Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp
Definitions
If a waveform is defined as:
Types
Linear
In a linear chirp, the instantaneous
frequency varies exactly linearly with
time:
,
A linear chirp waveform; a sinusoidal wave that
where is the final frequency. is the increases in frequency linearly over time
time it takes to sweep from to .
The corresponding time-domain function for the phase of any oscillating signal is the
integral of the frequency function, as one expects the phase to grow like , i.e., that the
derivative of the phase is the angular frequency .
1/5
where is the initial phase (at time ). Thus this is also called a quadratic-phase
signal.[3]
Exponential
In a geometric chirp, also called an
exponential chirp, the frequency of
the signal varies with a geometric
relationship over time. In other words,
if two points in the waveform are
chosen, and , and the time interval
between them is kept constant, the
frequency ratio will also be constant.
2/5
The corresponding time-domain Spectrogram of an exponential chirp. The exponential
rate of change of frequency is shown as a function of
function for the phase of an time, in this case from nearly 0 up to 8 kHz repeating
exponential chirp is the integral of the every second. Also visible in this spectrogram is a
frequency fallback to 6 kHz after peaking, likely an
frequency:
artifact of the specific method employed to generate
the waveform.
where is the initial phase (at ).
As was the case for the Linear Chirp, the instantaneous frequency of the
Exponential Chirp consists of the fundamental frequency accompanied by
additional harmonics.
Generation
Chirp modulation
Chirp modulation, or linear frequency modulation for digital communication, was
patented by Sidney Darlington in 1954 with significant later work performed by
Winkler in 1962. This type of modulation employs sinusoidal waveforms whose
instantaneous frequency increases or decreases linearly over time. These waveforms
are commonly referred to as linear chirps or simply chirps.
3/5
Hence the rate at which their frequency changes is called the chirp rate. In binary
chirp modulation, binary data is transmitted by mapping the bits into chirps of
opposite chirp rates. For instance, over one bit period "1" is assigned a chirp with
positive rate a and "0" a chirp with negative rate −a. Chirps have been heavily used in
radar applications and as a result advanced sources for transmission and matched
filters for reception of linear chirps are available.
Chirplet transform
Main article: Chirplet transform
Another kind of chirp is the projective chirp, of the form:
Key chirp
See also
Notes
References
External links
5/5