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What's your name? - Comment vous appelez- north, west and central Africa,
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The French alphabet (l'alphabet français)
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
[ɑ] [be] [se] [de] [ə] [ɛf] [ʒe] [aʃ] [i] [ʒi] [ka] [ɛl] [ɛm]
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
[ɛn] [o] [pe] [ky] [ɛʀ] [ɛs] [te] [y] [ve] [dubləve] [iks] [igʀɛk] [zɛd]
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Hi - Salut
French (français)
What's your name? - Tu t'appelles
comment? The French language is
descended from Latin and first
My name is … - Je m'appelle …
appeared in writing in 842 AD
Pleased to meet you. - Enchanté(e). when it was used in the
Strasbourg Oaths. Before then
I'd like you to meet … - Jet e présente …
Latin was the language used for
Bye - Salut literature throughout Europe.
During the 10th and 11th
How are you? - Ça va?
centuries, French appeared in a
Fine - Ça va.
number of documents and
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Les nombres
Un , deux , trois , quatre , cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix , onze , douze , treize , quatorze ,
quinze , seize , dix-sept , dix-huit , dix-neuf , vingt .
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French pronunciation
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Présentez-vous
Complétez
Bonjour, je m'appelle [your name]. J'ai [your age] ans et j'habite à [your town].
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Les questions à propos de „ Présentez –vous‟
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Les jours de la semaine
LUNDI
MARDI
MERCREDI
JEUDI
VENDREDI
SAMEDI
DIMANCHE
Note: Unlike in English we do not write the names of the days of the week in capital
letters in French, unless they begin a sentence.
L‟exercice
Questions/answers :-
Q .1 Il y a combien de jours dans une semaine? (There are how many days in a week)
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Les mois de l‟année
o JANVIER
o FÉVRIER
o MARS
o AVRIL
o MAI
o JUIN
o JUILLET
o AOÛT
o SEPTEMBRE
o OCTOBRE
o NOVEMBRE
o DÉCEMBRE
Vocabulaire
Le mois – month
L‘année – year
Aujourd‘hui – today
La date – date
Note; The months of the year are always written in small letters in French unless they begin a
sentence.
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Dates
- Cardinals (eg. deux, trois) are used for the dates of the month except the first
L‟exercice
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Les jours de la semaine (The days of the week)
Vocabulaire
La Semaine - Week
Le Jour - Day
Premier - first
Dernier - last
Hier - yesterday
Aujourd‘hui - today
Demain - tomorrow
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9 – neuf 19 – dix-neuf 29 –vingt-neuf 71- Soixante-et-onze (60+11)
Écrivez en lettres :
a) 1984 ______________________________________
b) 1990 ______________________________________
c) 2001 ______________________________________
d) 2010______________________________________
e) 1785 _______________________________________
Écrivez en chiffres :
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a) Quatre-vingt _________________________
b) Cent ________________________________
c) Soixante –dix _________________________
d) Quatre-vingt neuf ______________________
e) Deux mille sept ________________________
f) Mille neuf cent dix______________________
g) Cinquante- neuf _______________________
h) Quarante-sept _________________________
Subject Pronouns
Unlike the English pronoun ―I,‖ the pronoun je is capitalized only when it begins a
sentence. Je becomes j' before a vowel or vowel sound ( y and unaspirated h — meaning
that no puff of air is emitted when producing the h sound):
Tu
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Tu is used to address one friend, relative, child, or pet and is referred to as the familiar
form of ―you.‖ The u from tu is never dropped for purposes of elision: Tu es mon
meilleur ami. (You are my best friend.)
Vous
Vous is used in the singular to show respect to an older person or when speaking to a
stranger or someone you do not know very well. Vous is the polite or formal form of
―you:‖ Vous êtes un patron très respecté. (You are a very respected boss.)
In addition, vous is always used when speaking to more than one person, regardless of
the degree of familiarity.
Il and elle
On
On refers to an indefinite person: you, we, they, or people in general. On is often used in
place of nous, such as in the following: on part (we're leaving).
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Ils refers to more than one male or to a combined group of males and females, despite
the number of each gender present. Elles refers only to a group of females.
Anne et Luc partent. (Ann and Luke leave.) Ils partent. (They leave.)
Je suis {I am}
Tu es {you are}
Vous ou Tu ?
En anglais, il y a ― YOU‖.
Les exercices
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Q1. Reliez [Match the following]
2. Tu b] es journaliste.
3. Je c] sommes italiens.
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a. Tu _______ chinois?
b. Nous __________ anglais.
c. Elle __________ institutrice.
d. Il ____________ journaliste.
e. Je_________ femme au foyer.
f. Elle _________ directrice.
g. Ils__________ acteurs.
h. Elles_________ actrices.
i. Nous_________ hommes politiques.
j. Tu__________ homme d‘affaires.
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Profession
Masculine Feminine
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fire fighter le pompier la pompier
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writer l'écrivain l'écrivaine
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12. Germany l'Allemagne (f) allemand allemande
Self Introduction
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A.The first conversation (using “Tu”)
Indefinite Articles
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In French all nouns are either masculine or feminine; this is referred to as 'gender'. The
masculine word for 'a' or 'an' is un, the feminine is une. Both become des in the plural.
As a very rough guide, there is a fair chance that a word ending in the written form
with 'e' will be feminine,
- des refers to an undefined number in the plural and applies to both masculine and
feminine.
eg: des filles ; des homes
- A few nouns designating people use the same form for men and women, eg: un, une
propriétaire; un, une comptable; un, une collègue; un, une analyste.
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une porte - door
un rideau - curtain
une fenêtre - window
un mur - wall
une horloge - clock
un ventilateur - fan
un climatiseur - air conditioner
des lumieres - lights
une plante - plant
une éprouvette - test tube
un vase à bec - beaker
une carte - map
une chaise - chair
un cahier - notebook
un livre - book
une calculatrice - calculator
une carte - map
un classeur - binder
une craie - chalk
une boîte de craies - chalk box
un chiffon - duster
une brosse - board eraser
un feutre, marqueur permanent - Permanent marker
un crayon - pencil
un crayon de couleur - colour pencil
un taille-crayon - sharpener
une gomme - eraser
un stylo - pen
un blanco - correction fluid
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un trombone - paper clip
une règle - scale / ruler
une colle - glue stick
une trousse - pencil box
des devoirs (m) - homework
un dictionnaire - dictionary
un examen - test
un papier - paper
une feuille de papier - piece of paper
un sac à dos - backpack
un sac - bag
un cartable - school-bag
un tableau - chalkboard
un tableau-interactif - interactivewhiteboard
un ordinateur - computer
un portable - laptop / cell phone
un rétroprojecteur - overhead projector
Some examples :-
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Verb “Avoir” (to have)
J‘ai (I have)
Tu as (you have)
J'ai un livre.
Il a une table.
J'ai une voiture.
Vous avez des stylos.
Nous avons des cahiers.
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Definite Articles
French articles have to agree with the nouns they modify and don't always correspond
to articles in other languages. If you have a noun in French, there is mostly always an
article or some other kinds of determiner in front of it.
The French definite article corresponds to "The" in English. There are four forms of the
French definite article:
1. le masculine singular
2. la feminine singular
3. l' m or f in front of a vowel or h muet (silent)
4. les m or f plural
The usage of definite article depends on three things: the noun's gender, number, and first letter:
The definite article is used in front of the following kinds of nouns, whereas it is often
not used here in English.
A. When there are two or more nouns in a sentence, the definite article must be
used in front of each one.
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Le papier et les stylos sont dans le tiroir. The paper and pens are in the
drawer.
J'aime la glace, le chocolat et le gâteau. I like ice cream, chocolate, and cake.
All verbs whose infinitive ends in ―er‖ belong to this group (except aller). The present
tense of all –er verbs is conjugated by removing the ‗er‘ ending and adding the endings
–e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent to the radical of the verb.
Parler - to speak
Ecouter - to listen
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Chanter - to sing
Travailler - to work
Visiter - to visit
Adorer - to adore
Préférer - to prefer
Détester - to hate
Marcher - to walk
Entrer - to enter
Passer - to pass by
Parler – to speak
Je parle I speak
Il parle he speaks
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Vous parlez you/you all speak
Préférer - to prefer
Je préfère I prefer
Appeler – to call
J‘appelle I call
Manger - to eat
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Ranger - to arrange
Voyager - to travel
Nager - to swim
The conjugation of the above written (‗ger‘) verbs is almost the same except the ‗nous‘
form:
Manger - to eat
Je mange I eat
Commencer - to start
Je commence I start
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Ils/elles commencent they start
Note: In verbs ending in ‗cer‘, such as commencer (to begin), prononcer (to pronounce),
the c becomes ç before the ending –ons with nous form, to show that c retains the
sound of s.
Essuyer to wipe
Essayer to try
Nettoyer to clean
Payer to pay
J‘essaie I try
Note: In these above mention ‗yer‘ verbs replace ‗y‘ by ‗i‘ before silent ‗e‘ throughout
the conjugation.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
In English we make Negative sentences using ‗no‘ or ‗not‘ to deny something. But in
French the formula to change from affirmative to negative sentence is:-
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I. Ne + verb + pas for example :-
II. In negative articles, indefinite articles (un, une, des) are changed to de/d‟ except
with être. For example:-
b) Tu as des amis.
c) C‘est un chien.
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Ce n‘est pas un chien.
Les exercices :-
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g) La femme écoute la radio.
h) Le garçon et la fille visitent le Japon.
i) Les enfants bavardent dans la classe.
j) L‘homme gare la voiture.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Interrogative sentences are used to ask questions. Such sentences always end with a
question mark (?). There are many ways to change an affirmative sentence to
interrogative but here we will discuss only one which is:
Inversion: In this method we interchange the places of verb and the subject. For
example
d) Tu as une gomme.
Visitez-vous Paris?
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Note: -- When two vowels come together after inverting verb and the subject, we
put –t- between the vowels. Ex:
a) Il a un chien.
A-t-il un chien?
Arrive-t-elle à la maison?
Écoute-t-Aman la chanson?
d) Elle a un chat.
A-t-elle un chat?
e) Il arrête le taxi.
Arrête-t-il le taxi?
Mettez à l‟interrogatif:
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L‟heure – (The Time)
Le Vocabulaire
du matin – a.m
du soir - p.m
moins – less
midi – noon
minuit – midnight
à l‘heure – on time
en retard – late
la minute – minute
seconde – second
un jour = 24 heures
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une horloge – a clock
un cadran – a dial
le jour – day
le matin – morning
le soir – evening
la nuit – night
ce soir – tonight
7.15 p.m → Il est sept heures et quart du soir OR il est sept heures quinze du soir.
7.30 p.m → Il est sept heures et demie du soir OR il est sept heures trente du soir.
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7.45 a.m → Il est huit heures moins le quart du matin OR il est sept heures quarante-
cinq du matin.
7.50 a.m → Il est huit heures moins dix du matin OR il est sept heures cinquante du
matin.
L‟Exercice
02:30 am - ………………….
01:45 pm - …………………..
04:10 pm - …………………..
09:50 am - ………………………
12:00 pm - ………………………
03: 40 pm - ………………………
12:45 pm - ………………………..
01.00 am - …………………………
06:20 pm - …………………………
10: 05 am - …………………………
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. Adjectives can describe shape, color, size,
and many other things about a noun.
French adjectives are very different from English adjectives, for two main reasons.
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1. In English, adjectives are always found in front of the noun, but most French
adjectives follow the noun they modify (although the placement of French adjectives
depends on the meaning of that particular adjective.)
2. French adjectives change to agree in gender and number with the nouns that they
modify. This means that there can be up to four forms of each adjective: masculine
singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, and feminine plural.
II. If the masculine form of the adjective ends with an „e‟, it remains the same in the
feminine forms:
III. If the masculine singular form ends with s or x, the masculine plural remains the
same:
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Masc. Fem. Sing. Masc. plu Fem. Plu. Meaning
IV. The feminine of certain adjectives is formed by doubling the consonant and then
adding „e‟ to masculine singular form.
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-et complet complète complete
SINGULAR PLURAL
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soft mou mol molle mous molles
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*Note: The colors maroon and orange are invariable i.e. they do not agree with feminine
or plural form.
e.g. un sac orange - des sacs orange
des becomes de when there is an adjective before the noun in the plural.
e.g. des livres bruns mais de gros livres
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c’est une belle fille mais ce sont de belles filles
Les Exercices
Bon__________ Vieux__________
Grand_________ Nouveau______
Gris_________ Heureux_______
Beau________ Gris___________
Gentil________ Blanc__________
Vieux________ Français________
Jeune_______ Mince_________
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Q1. Présentez vous ?
Q4 Les salutations :-
a) Ordinateur l) Livre
b) Chaise m) Cahier
c) Tableau n) Gomme
d) Rideaux o) Crayon
e) Ventilateur p) Sac
f) Fenêtre q) Portable
g) porte r) Stylo
h) Table s) Règle
i) Banc t) Taille-crayon
j) Craie u) Trousse
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k) Climatiseur v) Clés
a) Parler 9. Écouter
b) Regarder 10. Étudier
c) Visiter 11 Habiter
d) Aimer 12 Entrer
e) Détester 13. Rester
f) Adorer 14. Demander
g) Préférer 15. Donner
h) Préparer 16 Inviter
Q12 Qui est-ce ? (Décrivez par l‘image (son profession, sa nationalité, son âge, nom)
Q14 Le pays France est connue pour ________ ?(le fromage/le vin/le parfum etc.)
Q16 Lisez :-
Dennis est un petit garçon. Il habite à paris. Le père de Dennis est directeur. Il
voyage beaucoup. Il aime les montagnes. Il n‘aime pas la mer. La mère de Dennis
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est médecin. Elle adore la musique classique. Elle n‘aime pas la télévision.
Dennis a aussi une sœur qui s‘appelle Marie. Elle est belle et intelligente. Dennis
aime sa famille beaucoup.
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