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Exercise No. 11
API (Field Units)
EQUIPMENT
1. The gauges on the Driller’s remote BOP control panel are used to observe the
status of the surface BOP control unit while drilling.
Figure S11-001 shows a set of gauge readings with a change that is occurring
(the BOP has not been operated and the electrically driven pump is not running).
Figure S11-001
What are the possible reasons for the low accumulator pressure reading?
(Select TWO Answers)
2. On the central hydraulic control unit (Koomey Unit) for the BOP there is a
unit/remote switch. The purpose of this device is?
a) To allow the Driller to adjust the cut in / cut out pressure settings on the air
and electric charge pumps for the accumulator unit from the Driller’s remote control
panel for the BOP.
b) To allow the Driller to adjust the opening / closing pressure of the ram preventers
from the Driller’s remote control panel for the BOP.
c) To allow the Driller to adjust pressures of the annular preventer from the Driller’s
remote control panel for the BOP.
d) To allow the Driller to adjust the accumulator pressure from the Driller’s remote
control panel for the BOP.
3. Using the BOP configuration illustrated in Figure S11-002 below answer the
following six questions by answering YES or NO.
(The questions are based on whether the operations can be physically
performed and do not represent the field practice or operating procedure of any
company).
Figure S11-002
3a. With drill pipe in the hole, is it possible to shut the well in under pressure and
repair the side outlets on the drilling spool?
a) YES
b) NO
3b. With drill pipe in the hole, and the well shut using the ram preventer. Is it
possible to circulate down the drill pipe and take returns to the choke manifold?
a) YES
b) NO
3c. With drill pipe in the hole, is it possible to shut the well in under pressure and
change out the Blind Shear Ram inserts?
a) YES
b) NO
3d. With drill pipe in the hole, is it possible to shut the well in under pressure and
repair a leaking hydraulic valve on the choke line?
a) YES
b) NO
3e. With drill pipe in the hole, is it possible to shut the well in under pressure and
repair a leaking annular preventer?
a) YES
b) NO
3f. With drill pipe in the hole, and the well shut in under pressure using the annular
preventer. Is it possible to repair a leaking hydraulic side outlet valve?
a) YES
b) NO
4. The manifold regular by-pass valve on the central hydraulic control unit
(Koomey Unit) is normally kept closed. This valve can also be operated from the
Driller’s remote control panel. Which of the following will happen if it is opened?
d) It will isolate the rams preventers, bleeding off all positive closing pressure.
5. A 15,000 psi working pressure BOP stack has a closing ratio of 11.56:1. The fluid
volume required to operate all of the BOP functions is 135 gallons. The pre-
charge pressure is 1000 psi and the maximum system hydraulic working
pressure is 3000 psi. Calculate the minimum number of 10 gallon accumulator
bottles required for this system.
Answer: bottles
Figure S11-003
8. Could a ram preventer be operated from this panel, and closed within the API
specified time?
a) Yes.
b) No.
9. Could the annular preventer be operated from this panel, and closed within the
API specified time?
a) Yes.
b) No.
10. The accumulator charge pumps on the main hydraulic control unit are controlled
by their respective pressure switches and should operate:
a) When the accumulator pressure has decreased to less than 90% of its operating
pressure, and will shut itself off when its pressure reaches its maximum operating
pressure.
b) When the accumulator pressure has decreased to less than 70% of its operating
pressure, and will shut itself off when its pressure reaches its maximum operating
pressure.
c) When the accumulator pressure has decreased by more than 90% of it’s operating
pressure, and will shut itself off when its pressure reaches the maximum operating
pressure.
a) True.
b) False.
12. Use the illustration of the mud gas separator in Figure S11-004 and the following
data to calculate the maximum allowable operating pressure before gas blow-
through may occur:-
Figure S11-004
a) 10.0 psi.
b) 10.5 psi.
c) 27.6 psi.
d) 27.3 psi.
e) 10.6 psi
13. Can a regulator on a BOP control unit be set to apply accumulator pressure on
either the opening or closing side of a ram preventer?
a) Yes.
b) No.
Figure S11-005
15. Which Ram type Preventer on a Cameron 13-5/8, 10,000-psi BOP stack is
equipped with thicker intermediate flanges?
a) Pipe rams.
b) Blind rams.
c) Shear rams.
d) Variable rams.
`
16. The manifold regulator on a surface BOP control unit can be adjusted at the
master remote driller’s panel provided the control switch is in the "remote"
position?
a) True.
b) False.
Figure S11-006
18. On a ram type preventer, in which position will the 4-way valve be put to assist
with the removal of the bonnet after backing off the bonnet bolts?
a) Open.
b) Close.
c) Neutral (Block).
d) Any position, it does not matter.
19. A test cup for 9 5/8 casing is used to test a BOP stack to a pressure of 10,000 psi
using 5 inch drill pipe.
The area of the test cup subjected to pressure is 42.4 inch2.
What is the minimum grade of drill pipe to use (exclude any safety margin)
a) Grade E-75 Premium Drill Pipe - Tensile Yield strength = 311,200 lbs.
b) Grade X-95 Premium Drill Pipe - Tensile Yield strength = 394,200 lbs.
c) Grade G-105 Premium Drill Pipe - Tensile Yield strength = 436,150 lbs.
d) Grade S-135 Premium Drill Pipe - Tensile Yield strength = 560,100 lbs.
e) Any grade will withstand the stress of testing.
20. Why are some choke manifolds equipped with a Glycol or Methanol injection
system?
a) To minimise the effects of hot dry desert environments.
b) To help prevent hydrate formation while circulating a kick.
c) To help fluids flow better during well testing.
d) To allow use of the latest models of remote operated chokes.
21. What is the maximum acceptable closing time for a 13 5/8 annular BOP
(According to API RP 16E)?
22. On the BOP hydraulic control (accumulator) unit the 4 way selector valves can
be placed in any one of three positions?
a) True.
b) False.
23. Figure S11-007 illustrates a typical piping schematic for a surface BOP
installation. All the valves and chokes have been numbered. The well is shut in
on the annular BOP.
It is planned to circulate from the mud pumps through the drill string and bleed
off through the manual choke to the mud gas separator.
Figure S11-007
Which one of the following groups of valves and chokes must be open?
24. On the BOP hydraulic control (accumulator) unit, if a 4 way selector valve is in
the upright or centre position, which of the following is correct?
a) The regulated power fluid inlet will be blocked. Both outlets will be vented back into
the fluid reservoir tank.
b) The inlet and outlet ports will be blocked.
c) The inlet and both outlets will be vented back into the fluid reservoir tank.
Figure S11-008
26. The annular regulator on a surface BOP control unit can be adjusted at the
master remote driller’s panel provided the control switch is in the "unit"
position?
a) True.
b) False.
27. Each closing unit should have a fluid reservoir with a capacity equal to at least
twice the usable fluid capacity of the accumulator system.
a) True.
b) False.
28. Could a ram preventer be operated from this panel, and close within the API
specified time?
a) Yes.
b) No.
29. Could an annular preventer be operated from this panel, and close within the API
specified time?
a) Yes.
b) No.
30. Could any preventer be operated from the main hydraulic control unit (Koomey
Unit)?
a) Yes.
b) No.
32. Could a regulator be adjusted at the main hydraulic control unit (Koomey Unit)?
a) Yes.
b) No.
33. A surface BOP stack has one annular preventer, three ram preventers and two
hydraulic H.C.R. valves. To close, open and close all of the above functions will
require 20 x 10 gallon accumulator bottles. The accumulator pre-charge
pressure is 1000 psi. If the working pressure of the control unit is 3000 psi and
the minimum working pressure is 200 psi above pre-charge pressure, how many
gallons of usable fluid is stored in the accumulator bottles?
Answer: gallons
34. Using the information is question 33, if the minimum working pressure was
increased from 1200 psi to 1470 psi. How many additional 10 gallon accumulator
bottles would now be required?
Answer: bottles
35. Using the information is question 33. Calculate the total accumulator volume of
this number of bottles.
Answer: gallons
a) It can be used as an inspection port to determine the wear on seals or on that part
of the ram shaft.
b) To inject plastic packing into a retaining ring around the ram shaft in the seal area.
c) It will prevent a build-up of pressure in the ram shaft seal area if a mud seal fails.
d) As it is open to atmosphere it will provide pressure stability to the ram shaft seals.
37. According to API recommended practice, what is the usable fluid volume of an
accumulator bottle?
38. Figure S11-009 illustrates a style of diverter commonly used when drilling with a
surface BOP.
Figure S11-009
40. There is only one inside BOP with NC50 pin connection on the rig and the drill
string consists of 5 inch drill pipe, 5 inch HW drill pipe (NC50) and 8 inch drill
collars (6 5/8 inch REG). Which one of the following crossovers must be on the
floor in case of a kick whilst tripping?
a) NC50 (4 ½ inch IF) Box x 7 5/8 inch REG Pin.
b) NC50 (4 ½ inch IF) Box x 6 5/8 inch REG Box.
c) 6 5/8 inch REG. Box x 7 5/8 inch REG Pin.
d) NC50 (4 ½ inch IF) Box x 6 5/8 inch REG Pin.
41. Pump pressure rating requirements: Each closing unit must be equipped with
pumps that will provide a discharge pressure equivalent to the rated working
pressure of the closing unit.
a) True.
b) False.
43. What would be the effect of fitting a 7 1/16 inch x 5,000-psi flange to a working
10,000 psi rated BOP stack?
a) The rating would remain at 10,000-psi.
b) The rating would become 5,000-psi.
c) The rating would become 7,500-psi.
44. On a surface installation the 4 way selector valves can be placed in any one of
three positions from the drillers remote air operated master panel.
a) True.
b) False.
45. On a Cameron shear ram fitted with a rambooster to shear drill pipe, the
intermediate flange needs to be thicker in order to avoid damaging the shear
blades when closed.
a) True.
b) False.
Figure S11-009
47. What is the main function of the choke in the overall BOP system?
48. Select three items of equipment that may warn of increasing formation pressure
while drilling overbalanced?
(Select THREE answers)
a) ROP recorder.
b) Pump stroke counter.
c) Gas detector.
d) Casing pressure gauge.
e) Mud temperature recorder.
f) Stand pipe pressure gauge.
49. The degasser is normally positioned up-stream of the choke in a well control
situation.
a) True.
b) False.
50. The blow-down lines are normally situated on the down stream side of the
mud/gas separator.
a) True.
b) False.
51. The liquid seal pressure is a term applied to poor boy degasser’s (Mud Gas
Separator). Which of the following best describes the liquid seal?
a) Liquid seal pressure is the maximum safe operating pressure limit within
the vessel.
b) Liquid seal pressure is the minimum safe operating pressure limit within
the vessel.
c) Liquid seal pressure or a pressure in excess of it, will exceed the operating
pressure limit of the vessel.
52. What is the normal operating position of the 4-way valves on the BOP hydraulic
control (accumulator) unit while drilling?
53. Where are the proximity (activating) switches for the BOP remote panel lights
situated?
54. What is the purpose of the master control valve on an air operated remote BOP
panel?
55. When aluminium drill pipe is used, special consideration must be given to ram
size selection.
a) True.
b) False.
56. Ram preventers are not designed to be pressure tested from the top side.
a) True.
b) False.
57. Field experience has proven that ram preventers are more likely to leak with a
low wellbore pressure than a high pressure.
a) True.
b) False.
58. All ram preventers with a rated working pressure of 5000 psi and above, should
be equipped with secondary piston rod seals in case the primary rod seal fails.
The secondary seal is plastic which is stored in a cavity until it is activated by
forcing it around the ram rod. This plastic seal is used only during emergency
situations and is designed for static conditions, any movement of the rod after
this plastic packing has been activated, will cause rapid wear to both seal and
rod.
a) True.
b) False.
59. The primary rod seal must always be replaced when the emergency is over.
a) True.
b) False.
60. The front elements of ram seals have steel plates bonded to the rubber. As the
rams are brought together, these steel plates meet before the preventer is fully
closed. Further movement of the ram bodies causes extrusion of the rubber
element, thereby effecting a seal.
If the rams are used for stripping pipe, the front face of the ram sealing element
will wear. The self-feeding action brought about by the steel plates, will ensure
that rubber from the packing element moves forwards to replace that which is
worn away.
a) True.
b) False.
61. Standard pipe rams are designed to centralise and pack off around one specific
size of drillpipe or casing.
a) True.
b) False.
a) Should be chosen according to the depth and geometry of the well to be drilled.
b) Should be chosen according to the type of mud system to be used.
c) Should be chosen according to the type of hydraulic fluid used in the BOP closing
unit.
63. In figure S11-010 below , identify the following types of connections on each
BOP.
Figure S11-010
64. Which one of the following gaskets matches the 6BX type flange?
a) Type BX.
b) Type R Octagonal.
c) Type R Oval.
d) Type RX.
2 points
65. Given the volumes below, how much hydraulic fluid will be required to carry out
the following operations (no safety margin)?
a) 66 gallons.
b) 102 gallons.
c) 68 gallons.
3 points
66. During a well control operation 4000 psi was shut in below the middle pipe rams:
It is decided to strip the tool joint through the middle pipe rams.
a) Initially, close the upper pipe rams above the tool joint. Then open the middle pipe
rams.
b) Initially, close the upper pipe rams above the tool joint. Then activate the By-pass
function on the BOP panel to get sufficient pressure from the accumulators. Then
open the middle pipe rams.
c) Initially, close the upper pipe rams above the tool joint. Then pump in 4000 psi
pressure between the middle rams and upper pipe rams. Then open the middle
pipe ram.
3 points
67. The closing pressure on annular preventers should be reduced when running
large diameter casing or coiled tubing to avoid collapse.
a) True.
b) False.
68. While drilling the lights on the drillers remote panel for the BOP should be?
a) All red.
b) All green.
c) Some red, some green.
d) It doesn’t matter as this panel is only used in an emergency.
69. Hydraulically operated ram preventers are provided with locking screw stem
extensions and large diameter hand wheels similar to the operating screws of
manually closed preventers. The main purpose of the locking screws is to
manually lock the ram in the closed position after they are closed hydraulically.
In an emergency, the screws can be used to close the rams, the closing unit
selector valve should be in the closed position. This will eliminate the possibility
of hydraulic oil being trapped on the opening side of the actuating pistons.
a) True.
b) False.
70. Bonnet (or door) seals are exposed to wellbore pressures and fluids. Since they
can be subjected to high pressures and temperatures without being backed-up
by another seal, the bonnet seals are therefore critical to the integrity of the BOP
system.
a) True.
b) False.
71. If a function is operated on the remote BOP panel on the rig floor without
operating the master control valve, the function will work:-
a) Slower.
b) Faster.
c) The same.
d) Will not work at all.
72. On which ram would you be most likely to use the bypass (manifold valve)
facility.?
a) Variable bore rams.
b) Blind/Shear rams.
c) 5-inch pipe rams.
d) 31/2 inch pipe rams
73. Which gas is used to pre-charge BOP hydraulic control (accumulator) unit
bottles?
a) Air.
b) Nitrogen.
c) Oxygen.
d) Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
74. On which two gauges on a remote control panel would a reduction in pressure
be observed when the 3 ½ inch pipe rams are closed?
(Select TWO answers)
a) Annular pressure gauge.
b) Manifold pressure gauge.
c) Air pressure gauge.
d) Accumulator pressure gauge.
75. What is the minimum recommended pre-charge pressure for the bottles on a
3,000-psi BOP hydraulic (accumulator) unit, according to API recommendations?
a) 3,000 psi.
b) 1,000 psi.
c) 1,200 psi.
d) 800 psi.
76. While drilling, the pressure on the ram opening lines between the BOP hydraulic
control (accumulator) unit and the BOP stack would normally be:
a) zero
b) 500 psi.
c) 1,500 psi.
d) 3,000 psi.
EQUIPMENT
ANSWERS
1. A, C
2. C
3a. A
3b. B
3c. A
3d. A
3e. A
3f. A
4. C
5. 31 bottles
7. D
10. A, Normal hydraulic operating pressure range is between 2700 to 3000 psi
11. B, No - The regulator will increase manifold pressure not the accumulator pressure.
12. A, Hydrostatic pressure of dip tube is 12.6 x 0.052 x 16 = 10.48 psi. Operating with a
pressure above 10.48 would cause a blow-through to the shaker. Answer 10 psi.
13. B, False - The Bypass valve applies accumulator pressure. A regulator can normally
only adjust manifold pressure up to 1500 psi.
36. C
37. B
38a. 8, Flow line
38b. 5, Vent line
38c. 6, Diverter close port
38d. 3, Actuating piston
38e. 4, Body
39. A, True
40. D
41. A
42. A
43. B
44. B, False
45. A, True
46a. 7, Valve spring
46b. 2, Release tool
46c. 5, Valve seat
46d. 3, Valve release rod
46e. 4, Upper body
47. D
48. A, C, E
49. B, False
50. B, False
51. C, The liquid seal pressure is a pressure that you cannot afford to see.
52. B
53. B
54. B
55. A
56. A
57. A
58. A
59. A
60. A
61. A
62. B
63a. B
63b. A
63c. C
64. A
65. B
66. C
67. A
68. B
69. A
70. A
71. D
72. B
73. B
74. B, D
75. B
76. C