇ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚ-
ÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı ÎËÌËflı 4 Ë 5 ËÁ ÒÓÒ‰ÌËı ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚. Ç˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl ÔÓËÒıÓ‰flÚ ‚ ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËflı, Û͇-
Á‡ÌÌ˚ı ÒÚÂÎ͇ÏË Ì‡ ÙË„. 2. ÇÒ ÔÂÂÒ˚ÎÍË ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl χÒÒË‚‡ÏË. Ä̇Îӄ˘ÌÓ ÔÓËÒıÓ-
‰ËÚ Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθ̇fl ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËfl Ó·ÓËı ˝Ú‡ÔÓ‚ (D–1 + A1) w k = Ayk – f, [D–1 + (A1)Ú]wk = D–1wk Ó·‡˘ÂÌËfl
χÚˈ˚ B ̇ ͇ʉÓÈ ËÚÂ‡ˆËË k. ê‡ÒÔ‡‡ÎÎÂÎË‚‡ÌË ÓÒڇθÌ˚ı ˝Ú‡ÔÓ‚ ‚ ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ Ô‰ӷÛÒ-
ÎÓ‚ÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ ÒÓÔflÊÂÌÌ˚ı „‡‰ËÂÌÚÓ‚ ÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ ‡Ì‡Îӄ˘ÌÓ ‡ÒÒÏÓÚÂÌÌÓÏÛ ‚ [18] ‰Îfl
‰‚ÛÏÂÌ˚ı Á‡‰‡˜.
éÚÏÂÚËÏ, ˜ÚÓ ¯ÂÌË Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇ ‰Îfl ÓÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl Á‡ÌËχÂÚ ·óθ¯Û˛
˜‡ÒÚ¸ ‚ÂÏÂÌË Ò˜ÂÚ‡, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl ÏÓÊÂÚ ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÎflÚ¸ ÓÚ 60% ‰Ó 90% ÓÚ Ó·˘Â„Ó ‚ÂÏÂÌË ¯ÂÌËfl Á‡-
‰‡˜Ë, ‚ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚ Ú·ÛÂÏÓ„Ó ˜ËÒ· ËÚÂ‡ˆËÈ. èÓ˝ÚÓÏÛ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸ ‡ÒÔ‡‡ÎÎÂÎË‚‡ÌËfl
‚ÒÂ„Ó ‡Î„ÓËÚχ ÓÔ‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ‡ÒÔ‡‡ÎÎÂÎË‚‡ÌËfl ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇.

5. êÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚
ᇉ‡˜‡ Ó Ú˜ÂÌËË ‚ Í۷˘ÂÒÍÓÈ Í‡‚ÂÌÂ Ò ÔÓ‰‚ËÊÌÓÈ Í˚¯ÍÓÈ ¯‡Î‡Ò¸ ÔË ˜ËÒ·ı êÂÈ-
ÌÓθ‰Ò‡ Re = 100, Re = 1000 ̇ ‡‚ÌÓÏÂÌ˚ı ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÂÚ͇ı Ò Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚˚Ï ˜ËÒÎÓÏ ÛÁ-
ÎÓ‚ ÔÓ ‚ÒÂÏ ÚÂÏ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËflÏ N1 = N2 = N3 = Nh. èË Re = 100 ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÎËÒ¸ ÒÂÚÍË Ò ˜ËÒÎÓÏ
ÛÁÎÓ‚ Nh = 22 Ë Nh = 42, ÔË Re = 1000 ˜ËÒÎÓ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌ˚ı ÛÁÎÓ‚ ÒÂÚÍË ÔÓ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚Û ÒÓÒÚ‡‚-
ÎflÎÓ Nh = 42, Nh = 82 Ë Nh = 162. ÇÂ΢Ë̇ ¯‡„‡ ÔÓ ‚ÂÏÂÌË ∆t, Ò ÍÓÚÓ˚Ï ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÎÒfl ‡Ò˜ÂÚ,
ÌÓÏÂ ¯‡„‡ n Ë ÏÓÏÂÌÚ ‚ÂÏÂÌË t, ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÈ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌ˲ ÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇ÌÓ„Ó Ú˜ÂÌËfl, ÔË-
‚‰ÂÌ˚ ‚ Ú‡·ÎˈÂ. Ç˚˜ËÒÎÂÌËfl ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÎËÒ¸ ̇ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÏ ÍÓÏÔÎÂÍÒ åÇë-1000å ̇ Ó‰-
ÌÓÏ ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ ‰Îfl ÒÂÚÍË Ò ˜ËÒÎÓÏ ÛÁÎÓ‚ Nh = 22, ̇ ˜ÂÚ˚Âı ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı ‚ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ÒÂÚÍË Ò Nh = 42, ̇
16 ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı ‰Îfl ÒÂÚÍË Ò Nh = 82 Ë Ì‡ 25 ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı, ÂÒÎË Nh = 162.
ÑÎfl ‚‡ˇÌÚ‡ Re = 1000 ÔË Nh = 82 Ô˂‰ÂÌÓ ‚ÂÏfl Ò˜ÂÚ‡ Á‡‰‡˜Ë Ò ÓÒÚÓÏ ˜ËÒ· ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚.
ê‡Ò˜ÂÚ Ú˜ÂÌËfl ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÎÒfl ̇ 50 ‚ÂÏÂÌÌ ˚´ ı ÒÎÓflı. ÇÂÏfl Ò˜ÂÚ‡ ̇ ˜ÂÚ˚Âı ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı ÒÓÒÚ‡‚-
ÎflÎÓ 21.18 ÏËÌ, ̇ 16 ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı 5.69 ÏËÌ, ̇ 25 ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ‡ı 4.10 ÏËÌ. чθÌÂȯ ۂÂ΢ÂÌËÂ
˜ËÒ· ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚ ‚ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â Nh = 82 Ó͇Á˚‚‡ÎÓÒ¸ ̈ÂÎÂÒÓÓ·‡ÁÌ˚Ï. è‡ÍÚË͇ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ ÔÓ͇Á˚-
‚‡ÂÚ, ˜ÚÓ Û‚Â΢ÂÌË ˜ËÒ· ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ˚ı ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚ ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚÒfl ÓÔ‡‚‰‡ÌÌ˚Ï ‰Îfl ·Óθ¯Â„Ó
˜ËÒ· ‡Ò˜ÂÚÌ˚ı ÚÓ˜ÂÍ.
àÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ, ˜ÚÓ Ò ÓÒÚÓÏ ˜ËÒ· ‡Ò˜ÂÚÌ˚ı ÚÓ˜ÂÍ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸ ‡ÒÔ‡‡ÎÎÂÎË‚‡ÌËfl ‡Î„ÓËÚχ
̇ Á‡‰‡ÌÌÓ ˜ËÒÎÓ ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚ ‡ÒÚÂÚ, ‚ ÚÓ Ê ‚ÂÏfl Ò ÓÒÚÓÏ ˜ËÒ· ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚ ÔË ÙËÍÒËÓ-
‚‡ÌÌÓÏ ˜ËÒΠ‡Ò˜ÂÚÌ˚ı ÚÓ˜ÂÍ ˝Ú‡ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸ Ô‡‰‡ÂÚ (ÒÏ. [14], [17]). ÖÒÎË Ú·ÛÂÚÒfl ÔÓ‚Ó-
‰ËÚ¸ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ˚ ̇ ·ÓΠÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚ı ÒÂÚ͇ı Ë Ì‡ ·Óθ¯ÂÏ ˜ËÒΠÔÓˆÂÒÒÓÓ‚, ÚÓ ‰Îfl ‡ÒÔ‡‡ÎÎÂÎË-
‚‡ÌËfl ‡Î„ÓËÚχ ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ MICCG(0) ÒΉÛÂÚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ‰Û„Ë ÒÔÓÒÓ·˚ ÛÔÓfl‰Ó˜ÂÌËfl ÌÂËÁ‚Â-
ÒÚÌ˚ı ËÎË ¯‡Ú¸ ˝ÎÎËÔÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ Û‡‚ÌÂÌË ԇ‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚Ï ‚‡ˇÌÚÓÏ ÔÓÔÂÂÏÂÌÌÓ-
ÚÂÛ„ÓθÌÓ„Ó ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ ‰Îfl ÚÂıÏÂÌ˚ı Á‡‰‡˜ [21] Ò „ÛÎflËÁ‡ÚÓÓÏ.
ç‡ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘Ëı ËÒÛÌ͇ı Ô˂‰ÂÌ˚ ÎËÌËË ÚÓ͇ Ë ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ‚ ÚÂı
ˆÂÌÚ‡Î¸Ì˚ı Ò˜ÂÌËflı ͇‚ÂÌ˚ Ò ÍÓÓ‰Ë̇ڇÏË z = 0.5 (ÙË„. 3‡), x = 0.5 (ÙË„. 3·) Ë y = 0.5
(ÙË„. 3‚). Ç ‰‡ÌÌÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜Â Ò˜ÂÌË z = 0.5 Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚ¸ ÒËÏÏÂÚËË. ç‡ ÙË„. 4–6
Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ͇ÚËÌ˚ Ú˜ÂÌËfl ÊˉÍÓÒÚË ‚ Û͇Á‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò˜ÂÌËflı, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌ˚ ‰Îfl ˜ËÒ· Re = 100
̇ ÒÂÚÍ Nh = 22, ‡ ËÏÂÌÌÓ ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ux, uy Ë ÎËÌËË ÚÓ͇ ‚ Ò˜ÂÌËË z = 0.5 ̇ ÙË„. 4,

퇷Îˈ‡
Re Nh ∆t n t
100 22 0.002 3764 7.53
42 0.0025 3038 7.59
1000 42 0.001 29666 29.67
82 0.002 16329 32.66
162 0.002 16428 32.86

ÜìêçÄã ÇõóàëãàíÖãúçéâ åÄíÖåÄíàäà à åÄíÖåÄíàóÖëäéâ îàáàäà      ÚÓÏ 43      ‹ 3      2003

 óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü 461

Y Y Y
(‡) (·) (‚)

X X X

Z Z Z

îË„. 3.

y
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 0.5 1.0
x

îË„. 4.

ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË uy, uz Ë ÎËÌËË ÚÓ͇ ‚ Ò˜ÂÌËË x = 0.5 ̇ ÙË„. 5, ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ux, uz
Ë ÎËÌËË ÚÓ͇ ‚ Ò˜ÂÌËË y = 0.5 ̇ ÙË„. 6. Ç ˝ÚÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ‚ ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËË z
χÎ˚ Ë, ÌÂÒÏÓÚfl ̇ ÒÎÓÊÌÛ˛ ͇ÚËÌÛ Ú˜ÂÌËfl ‚ ӷ·ÒÚË, ‚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÒËÏÏÂÚËË z = 0.5 ‚ˉÌÓ
ıÓӯ ÒÓ‚Ô‡‰ÂÌËÂ Ò ÂÁÛθڇڇÏË ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ ˝ÚÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜Ë ‚ ‰‚ÛÏÂÌÓÈ ÔÓ‰ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í [9]. Ç Û͇Á‡Ì-
Ì˚ı Ò˜ÂÌËflı ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ Á‡‰‡˜Ë ̇ ÒÂÚ͇ı Ò N = 22 Ë N = 42 Ó˜Â̸ ·ÎËÁÍË.
ç‡ ÙË„. 7–9 Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ÎËÌËË ÚÓ͇ ‚ ‡Ì‡Îӄ˘Ì˚ı Ò˜ÂÌËflı ‰Îfl ˜ËÒ· Re = 1000 ̇ ÒÂÚÍÂ
Nh = 82. Ç ‰‚Ûı ÔÓÒΉÌËı Ò˜ÂÌËflı Ò ÓÒÚÓÏ ˜ËÒ· Re ‚ˉÌÓ ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ÛÒÎÓÊÌÂÌË ͇ÚËÌ˚
Ú˜ÂÌËfl, Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌÓÂ Ò Ó·‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ı ËÒÚÓ˜ÌËÍÓ‚ Ë ÒÚÓÍÓ‚ ‚ ˝ÚËı ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚflı. èË
‰‡Î¸ÌÂȯÂÏ ÓÒÚ ˜ËÒ· Re Ú˜ÂÌË ‡Á·Ë‚‡ÂÚÒfl ̇ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ ‚Ëı‚˚ı fl˜ÂÂÍ, ÍÓÚÓ˚ ÔË
‰‡Î¸ÌÂȯÂÏ Û‚Â΢ÂÌËË ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ÔÓ‰‚ËÊÌÓÈ Í˚¯ÍË ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚flÚÒfl ÌÂÛÒÚÓȘ˂˚ÏË.
ÑÎfl Re = 100 Ë 1000 ͇ÚËÌ˚ ‡ÒÚÂ͇ÌËfl ÊˉÍÓÒÚË Ì‡ ‰ÓÌÌÓÈ (y ≈ 0), ·ÓÍÓ‚ÓÈ (z ≈ 0 Ë z ≈ 1),
ÔÂ‰ÌÂÈ (x ≈ 1) Ë Á‡‰ÌÂÈ (x ≈ 0) „‡Ìflı ͇‚ÂÌ˚ Ô‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË Ë‰ÂÌÚ˘Ì˚ Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚Ï ‚ ‡·Ó-
ÚÂ [4].
ç‡ ÙË„. 10–14 ‰Îfl Re = 1000 Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ Ó‰ÌÓÏÂÌ˚ ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚÂÈ,
‡ÒÒ˜ËÚ‡ÌÌ˚ ̇ ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚË Ò„Û˘‡˛˘ËıÒfl ÒÂÚÓÍ. ëÔÎÓ¯Ì˚ ÎËÌËË ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛Ú ‡Ò-

ÜìêçÄã ÇõóàëãàíÖãúçéâ åÄíÖåÄíàäà à åÄíÖåÄíàóÖëäéâ îàáàäà      ÚÓÏ 43      ‹ 3      2003

462 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

z
1.0

0.9

0.8

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0.1

0 0.5 1.0
y

îË„. 5.

z
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 0.5 1.0
y

îË„. 6.

˜ÂÚ‡Ï Ò Nh = 162, ¯ÚËıÓ‚˚ – ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡Ï Ò Nh = 82, ¯ÚËıÔÛÌÍÚË – ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡Ï Ò Nh = 42. 燄Îfl‰ÌÓ

ÔÓÒÎÂÊË‚‡ÂÚÒfl ÒıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ¯ÂÌËfl ÔË Ò„Û˘ÂÌËË ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍË.
Ç ˜‡ÒÚÌÓÒÚË, ̇ ÙË„. 10, 11 Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ‚ÂÚË͇θÌÓÈ Ë „ÓËÁÓÌڇθÌÓÈ ÒÓ-
ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘Ëı ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ‚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÒËÏÏÂÚËË Í‡‚ÂÌ˚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ‰Îfl ux(y) ÔË z = 0.5, x = 0.5 Ë
uy(x) ÔË z = 0.5, y = 0.5. ì͇Á‡ÌÌ˚ ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌ˚ ̇ ÒÂÚÍ Nh = 82, ıÓÓ¯Ó ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚ-
ÒÚ‚Û˛Ú Ô˂‰ÂÌÌ˚Ï ‚ [2] Ë [4], ‡ÒÒ˜ËÚ‡ÌÌ˚ÏË Ì‡ ÌÂ‡‚ÌÓÏÂÌ˚ı Ò„Û˘‡˛˘ËıÒfl Í „‡Ìˈ‡Ï Ó·-

ÜìêçÄã ÇõóàëãàíÖãúçéâ åÄíÖåÄíàäà à åÄíÖåÄíàóÖëäéâ îàáàäà      ÚÓÏ 43      ‹ 3      2003

 óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü 463

y
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x

îË„. 7.

z
1.0

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0.1

0 0.5 1.0
y

îË„. 8.

·ÒÚË ÒÂÚ͇ı Ò ˜ËÒÎÓÏ ÛÁÎÓ‚ ~6 × 104. ç‡ ÙË„. 12–14 Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË ux, uy Ë uz ÓÚ z ÔË
x = 0.5, y = 0.5. ÇˉÌÓ, ˜ÚÓ ÔÓÂ͈ËË ÒÍÓÓÒÚÂÈ ‚ ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËË z ̇ ÔÓfl‰ÓÍ ÏÂ̸¯Â, ˜ÂÏ ÔÓÂ͈ËË
ÒÍÓÓÒÚÂÈ ‚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÒËÏÏÂÚËË Á‡‰‡˜Ë. ÇÂ΢ËÌ˚ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ‚ ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËË z ÒËθÌ Á‡‚ËÒflÚ
ÓÚ ¯‡„‡ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÒÂÚÍË, ˜ÂÏ ÒÍÓÓÒÚË ‚ ÔÎÓÒÍÓÒÚË ÒËÏÏÂÚËË.

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464 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

z
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 0.5 1.0
x

îË„. 9.

ux
uy
1.0
0.2
0.8
0.1
0.6
0
0.4
–1.0
0.2 –0.2
0 –0.3

–0.2 –0.4
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
y x

îË„. 10. îË„. 11.

è˂‰ÂÌÌ˚ ӉÌÓÏÂÌ˚ „‡ÙËÍË ÏÓ„ÛÚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸Òfl ‰Îfl ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂ-

ÌËfl ÂÁÛθڇÚÓ‚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ Á‡‰‡˜Ë Ó Ú˜ÂÌËË ‚ ÚÂıÏÂÌÓÈ Í‡‚ÂÌÂ, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌ˚ı ̇ ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ‡Á΢-
Ì˚ı ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ı ‡Î„ÓËÚÏÓ‚.
á‡ÏÂÚËÏ, ˜ÚÓ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚È ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ ¯ÂÌËfl Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ ç‡‚¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡, Ëϲ˘ËÈ Ó·˘Ë ˜Â-
Ú˚ Ò ÓÔËÒ‡ÌÌ˚Ï ‚˚¯Â, ·˚Î ÔËÏÂÌÂÌ ‚ ‡·ÓÚ‡ı Ä.à. î‰ÓÒ‚‡ [5] ‰Îfl ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ fl‰‡ Ú˜ÂÌËÈ, ‚
ÚÓÏ ˜ËÒΠÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇ÌÓ„Ó Ú˜ÂÌËfl ‚ ͇‚ÂÌ ÔË ·Óθ¯Ëı ˜ËÒ·ı êÂÈÌÓθ‰Ò‡ ‚ÔÎÓÚ¸ ‰Ó Re = 4000.
éÒÌӂ̇fl ˉÂfl ˝ÚÓ„Ó ‡Î„ÓËÚχ Á‡Íβ˜‡Î‡Ò¸ ‚ „ÛÎflËÁ‡ˆËË Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl ÌÂ‡Á˚‚ÌÓÒÚË ÒËÒÚÂ-
Ï˚ 燂¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡ ÔÛÚÂÏ Ô˂‰ÂÌËfl Â„Ó Í ‚Ë‰Û (1.1), „‰Â ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ˚ ‚ÂÍÚÓ‡ w ‚˚˜ËÒÎflÎËÒ¸ ͇Í
wk = τ∇kp. ÇÒ ÓÒڇθÌ˚ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl 燂¸Â–ëÚÓÍÒ‡ Á‡ÔËÒ˚‚‡ÎËÒ¸ ‚ Ú‡‰ËˆËÓÌÌÓÏ ‚ˉÂ, ·ÂÁ ËÁÏÂ-
ÌÂÌËÈ. ç‡ Ú‚Â‰ÓÈ ÒÚÂÌÍ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÎÓÒ¸ „‡Ì˘ÌÓ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ë ‰Îfl ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚ˉ‡ ∂p/∂n = 0. ùÚÓÚ

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 óàëãÖççéÖ åéÑÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ íÖóÖçàü 465

ux uy
0.005 0.05
0
–0.005 0.04

–0.010
0.03
–0.015
–0.020
0.02
–0.025
–0.030
0.01
–0.035
–0.040
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
z z

îË„. 12. îË„. 13.

uz
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
–0.01
–0.02
–0.03
–0.04
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
z

îË„. 14.

ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎËÎ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ ÏÓ‰ÂÎËÓ‚‡Ú¸ ‡ÒÒÏÓÚÂÌÌ˚ Ú˜ÂÌËfl ̇ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ „Û·˚ı ÒÂÚ-

͇ı.

áÄäãûóÖçàÖ
Ç Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÈ ‡·ÓÚ Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÏÓ‰ÂÎËÓ‚‡ÌËfl ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı
Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ͇‚ÂÌ ̇ ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ äÉÑ-Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ, Á‡ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓÈ ‚ ˝ÈÎÂÓ‚ÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ ÍÓÓ‰Ë-
̇Ú. ÑÎfl ¯ÂÌËfl ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌÓÈ ‚ ÂÁÛθڇÚ ‡ÔÔÓÍÒËχˆËË ‡ÁÌÓÒÚÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ Û‡‚ÌÂÌËÈ Ô‰-
ÎÓÊÂÌ ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓÈ ‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË, ÍÓÚÓ˚È ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎËÎ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ ¯ËÚ¸ Á‡‰‡˜Û ̇
Í·ÒÚÂÌÓÈ ‚˚˜ËÒÎËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ. ÑÎfl ¯ÂÌËfl ‚ÚÓÓÈ Í‡Â‚ÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜Ë ‰Îfl ÚÂıÏÂÌÓ„Ó
Û‡‚ÌÂÌËfl èÛ‡ÒÒÓ̇ Ô‰ÎÓÊÂÌ Ë ‡ÎËÁÓ‚‡Ì Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌ˚È ‚‡ˇÌÚ ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ MICCG(0). èË‚Â-
‰ÂÌ˚ ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ‡Ò˜ÂÚÓ‚ ‰Îfl ˜ËÒÂÎ êÂÈÌÓθ‰Ò‡ Re = 100 Ë 1000. èÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌ˚ ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ ÂÁÛθ-
Ú‡Ú˚ ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ Ò Ëϲ˘ËÏËÒfl ‚ ÎËÚÂ‡ÚÛ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ÏË. èÓ‰ÂÏÓÌÒÚËÓ‚‡Ì‡ ÒıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ˜ËÒ-
ÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ¯ÂÌËfl ÔÓ ÒÂÚÍÂ.
è˂‰ÂÌÌ˚ ÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ÏÓ„ÛÚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸Òfl ‰Îfl ÚÂÒÚËÓ‚‡ÌËfl ˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ı ‡Î„ÓËÚÏÓ‚
‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ ÚÂıÏÂÌ˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ. èÓÒÚÓÂÌÌ˚È ‡Î„ÓËÚÏ ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎËÚ Á‡ ‡θÌÓ ‚ÂÏfl ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸
‡Ò˜ÂÚ˚ ÚÂıÏÂÌ˚ı ÌÂÒÚ‡ˆËÓ̇Ì˚ı Ú˜ÂÌËÈ ‚ ÔflÏÓÛ„ÓθÌ˚ı ӷ·ÒÚflı.

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466 ÖãàáÄêéÇÄ, åàãûäéÇÄ

ëèàëéä ãàíÖêÄíìêõ
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‚˚ Â„Ó ÔËÏÂÌÂÌËfl // ËÌÙÓχˆËÓÌÌÓ-‡Ì‡ÎËÚ˘. ÊÛ̇Πç‡Û͇ Ë ÔÓÏ-ÒÚ¸ êÓÒÒËË. 2001. ‹ 11(55).
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