University of Waterloo

Department of Chemical Engineering

A Report on

Linear adiabatic CSTR model

Student Name: Jay Parekh

ID Number: 20801560

Email ID: jp2parekh@uwaterloo.ca

CHE 624 Advance Dynamics Control

Date of submission: 03-Apr.-2019

 Adiabatic CSTR Model
AB

1. State Space Model:

 Controlled variable: Tc, Tf, Caf

 States: T, Ca

2. Adiabatic CSTR Model equations:

𝑑Ca 𝑞
= (Caf - Ca) + k0* Ca …………………………(1)
𝑑𝑡 𝑉
dT 𝑞 𝑈𝐴 𝑚∆𝐻
= (T
𝑉 f
- T) + (Tc - T) + k0* Ca ……………(2)
dt 𝑉𝜌𝐶𝑝 𝜌𝐶𝑝
 3. Variable Values:
Name Variable Unit
Volumetric Flowrate q=100 𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
Volume of CSTR V=100 𝑚3
Density of A-B mixture 𝛒=1000 Kg/𝑚3
Heat capacity of A-B Cp=0.239 J/kg-K
mixture
Heat of Reaction m∆H=5*104 J/mol
Rate Constant 𝑘0 = 0.99 1/sec
Overall heat transfer UA=5 ∗ 104 W/K
coefficient* Area

4. Controlled Variable values:

Tc = 300K
Tf = 350 K
Caf = 1
Final equation by putting value of Table 1 and controlled varibale
values in eq. (1) & (2),
𝑑Ca
= 1 −1.999*Ca …………………………………………..(3)
𝑑𝑡
dT
= 350 – 3.092*T + 20.899*Ca + 627.6* Tc …………...(4)
dt

5. Matrix Form:
X = A*X+B*U
Y = CX
−1.999 0
A=[ ]
20.899 −3.092
𝐶𝑎
X=[ ]
𝑇
 0 0 1
B=[ ]
2.092 1 0

𝑇𝑐
U =[ 𝑇𝑓 ]
𝐶𝑎𝑓

C = [1 0]
6. Obtained Results:
Eigen Values:
𝜆1 = −3.0920
𝜆2 = −1.990
As both Eigen values are negative.
“System Is Stable.”
Controllability Matrix:
P= 0 0 1 0 0 -1.999
2.092 1 0 -6.4684 -3.092 20.899
As Our controllability matrix is not a square matrix we need to multiply
it with P’
V= P’* P
V= 4.37 2.09 0 -13.532 -6.46 43.72
2.092 1 0 -6.4684 -3.092 20.89
0 0 1 0 0 -1.999
-13.532 -6.468 0 41.84 20.0 -135.18
-6.4684 -3.092 0 20.00 9.560 -64.61
43.720 20.89 -1.99 -135.18 -64.61 440.764
As det(V) = 0
“System Is Not Controllable”.
Observability Matrix:
1 0
Q=[ ]
−1.9990 0
As det(Q) = 0
“System is Not Observable.”

7. Matlab Code:
q = 100;
V = 100;
rho = 1000;
Cp = 0.239;
mdeltaH = 50000;
EbyR = 8750;
k0 = 0.98;
UA = 5*10^4;
Tc = 300;
Tf = 350;
Caf = 1;
syms Ca T
%dCa = (q*(Caf-Ca)/V)-k0*Ca;
%dT = (q*(Tf-T)/V)+((mdeltaH/(rho*Cp))*k0*Ca)+(UA/(V*rho*Cp)*(Tc-T));
A = [-1.999 0
20.899 -3.092];
B = [0 0 1; 2.092 1 0];
C = [1 0];
eps = 0.00001;
Poles = eig(A);
if(abs((Poles(1,1) & Poles(2,1))) > eps)
disp('System Is Stable');
else
disp('System Is NOT Stable');
end;
P = ctrb(A,B); % Controllability
V = P'*P;
if(abs((det(V))) > eps)
disp('System Is Controllable');
else
disp('System Is NOT Controllable');
end;
Q = obsv(A,C); %Observability
if(abs((det(Q'*Q))) > eps)
disp('System Is Observable');
else
disp('System Is NOT Observable');
end;