Magnetic Forces

Force
moving point charge 1
on a

In electric field E a
charge a'experiences
a
force E even if the charge Q'is stationary
or
moving This force due to electric field
ie Fie On E CN

In magnetic field
charge on experiences a
a

force only if the charge is moving

Let this for e be Eni
Eni Or Ex B CN where it is the velocity
of charge Q
and B is magnetic
flux density

floater
If particle carrying a charge Q andes
a
with velocity Td in a region where
moving
both electric and magnetic field is present
This particle eaperiences a force
Ee Fin E a u B N
ACE taxis N

If the charge is having a mass m then

E mat m taxis n
daff
Example 1
A point charge a 1.2C has velocity
Td 5aI 2ay 3a z Find the magnitude
m s
of the force exerted on the charge if
E 18ate 5ay 1093 Ym
B 4 AT 4Ay t 3 at CT
Both are present simultaneously

Solution Electric force Ee a

1 2x C 18 at stay 1052
21.6 Asi Gay 12az CN

IFI 1 121.6217
62 25.4271k
First Or UXB
Magnetic Force
i 2
Tidt2ay
3aiEfxf4aeTthayt3aIJe
ai ai ai
i.z 2 3 21.6Asi 3 Gaj
15 33 6 AT Cal
4 y 3

I Fm I 21.6 3 G t 33 62 40.105cm

The Total Force E Fie FTS

l barf 6ay t 1251 t 21.6 3 6ay
33.697

2.4 ay 21.6 AT

IF I 12 ir 2fh 2t 732 N
Force on a differential current element

Consider conductor where the charges

a

are
moving with a velocity
The differential force due to differential
charge element which is moving in a velocityFe
is d da Texts
he do it xD sine doe fu die
die fate xD
die 5 57 5 fate
I do B where J is the
current density
Idle kids DI
J I I are volume surface line current density

DF I do xD
K des XB
Id Lx
DI Idf xB
E
F
g IDE XT
BIL Sino
1
Example 2 A conductor of length 2.5M in 2 0
and 2 4 m carries a current of 12A
in ay direction Calculate the uniform
the the force
flux density in
region
2
if
on the conductor is 12 10 N in the
direction
faifaat
Solution let D Beast Byauf Beat
E I dI B x total length
2 a
Given 12 10 L za
I 12A dI ay I

2
12 10 fi2ay 2 5
XLBxai Byay Bz.AT

i 0.0848 Ate 0.0848 AT

30 ay x xAsi By ay tBzaI
3 3
r 2.826 10 ax 2.826 10 AI Bx Bz ATE

comparing the components

3 3
Bx 2.826 0 Bz 2.826 10
10 By
3 3
i B 2 826 10 ate t 2.826 10 AT T
IFforcebetweendifferentialcurrentelements i
Consider two current elements
Iidhi and Izatt's as shown in figure

i mi
The force exerted an element I DI due to
DBT produced
magnetic field by 22dB is
d da Since both currents are in same direction
this is an attractive force
w k t IF I d LxB
d dfi z d Exd.FI
However AFI pro delta pro IadLTxar
Z
417 R2
n
d DTI I DLT xµoIzdLIxa
MIT Raf
Mo I Iz dheXdL2X Arm
471 12212
i FT pro Ii Iz
g yd4xdL2xarz

1111L FT Mo Ii Ia
4
4h dh2Xd4XAriz
it can be observed that
IT FI g
 10 aid A.m 4
Example 3 A current element Ii du
is located at P 2,0 o and another current
element
G
Ladle lo CAI 2a 352 3 AM is locatedat
y
Pz C 40,0
Find the force exerted as 12dL by 4dL
and
Force exerted on 11dL by Ladle

Solution Forde exerted on I dLz by Lidl

is d DFI Iz dis x ATB
Mo Is In dLzxd4 KARR
UT Riz

fhozzdhzXIidhlXARIH.TL
Rid
RTI C2 2 ate Co o ay Co o art
4 ax
ARTE asf 11274 4

b
d dFe Mo lo af Jay 382 454are
x C ai

b
Mo lo I iz
4 2 I
4 1 2
Magnetic boundary conditions 1
Wonder to
at the
analyse the
we
behaviour of magneticr fields
consider both BT and Tt
boundary
we will courider the tangential and normal component
and II inorder to study its behaviour at boundary of
Corridor the boundary between to materials with permeability
plc and M2
Hai
B us Kow7lb
B in
Eyton d
a Closed
path
hauesianSurface

infants
To find the normal component we courider a Gaussian
surface which is a cylinder whose height 5 oh and the
area of top and bottom surface is 05 Tophalfportion of the cylinder
is in medium L and remaining is in medium 2 as shown in figure
Gauss Law for magnetic field is GBDJ o

B'rdf ftp.dst
top
gngIrandJtfBdJ
side

Fon top and bottom surface

fB DJ Binds since only normal
component is
for the radial side surface fried o applicable in dot
product

ofBirds BMUS BN205 Banos for topsurface

BN205 for bottom surface
r Braids BN20
or BNL BN 2y
Since TB MTI M HM plz HN2

HIaEI
Boundaryconditionfortangentialcomponent
We consider Amperian path a b e d to find the
relation between tangential components

According to Amperes circuital Lane

II DI HIDE II dit HIDE c DIDI

faitDI e fait DI L

Since ou is very small the above equation deduces to

fab It fed II DI I K UW K surface current

density
W surface area
overthe length a b and C d
components exists
only tangential
Hence we can write
Httow Htz ow Kow Htcow due to toppath
Htzow dueto bottom
pan
HtHz1
Btm Btm I
 Magnetization
In any magnetic material the rotation of the electron
electron spine and the revolution of electrons Cnuclear
spin will generate a magnetic field
This movement of electrons generates bound current Ib and
such a magnetic field is called Magnetization in
The bound current is also called as Amperian current
The bound current Ib circulates in a closed path
enclosing a differential area ds
Magnetic dipole moment in Itself
In a volume of OU if there are n magnetic dipoles
then the total magnetic dipole moment mtmd i
not
qm
Magnetization NT Lt
oo o If I
i 1
mi

In a material with no eaternal magnetic field the

Magnetization is
zero due to the random orientation of
magnetic dipole moment How ever with external field the dipole
moment is aligned
misbds consider a differential oohune DI DI
die there are nets AT magnetic moments in thisvolume
Ib under the external magnetic field the
the random orientation changes to partial
alignment of magnetic moments
Due to this there will be an increase in bound current Ib

dIb nIb DI DI TH DI
Ils fdIb Mardi
The total current is the sumof conduction current acids
bound current
ie IT It Ib
Hence from Amperes circuital Lane Herdt It Ib
g
IT OfBMI DI

ofBfi dI
7
Is IT Ib
fm DE
 coffin m de
comparing with ACL we can write

II BIM Ni BT proc NT

For linear isotropic magnetic materials

M XmH where Im Magitic
Susceptibility
r BT NoCHT Xm MoatXm H
For
any magnetic material M Mohr
i Mr Clt Xm
Example 4 criven magneticflux density 18 0.05 x Aef CT in
a material foe which Xm 2.5

find a Mr b M c IF d NT e F and
f Fb
Given Xm 2 5
a Mr It Xm 1 2.5 35
6
b µ a proper MAX 10 7 3.5 4.3982 10 HIM

e HT B Moµ 0.05 113682 103 R Ay Alm

4 3982 10 6
d Magnetization NT Xm 2.5 11.3682 103 Kaif
28.42 103 I Ay Afm
e The current density 57 0 17 Jia Tuf AI
Max Hay 2122
11 3682 18 AZ Alm2 O 11.31031 0

at at at
f Bound current density T.ba exits x 424 422 28.42 103EIA
O 2843103 0
IMagneh.ccir.cm
circuit is the path
en't
a R magnetic
R tanned bmfm.thfcmgwnkcmoek.FI
in the driving
force force
Magneticcircutt
Electrician
Resistance R emf_ Reluctance R Mmf
current II OT
d d
5
current density F oE Flux density BT putt

am em os
Permeability
Electric fried conductivity H Magnetic field
intensity
intern
conductance G Permeance D 1
Yg IR

Energy scored in Magnetic Field1

conducting sheet1
on a Energy stored in

17
02 an inductor
DTH
57
wm Yz LI
conducting sheet2
TT
12
B
The inductance Ah
Iq B0k0Z_
OI
MH0k0Z_
OI
However 03 Hoy
Wn Yz GL 022 If.MH0kd2_ Hoy
Hoy
2 µ HEokay02 2 µH OO
uem ht 0W
or 70 27m3
yzmHHI.kz Y5

Wm Juem die