– Lecture 6,7 Thursday afternoon

Group 4:

̣
Nguyễn Thi Thanh Nhi ̣

Nguyễn Thảo Vy

̣ ̀ y Dung
Phan Thi Thu

Châu Thi ̣Ngo ̣c Phươ ̣ng

CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFYING SPEECH SOUNDS

1. How are the vowels different from the consonants in terms of articulation?
As a result of the difference in articulation, consonants and vowels differ in the way they sound.
Vowels are more sonorous than consonants. That is, we perceive them as louder and longer
lasting than cononants.

2. What are the principle differences between the vowels and the consonants?

Vowels Consonants

 Are produced with relatively  Are produced with a narrow or

little obstruction in the vocal complete closure in the vocal
tract tract

 Are more sonorous  Are less sonorous

 Are syllabic  Are generally not syllabic

3. How are pure vowels different from diphthongs?

- Pure vowels remain contant and don’t glide from one vowels to another.
- Diphthongs consist of a movement or glide from one vowels to another.

4. What is a consonant?
It is a sound in which there is an obstruction to the flow of air through the vocal tract.

5. On what criteria are consonants classified?

There are 3 classified:
- Voicing
- Place of articulation
- Manner of articulation

6. What is a pure vowel?

A pure vowels is a vowels that is pronounced without an glide, monophthong.
7. On what criteria are pure vowels classified?
Pure vowels have traditionally been classified according to three questions:
- How high is tongue?
- What part of the tongue is involved, that is what part is raised or lowered?
- How long or short is the vowels?

8. What is a diphthong?
A dipthong is a vowel that is pronounced with a glide from one vowel to another.

9. How are diphthongs classified?

10. Draw the summary tables/ charts of the English consonants, vowels, and diphthongs.
11.

a. Give the phonetic symbol for the first sounds in the following words.

b. Give the articulatory description for each of these first sounds.

Example: bomb /b/ voiced bilabial stop

a. city /s/ voiceless alveolar

b. cake /k/ voiceless velar
c. thick /ᶿ/ voiceless dental
d. choice /ʧ/ voiceless palato- alveolar
e. physics /f/ voiceless labio- dental
f. shoot /ʃ/ voiceless palato- alveolar
g. Thames /ᶿ/ voiceless alveolar
h. knee /n/ voiced alveolar
i. pneumonia /n/ voiced alveolar
j. zone /z/ voiced alveolar
k. usually /j/ voiced palatal
l. jug /ʤ/ voiced palotal- alveolar
m. quick /k/ voiceless velar
n. what /w/ voiced bilabial
o. English /I/ voiced

12.
a. Give the phonetic symbol for the vowel sound in the following words.
b. Give the articulatory desciption for each of the these sounds.

Example: meat /i:/ close front long unrounded vowel

a. head /e/
b. fun /˄/
c. ham /æ/
d. strange /ei/
e. thing /I/
f. I /ai/
g. May /ei/
h. Dawn / ᴐ:/
i. hill /I/
j. took /u/
k. late /ei/
l. Don /
m. toy /ᴐ:/
n. food /u:/
o. stop /D/
p. meat i:/
q. boat /әƱ/
r. ice /ai/
 13. Write the English words represented in the phonetic transcriptions below.

Example: /kraƱd/ crowd

a. /kæt/ cat
b. /’wɜ:ði/ worthy
c. /kru:z/ cruise
d. /’fiᵑgᵊr/ finger
e. /bæk/ back
f. /beg/ beg
g. /maIn/ mine
h. /plaƱ/ plough
i. /pleI/ play
j. /’pɜ:pl/ purple
k. /ʃƱd/ should
l. /ʤ˄ʤ/ judge

14. Write the following words in phonetic transcription.

Example: lunge /l˄nʤ/

a. church /ʧɜ:ʧ/
b. compass /k˄mpәs/
c. campus /kæmpәs/
d. thrive /ᶿraiv/
e. yelled /jel/
f. caught /kᴐ:t/
g. huge/hju:ʤ/
h. stop /stDp/
i. awful /ᴐ:fl/
j. pew / pju:/
k. feud /fju:d/
l. possess /pә’zes/

15. Describe the consonants/ vowels of the following words.

Example:

Word Consonant Voicing Place of Manner of

articulation articulation

/p/ Voiceless Bilabial Stop

Pleasure /l/ Voiced Alveolar Lateral

/Ʒ/ Voiced Palato- alveolar Fricative

 Word Consonant Voicing Place of Manner of
articulation articulation

/l/ Voiced Alveolar Lateral

/ᵑ/ Voiced Velar Nasal

Linguistics /g/ Voiced Velar Plosive

/w/ Voiced Bilabial Approximant

/s/ Voiceless Alveolar Fricative

/t/ Voiceless Alveolar Plosive

/k/ Voiceless Velar Plosive

Word Vowel Tongue part Tongue Lip shape Length

height

/ә / Front Open- mid Rounded Short

Phonetics
/e/ Front Close- mid Unrounded Short

/i/ Front Close Unrounded Short

16. Give the phonetic transciption that correcsponds to each of the following articulatory
description:
a. Voiceless velar stop: /k/
b. Voiced labiodental fricative: /v/
c. Voiced palato- alveolar affricative: /ʤ/
d. Voiced palatal approximant: /j/
e. Voiced velar nasal: /ᵑ/
f. Voiceless dental fricative: /ᶿ/
g. Close back rounded short vowel: /Ʊ/
h. Open front unrounded short vowel: /æ/