Theriaca andromachi or Venice Treacle contained 64 ingredients.

In addition to viper flesh and

opium, it included cinnamon, agarics and gum arabic. The ingredients were pulverized and
reduced to an electuary with honey.

The following ingredients for the theriac were taken from the Amsterdammer Apotheek (1683)
and translated from the old Latin names into the Latin names now used where possible [18] Not
all ingredients are known, and identifications and assignments below are tentative.

Roots: Iris, Balsamorhiza deltoidea, Potentilla reptans (creeping cinquefoil), Rheum

rhabarbarum (garden rhubarb), Zingiber officinale, Angustifolia odorata, Gentiana, Meum
athamanticum (spignel), Valeriana, Corydalis cava (hollowroot), glycyrrhiza 11

Stems and barks: Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Cinnamomum aromaticum (cassia) 2

Leaves: Teucrium scordium (water germander), Fraxinus excelsior, Clinopodium calamintha

(lesser calamint), Marrubium vulgare (white or common horehound), Cymbopogon citratus
(West-Indian lemongrass), Teucrium chamaedrys (wall germander), Cupressasae, Laurus nobilis
(bay laurel), Polium montanum, Cytinus hypocistis 11

Flowers: Rosa, Crocus sativus, Lavandula stoechas (French lavender), Lavandula angustifolia
(common or English lavender), Centaurea minoris 5

Fruits and seeds: Brassica napus (rapeseed), Petroselinum (parsley), Nigella sativa, Pimpinella
anisum (anise), Elettaria cardamomum, Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Hypericum perforatum (St.
John's wort), seseli, thlaspi, Daucus carota (carrot), Piper nigrum (black pepper), Piper longum
(long pepper), Juniperus (juniper), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Canary Island wine, Agaricus
15

Gums, oils and resins: Acaciae (acacia), Styrax benzoin, Gummi arabicum, Sagapeni (wax of
an unknown tree, possibly some kind of Ferula), Gummi Opopanax chironium, Gummi Ferula
foetida, Commiphora (a tree from which myrrh is derived), incense, Turpentine from Cyprus, oil
from Myristica fragans (nutmeg), Papaver somniverum (opium poppy) 10

Animal parts and products: Castoreum, Trochisci Viperarum, Narbonne white honey 3

Mineral substances: Boli armen. verae, Chalciditis (copper-containing substance), Dead sea
bitumen 4

http://www.santharia.com/dev/index.php?topic=11395.0;wap2
Theriaca Andromachi Senioris

The following ingredients for theriac were taken from d'Amsterdammer Apotheek 1686 and
translated from the old Latin names into the Latin names now used where possible. Not all
ingredients are known.

Roots:
iris,
Balsamorhiza Deltoidea,
Potentilla reptans (creeping cinquefoil),
Rheum rhabarbarum (garden rhubarb),
Zingiber, Angustafolia odorata,
Gentiana, Meum Athamanticum (spignel),
Valeriana, Corydalis cava (hollowroot),
Agaricus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon),
Cinnamomum aromaticum (cassia)

Leaves:
Teucrium scordium (water germander),
Franxinus excelsior,
Clinopodium calamintha (lesser calamint),
Marrubium vulgare (white or common horehound),
Cymbopogon citratus (West-Indian lemongrass),
Teucrium chamaedrys (wall germander),
Cupressasae, Laurus nobilis (bay laurel),
Polium montanum, Piper nigrum (black pepper),
Piper longum (long pepper),
Juniperus (juniper),
Syzygium aromaticum (clove)

Flowers:
Rosa,
Crocus sativus,
Lavandula stoechas (French lavender),
Cenetaurii minoris

Seeds:
Brassica napus (rapeseed),
Petroselinum (parsley),
Nigella sativa,
Pimpinella anisum (anise),
Elettaria cardamomum,
Foeniculum vulgare (fennel),
Hypericum perforatum (st. john's wort),
seseli, thlaspi,
Daucus carota (carrot),
Lavandula angustifolia (common or English lavender),
Papaver somniverum (opium poppy),
glycyrrhiza,
Cytinus hypocistis,
Acaciae (acacia),
Styrax benzoin,
Gummi arabicum,
Sagapeni (wax of an unknown tree probably some kind of Ferula),
Gummi Opopanax chironium,
Gummi Ferula foetida,
Dead sea bitumen,
Commiphora (a tree from which myrrh is derived),
incense,
Turpentine from Cyprus,
Boli armen. Verae (some kind of red clay),
Chalciditis (copper containing substance),
Castoreum, oil from Myristica fragans (nutmeg),
Trochisci Viperarum,
Magmatis Hedychroi,
Canary Island wine,
Narbonne white honey

---------------------------------------------

Whew! Plenty to work with there....

Bard Judith:
Medicinal substances were divided into four categories: plants, animals, minerals, and mixed
substances. Materials were only listed if they were mentioned in more than one source. All are
listed in tables which include their common and Latin names (where applicable), main medicinal
use, and references. A total of 234 plants were identified, including wild and cultivated plants,
spices, and some poisonous plants. Examples include onion (Allium cepa), aloe (Aloe vera),
borage (Anchusa sp.), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), tarragon (Artemesia dracunculus),
chicory (Cichorium intybus), horsetail (Equisetum arvense), opium poppy (Papaver
somniferum), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), henna (Lawsonia inermis), mesquite (Prosopis
juliflora), pomegranate (Punica granatum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and ginger
(Zingiber officinale). Twenty-seven substances of animal origin were identified, involving
mainly the animal's whole body, but sometimes the simply ashes or excrement. These included
honey from bees (actually, a plant product from flower nectar), coral, lice, hen, human urine,
frog, and cuttle fish. The use of minerals reached its zenith in Arab culture and 15 were
identified including arsenic, galena, hematite, iron, lead, sulphur, and zinc. Ten other mixed
materials were identified and include flower water, Cruciferae oil, balsam of Jerusalem, potash,
soap, and treacle (theriac).

Bard Judith:
(castor oil, cinnamon, frankincense, ginger, honey, myrrh, pepper, saffron)
2 oz opium
2 oz myrrh
2 oz frankincense
1 1/2 oz spikenard
1 oz saffron
1 oz agaric
1 oz ginger
1 oz crushed cinnamon
1 tablespoon pepper
1 oz gentian
the dried flesh of 1 viper (approx 2 oz)
1 oz Malabathrum
1 cup castor oil
1 cup honey