IDU: Treaty Preparation

Nuclear
Proliferation

Interdisciplinary
Unit
2019-2020
~Shishir, Vishrut, Vivek, Rithaika, Deesha, and Tvisha
Political:
-Treaties like MAD have proven to be instrumental in containing the carnage
with respect to nuclear warfare.

-Changing the laws of existing bodies will be a long and tedious process,
instead imposing laws from a foreign, non-governmental yet credible body
like the UN is the best way to move forward in terms of the ratification of
charters and laws that pertain to the imposition of limiting the use of nuclear
energy, in particular nuclear warfare.

-The first step to moving towards this to abolish away the Veto system. This is
obvious as the countries with Veto power are far ahead in terms of the
manufacturing and deployment of nuclear tests. As a result, their vote will not
be in the affirmative and this can be detrimental to the vision if they have
possession of veto power.

-A system like MAD will not work if implemented due to the current
socio-political scenario. Instead, charters should exercise more control by
making concrete laws and conventions like the Geneva convention.

-The Geneva convention was a success because it was ratified by 196

countries including all 196 members states that at that point in time.

-Essentially the reason it was a success was that it was established as a result
of international cooperation.

-The following are the ways the charter can be imposing.

-​International Consensus
International consensus will indirectly allow imposing a fixed set of rules on
the country to obey the particular laws. If the countries fail to do so then they
will be looked down upon in the international community.
Despite their hypocrisy countries do not want to be tagged as violating basic
policies and not being humanitarian in any way. An international consensus is
not something that can be imposed easily as each country has its set of ideas
that are embedded in the constitution and the social norms of the society.

Under section Act A 1

Urge countries to prioritize international consensus as for the foremost and
most important priority. This can be done by;
-Establishing workshops across the education sector that highlights the
importance of international consensus.
-These workshops should be funded and sponsored by the education ministry of
the respective government.
-NGOs across the countries should be allocated funds to establish this as well.

Act A 2
-​Establish MNCs and international schools in the country to inculcate other
cultures of other countries.
-This will help the citizens to be more open-minded and will help them interact
with various cultures and societies.
-This will help build international consensus.

-Limiting nuclear arms

Under limiting nuclear arms there will be focus towards the research and
development process towards the manufacturing and testing end of it.
Act B 1
-​Make a concrete limit on the tests run in a year. The tests will not be based on
the frequency, rather the test should be based upon the extraction and emission
that can be withheld before reaching levels of radiation that are toxic.

Act B 2
-​Governments should not fund R and D sectors that are devoted towards the
development towards arms and ammunition, rather they should allocate these
funds to optimize the process of the generation, distribution and transmission of
nuclear energy.

-Oath of peace

The main idea behind this treaty is to avoid the usage of nuclear energy for the
purpose of mass destruction. To influence the citizens of any given country,
the political and socio-economic stance of the leaders is of utmost importance.
It is imperative that all world leaders give the right message to their citizens.
Hence each world leader should give a speech before he takes office or before
he is elected.

Act C1
-Talk about the global energy scenario and weigh out the pros and cons of them.
-Urge scientific institutions to develop resources towards finding more feasible
and eco-friendly alternatives to nuclear energy. Re-allocate excess funds
towards helping the economically unstable sector of society.

Act C 2
-​Make sure that all television networks broadcast this speech, without any
interruptions.
-Arrange viewing arenas that are exclusively funded by governmental
organizations wherein citizens can come and watch the address as a public
platform.

Involvement of the UN
-Despite the fact that the UN is a non-governmental organization, a resolution
should be passed in the UNSC, UNHRC and WHO regarding the large scale
impacts of rapid nuclearization.

● The nuclear facilities should be limited to a headquarters and consulting

branch.
● The consulting branches should not be allowed to run tests.
● The following are the measures that were taken before. The next acts
will be mainly geared towards finding the shortcomings and limitations
of the existing treaty.

Environmental​:
- Nuclear weapons pose an immensely alarming threat to our
environment. From past experiences and research are done by
scientists, they have confirmed that even a small scale attack can have
detrimental lasting impacts on the environment.
- With global warming and climate change on the rise, nuclear weapons
pose a major threat to our overall environmental stability and well
being.
- The heart of a nuclear explosion reaches extremely high temperatures
of approximately several million degrees centigrade.
- Even before detonation, the manufacturing side of nuclear weapons also
causes a great deal of radioactive waste that ends up in the ocean, soil,
and rivers. Even with all of the cleanup projects that happen, there is no
way to completely eradicate the lasting mark it leaves on our
atmosphere.
- One deadly nuclear blast is enough to tear a huge chunk of our world to
shreds.
Act D 1
- We urge countries to use pollution control methods such as wet scrubbing,
electrostatic precipitators, and mechanical filtration in order to minimize
solid particulate waste that is emitted from industries and nuclear
weapon manufacturing facilities

Act D 2
- Carbon taxes will be imposed on factories that don’t abide by the
requirements stated in the Kyoto Protocol

Act E 1
- We request nations to halt the extraction of radioactive elements like
Plutonium, Uranium, etc. to prevent the production of lethal nuclear
weapons and to minimize the exploitation of our Earth’s resources

Act F 1
- We urge all the nations, nuclearized and non- nuclearized, to form a
sustainable organization which will aid in the disposal and secure
management of nuclear waste

Notable accidents
January 21, 1968: the 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash involved a United States
Air Force (USAF) B-52 bomber. The aircraft was carrying four hydrogen
bombs when a cabin fire forced the crew to abandon the aircraft. Six crew
members ejected safely, but one who did not have an ejection seat was killed
while trying to bail out.

The bomber crashed into sea ice in Greenland, causing the nuclear payload to
rupture and disperse, which resulted in widespread radioactive
contamination.
Economical:
Act G 1
- We urge nuclearised nations to halt their spread of nuclearization
through trade relations that might affect non-nuclearised nations and
boost economic output
Act G 2
- We suggest nuclearised nations halt any sort of bilateral talks that might
result in nuclearisation.
Act H 1
- We request nations to minimize the extraction of uranium, plutonium, etc
as this will result in minimization of importing and exporting between
nuclearised and non-nuclearised nations
Act H 2
- We urge nuclearised nations to remove the concept of allocating funds
towards aiding nuclearization

Ethical Concerns:
- The public became concerned about nuclear weapons testing from
about 1954, following extensive nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean. In
1961, at the height of the Cold War, about 50,000 women brought
together by Women Strike for Peace marched in 60 cities in the United
States to demonstrate against nuclear weapons.
- In 1963, many countries ratified the Partial Test Ban Treaty which
prohibited atmospheric nuclear testing.
- Some local opposition to nuclear power emerged in the early 1960s, and
in the late 1960s, some members of the scientific community began to
express their concerns. In the early 1970s, there were large protests
about a proposed nuclear power plant in Wyhl, Germany.
- The project was canceled in 1975 and anti-nuclear success at Wyhl
inspired opposition to nuclear power in other parts of Europe and North
America. Nuclear power became an issue of major public protest in the
1970s.