(iii) Differentiation can be used to solve series in which each term is a product of integer

and a binomial coefficient i.e. in the form k. n Cr .

(iv) Integration can be used to solve series in whch each term is a binnomial coefficient
n
Cr
divided by an integer i.e., in the form .
k
(v) Product of two expansions can be used to solve some problems related to series of
binomial coefficients in whcih each term is a product of two binomial coefficients.

5. Multinomial Expansion
If n  N , then the general term of the multinomial expansion  x1  x 2  x3  ....  xk  dn is

n!
x1a1 .x a22 ....x ak k
a1 !a2 !a3 !...ak !

where a1  a2  a3  ...  ak  n
n  k 1
and 0  a i  n,i  1, 2,3,...k and the number of terms in the expansion are Ck 1

Conceptual Questions
Binomial Expansion
9 9
1. The number of terms in the expansions of 1  5 2x    1  5 
2x is

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 10

1/ 2 1/ 2 5 5
The expansion  x  x  1    x  x  1  is a polynomial of degree.
   
2 6 2 6
2.
   
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 13 (d) None of these
General Term
3. If the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to the fifth term from the end in the
n
4 1 
expansion of  2  4  is 6 : 1 , then n =
 3
(a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (d) 20
4. The 11th term from the beginning and the 11th term from the end in the expansion of
25
 1
 2x  x 2  are equal then x 
 

1
(a) 5 (b)  5 2 (c) 25
2 (d) none of these
2
Middle Term
2n
5. The coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of 1  x  is equal to the sum of the
2n 1
coeffcients of two middle terms in the expansion of 1  x 
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
(a) 1  x  (b) 1  x  (c) 1  2x  (d) none of these
 n
6. The middle term in the expression of 1  2x  x 2   is

2n 2n n 2n n
(b) n! 2  x  (c) n! 2   x 
n
(a)  x      (d) none of these
n!
Binomial Coefficient , Greatest Binomial Coefficient
4 5
7. The coefficient of a 4 in the product 1  2a  2  a is
(a) - 438 (b) 438 (c) 348 (d) 834
9
8. The coefficient of x6 y3 in the expansion of  x  2y  is
(a) 670 (b) 672 (c) 675 (d) 680
9
3 2 1 
9. The term independent of x in  x  is
2 3x 
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
n
10. For a positive integer n, if the expansion of 2x 1  x 2   has term independent of x, then
a possible value for n is
(a) 10 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 22
16
 1
11. The greatest binomial coeffiecient in the expansion of  x   is
 x
16 16 16
(a) C7 (b) C8 (c) C9 (d) none of these
Numerically Greatest Term

7 2
12. The greatest term in expansion of  4  3x  when x  is
3
(a) 86016 (b) 86061 (c) 8661 (d) none of these
20
 1 
13. The value of the greatest term in the expansion of 3 1  is
 3
(a) 2871.11 (b) 2871 (c) 2872 (d) none of these
Properties of Binomial Coefficient
n
14. If C0 ,C1,C2 ,....Cn are the Binomial coefficient in the expansion of 1  x  , n being even, then

C0   C0  C1    C0  C1  C2   ....   C0  C1  C2  ....  Cn1  is equal to

(a) n2n (b) n.2n1 (c) n.2n 2 (d) n.2n 3
n
15. If C0 ,C1,C2 ,...,Cn are binomial coefficients, then C0  C1  C2  C3  ...   1 Cn is equal to

(a) 2n1 (b) 2n (c) 0 (d) none of these

2
16. If  15
Cr 15 Cr 1  15
C15r 15 C16 r    16
C13  , then the value of r is

(a) r = 3 (b) r = 2 (c) r = 4 (d) none of these

Application of Binomial Theorem
n
17. If x   
3  1 , then [x] is (where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x)

(a) 2k where k  I (b) 2k + 1, where k  I

(c) 4n (d) 8n
1225 1915 1225
18. The digit at unit’s place in the number 13  11   23  is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) none of these
19. 9  8n  9 is divisible by
n 1

(a) 18 (b) 64 (c) 128 (d) 81

9
20. The first integral term in the expansion of  
3  3 2 , is its

(a) 2nd term (b) 3rd term (c) 4th term (d) 5th term
Multinomial Theorem
n
21. The number of term expansion of  2x  3y  4z  is

n  n  1 n  n  1  n  1 n  2 
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 2
9
22. The coefficient of a3b4 c in the expansion of 1  a  b  c  is

(a) 2.9 C7 .7 C4 (b)  2.9 C 7 .7 C 3 (c) 9 C7 .7 C4 (d) none of these

 KEY(Conceptual Question)

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a)

6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c)
16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (b)

Hints & Solution

n n  n  1
1. If n is odd, then the expansion of  x  a    x  a  contains   terms. So, the
 2 
9 9  9  1
expansion of 1  5 2x   1  5 2x  has 
 2 
  5 terms.

1/ 2 5 1/ 2 5
2.  
x2  x6  1     x2  x6  1     2( 5 C0 x 2  
5
  x
5 C2 x 2
3
6

 1 5 C4 x 2   x 6

1 )
2

Here last term is of 14 degree.

n4 n 4
n
n
C4 2 4

C4  2  4
 6
n n 4 n8
Cn5 1 n  n  4 
3.  1 4
n  1 4
2 4 .  Cn  4 2 n  4  
3 3

n8
 2 4
.3n 8 / 4  6
n 8 1
 6 4  62

n8 1
   n  18
4 2
10
 1
4. t11 from beginning  t101  25 C10 215.x15  25 C10 215 x 5 .
x 20
Clearly, the given expansion contains 26 terms.
So, 11th term from the end = (26 - 11+ 1) th term from the beginning i.e. 16th term from
beginning
15 15
25
C15  2x 
25 15  1 25 10 10  1 210
 Required term  T16  T15 1    x2   C15 .2 .x   25 C15 .
  x 30 x 20
2n
5. The middle term in the expansion of 1  x  is given by Tn1 2n Cn xn
2n 2n
So, the coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of 1  x  is Cn .
2n 1
Now, consider the expansion of 1  x 

  2n  1  1    2n  1  1 
Here , the index  2n  1 is odd. So,   th and   1 th i.e, nth and
 2   2 
 (n + 1)th terms are middle terms.
 2n 1 n 1
Now, Tn  Tn1 1 2n1 Cn1 1 x n1 2n1 Cn1x n1

and Tn1  2n1 Cn 1

2n 1 n
x n  2n1 Cn xn .
2n 1 2n 1
So, the coefficient of two middle terms in the expansion of 1  x  are Cn1 and
2n 1
Cn .
 Sum of these coefficients
2n1 Cn1 2n1 Cn   2n 11 Cn 2n Cn
2n
= Coefficient of middle term in the expansion of 1  x 
n n
6. 1  2x  x  2 2
  1  x    1  x 
 
2n

th
 2n 
Here 2n is even integer, therefore,   1 i.e.,  n  1th term will be the middle term.
 2 

th 2n
2n Cn 1
2n n n n
 2n Cn   x  
 2n  n
Now,  n  1 term in 1  x   x   x  .
n!n!
7. We first expand each of the factors of the given product using Binomial Theorem. We
4 2 3 4
have 1  2a  4 C0  4 C1  2a   4 C2  2a   4 C3  2a   4 C4  2a 

 
 1  4  2a   6 4a2  4 8a3  16a 4 .  
 1  8a  24a2  32a3  16a4
5 4 3 2 3 4 5
and  2  a   C 0  2   C1  2   a   C 2  2   a   C3  2   a   C 4  2  a   C 5  a 
5 5 5 5 2 5 5 5

 32  80a  80a2  40a3  10a 4  a5

4 5
Thus 1  2a   2  a   1  8a  24a  32a  16a  32  80a  80a  40a  10a  a 
2 3 4 2 4 4 5

The complete multiplication of the two brackets need not be carried out. We write only
those terms which involve a 4 . This can be done if we note that ar .a4r  a4 . Then terms
containing a 4 are

 
1 10a4   8a  40a3  24a2     80a   32a   80a   16a   32   438a
2 3 4 4

Thus, the coefficient of a 4 in the given product is - 438.

th 9
8. Suppose x6 y3 occurs in the  r  1 term of the expansion  x  2y  .
r
Now, Tr 1 9 Cr x 9r  2y  9 Cr 2r.x9r .yr .

Comparing the indices of x as well as y in x 6 y 3 and in Tr 1 , we get r = 3.

9 9! 3 9.8.7 3
Thus, the coefficient of x 6 y 3 is C3 23  .2  .2  672
3!6! 3.2
 9 r r
9  3x 2   1  r 9 39 2r 18 3r
9. The general term  Cr        1 Cr .x
 2   3x  29r

The term independent of x, (or the constant term) corresponds to x18 3r being
x 0or18  3r  0  r  6
n r 2 r
10. 
Tr 1  n Cr 2x 1  x 
n
Cr 2nr x3r n
for independent of x, 3r - n = 0
 r  n/3
 r is integer ,  n  18
11. Greatest binomial coefficient = Coefficient of middle term 16 C8
12. Here the greatest term means the numerically greatest term.
7 r
t r 1 Cr 47r  3x  8  r 3x 8  r
  
tr 7 8r
Cr 1 4  3x 
r 1
r 4 2r since x = 2/3

8
Now tr 1  t r if 8  r  2r or r
3
This inequality is valid only for r = 1 or 2
Thus for r  1,2; tr 1  t r and

for r  3,4; tr 1  tr

 t1  t 2  t3  t 4  t 5  ......

2 2
Greatest term = t3 7 C2 45.  3x  , where x  5 2
3  21 4  2  86016
r
20  1 
3. Cr   20
t r 1  3 Cr 1 21  r 1
 r 1
 20
.  .
13. tr  1  Cr 1 3 r 3
3.20 Cr 1  
 3
t r 1  t r if only 21  r  r 3

If only r 
21

21  3 1   7.686
3 1 2

Hence t1  t 2  t3  t 4  t5  t 6  t 7  t 8  t9  t10

Hence t8 is the greatest term and its v alue is

7
20  1  20 1 1 25840
3. C7    C7 6
20 C7   2871.11
33 9
 3  3
14. Sum  C0   C1  C2   ....  Cn 1   C0  C1    C0  C1  ...  Cn2 

n
  C0  C1  C2    C0  C1  ...  Cn3   ...to   factors
2

  C0  C1  C2  ...  Cn    C0  C1  C2  ...  Cn   ...n / 2 factors

n n
.2  n.2n1
2

 C0  Cn ,C1  Cn1,C2  Cn2 ...etc 

n
15. 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ..Cn x n , Put x = -1
n
C0  C1  C2  C3  ....   1 Cn  0
2
16.  15
Cr 15 Cr 1  15
C16 r   16
C13 
2
 16
Cr  16
C16r    16
C13   r  3 or 13

n
17. x  
3  1  x  f

 0  f 1
n
Let f'  3 1 
 0  f' 1
n n
 x  f  f '   3 1    
3  1  2k,k  I

 1  f  f '  1
 f f'0
then  x   0  2k,k  I
  x   2k,k  I
1225 1915 1225
18. 10  3   10  1   20  3 
I II III

Last term of Ist and IIIrd expansion gets cancelled and rest are divisible by 10 and in IInd
expansion last term is 1 and rest are divisible by 10 so at unit place this number has digit
1.
n 1 1 2 3 n 1
19. 1  8  n1 C0 n1 C1  8  n1  8  n1  8   .... n1 Cn1  8  ...(i)
3 3 n 1
 9n1  1  n  1  8 n1 C2  8  n1  8   ... n1 Cn1  8 
2 2 n 1
 9n1  8n  9   8   n1C 2  n 1 C3  8   n 1 C 4  8   ..  n 1 Cn 1  8  
 
 9n1  8n  9  64  an integer  9n1  8n  9 divisible by 64.
 9 9
20.  332   3 1/ 2
 21/ 3 
9r 1/ 3 r
 9 Cr 3
9r  / 2
 
Tr 1 9 Cr 31/ 2  2  .2r / 3

For first integral term for r = 3

T3 1 9 C3 33.21

i.e., T3 1  T4 (4th term)

n n
21. We have,  2x  3y  4z   2x   3y  4z 
n 0 n 1 1 n 2 2
n C0  2x   3y  4z  n C1  2x   3y  4z  n C2  2x   3y  4z   ...
1 n 1 n
n Cn1  2x   3y  4z  n Cn  3y  4z 
Clearly, the first term in the above expansion gives one term, second term gives two
terms, third term gies three terms and so on.

 n  1 n  2 
So, Total number of term = 1 +2+3+...+n+(n+1) 
2
9
22. Coefficient of a3b4 c in 1  a  b  c 

9! 1
  1
3!4!1!

9! 7!2!
   9 C2 7 C3  2  2.9 C2 .7 C3 .
2!7! 3! 4!
OBJECTIVE
LEVEL - I
M.Q.
Binomial Expansion
100 100
23. The total number of terms in the expansion  x  a   x  a after simplification is
(a) 50 (b) 202 (c) 51 (d) none of these
m n
24. If in the expansion of 1  x  1  x  , the coefficients of x and x 2 are 3 and - 6 respectively,,
then m is equal to
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 24
General Term
n
3 1 
25. If the seventh terms from the beginning and the end in the expansion of  2  3  are
 3
equal then n equals
(a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 18
10
 2 
26. The 7th term from the end in the expansion of  x  2  is
 x 

10  1
(a) C4 24  2  (b) 10
C4 2 4 (c) 10 C3 23 x (d) none of these
x 
Middle Term
2n 1
27. The sum of coefficient of the two middle terms in the expansion of 1  x  is equal to

(a)  2n 1 (b)  2n 1 (c) 2n

(d) 2n
Cn Cn 1 Cn1 Cn
20
28. The middle term in the expansion of 1  x   is

20
(a) C9 x9 (b) 20
C10 x 5 (c) 20
C10 x 5 (d) none of these
Binomial Coefficient and Greatest Binomial Coefficient
th th
29. Given the integers r > 1, n > 2 and co-efficients of  3r  and  r  2  term in the binomial
2n
expansion of 1  x  are equal, then
(a) n = 2r (b) n = 3r (c) n = 2r + 1 (d) none of these
12
a 
30. In the expansion of   bx  , the coefficient of x 10 will be
x 
(a) 12a11 (b) 12b11a (c) 12a11b (d) 12a11b11
9
 2 1
31. The term independent of x in  x   is
 x
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 48 (d) 84
9
6 1 
32. The term in independent of x in the expansion of  x  3  is equal to
 x

(a) 9 C3 (b) 9 C4 (c) 9 C2 (d) none of these

Numerically Greatest Term
 100
b b
33. The largest term in the expansion    is
2 2
100 100
b 100 b
(a) b 100 (b)   (c) C50   (d) None of these
2 2
Properties of Binomial Coefficients
34. If C0 ,C1,C2 ,...Cn are Binomial coefficients, then C0  C2  C4  ...  Cn , (n is even integer),
is equal to
(a) 2n1 (b) 2n (c) 2n1 (d) 0

35. If Cr stands for n Cr then  C0  C1    C1  C2   ...   Cn1  Cn  is equal to

(a) 2n  1 (b) 2n1  1 (c) 2n1  1 (d) 2n1  2

36. If C0 ,C1,C2 ,...,Cn are Binomial coefficients, then C1  2C2  3C3  ...  nCn is equal to
(a) 2n1 (b) n2n (c) n2n1 (d) none of these

C1 C2 C
37. If C0 ,C1,C2 ,...,Cn are Binomial coefficients, then C0    ... n is equal to
2 3 n 1

2n1  1 2n1  1 2n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
n 1 n1 n 1
Application
38. The number 525  325 is divisible by
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
39. The last two digits of the number 3400 are
(a) 39 (b) 29 (c) 01 (d) 43
55
40. The number of irrational term s in the expansion of 2
1/ 5
 31/10  is

(a) 47 (b) 56 (c) 50 (d) 48

15
41. The remainder when  25  is divided by 13 equal to
(a) 1 (b) 12 (c) 0 (d) none of these
Multinomial Theorem
2 n
42. If the number of terms in the expansion of 1  2x  3x  is 36, then n equals

(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) none of these

10
43. The coefficient of x2 y3 z5 in the expansion of  x  y  z  is
(a) 1260 (b) 5040 (c) 2520 (d) none of these
P.Q.
Binomial Expansion
44. If the sum of odd numbered terms and the sum of even numbered terms in the expansion
 n n
of  x  a  are A and B respectively then the value of x 2  a2   is

(a) 4 AB (b) A 2  B2 (c) A 2  B2 (d) none of these

n
45. If 1  ax   1  8x  24x 2  ..., then the values of a and n are equal to
(a) 2, 4 (b) 2, 3 (c) 3, 6 (d) 1, 2
General Term
n
 13 a 
46. If the second term in the expansion  a   is 14a5 / 2 , then the value of n
C3 / n C2 is
 a 1 
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 12 (d) 6
n
47. In the binomial expansion of  a  b  ,n  5 , the sum of the 5th and 6th terms is zero. Then

a
is equal to
b

1 1 5 6
(a) n  5  (b) n  4 (c)  n  4  (d)  n  5 
6 5
Middle Term
11
 1
48. The product of middle terms in the expansion of  x   is equal to
 x

11  1
(a) 11
C611C6 (b) C511C6   (c) 11
C511C6  x  (d) none of these
x
n
 2 1
49. If n is even then the middle term in the expansion of  x   is 924x 6 , then n is equal to
 x
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) none of these
Binomial Coefficient & General Binomial Theorem
n
50. If the coefficients of pth (p + 1)th and (p + 2)th terms in the expansion of 1  x  are in AP
then
(a) n2  2np  4p2  0 (b) n2  n  4p  1  4p2  2  0

(c) n2  n  4p  1  4p2  0 (d) none of these

n
 x
51. If the coefficients of x and x in  2   are equal , then n is
7 8
 3
(a) 56 (b) 55 (c) 45 (d) 15
10
 x 3 
52. The term independent of x in the expansion of   2  will be
 3 2x 

3 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 4 2
 9
 x2 2 
53. The term independent of x in the expansion of    is equal to
 2 x
9
(a) C6 2
3
  (b) 9 C5  2 
4
(c) 9 C7  2 
5
(d) none of these
2n  2
54. The greatest coefficient in the expansion of 1  x  is

 2n  !  2n  2 !  2n  2  !  2n  !
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) n! n  1 ! (d) n! n  1 !
n!  n  1 !    
Numerically Greatest Term
12
55. The greatest term in the expansion of 1  2   is

(a) 7th (b) 8th (c) 6th (d) 5th .

Properties of Binomial Coefficients
4
56. The value of C3 5 C3 6 C3 7 C3 8 C3  9 C3 10 C3 11 C3 12 C3 is equal to
13 13 13 12
(a) C4  1 (b) C4 (c) C4  1 (d) C4  1

C1 C2 C3 Cn
If 1  x   C0  C1x  ....  Cn xn , then C  2 C  3 C  n C
n
57. is
0 1 2 n 1

n
2n  n  1 n  n  1 n  n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n! n! 2 2

58. The value of C1  3C3  5C5  7C7  ...., where C0 ,C3 ,C5 ,C7 , .... are binomial coefficients is
(a) n.2n1 (b) n.2n1 (c) n.2n (d) n.2n 2

22 23 n 1 2
n 1

59. n
If Cr stands for Cr , then the value of 2C  C  C  ...    1
0
2
1
3
2
 n  1 is equal to
1 1
(a) 0 if n is even (b) 0, if n is odd (c) , if n is even (d) , if n is odd
n 1 n 1
Application of Binomial Theorem
60. 260 when divided by 7 leaves the remainder
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 2
61. 49  16n  1 is divisible by
n

(a) 3 (b) 19 (c) 64 (d) 29

124
62. The number of terms in the expansion of  345  which are integers, is equal to

(a) nil (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32

10
63. The sum of the rational terms in the expansion of  2  31/ 5  is

(a) 46 (b) 42 (c) 41 (d) none of these

15
64. The remainder when  27  is divided by 13 equal to
 (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 12 (d) 8
Multinomial Theorem
4
65. The coefficients of x 2 y 2 , yzt 2 and xyzt in the expansion of  x  y  z  t  are in the ratio
(a) 4 : 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 : 4 (c) 2 : 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 : 2
n
66. The number of distinct terms in the expansion of  x  2y  3z  5w  7u  is
n 4 n 4 n5
(a) n + 1 (b) C4 (c) C2 (d) C2
KEY(Level - I)
 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d)
28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (a)
33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b)
38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (c) 41. (a) 42. (a)
43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b)
48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (b) 51. (b) 52. (b)
53. (a) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (a) 57. (d)
58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (a) 61. (c) 62. (d)
63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (b) 66. (b)

Hints & Solution

100
23. Total number of terms in the expansion of  x  a  is 101, of which 50 terms get
cancelled.
Hence (c) is the correct.

m n  m  m  1 2  n n  1 2 
24. We have 1  x  1  x   1  mx 
2
x  ... 1  nx 
2
x  ...
  

 m  m  1 n n  1 
 1   m  n x     mn  x 2  ...
 2 2 
As coefficient of x and x 2 are 3 and - 6 respectively, we get m - n = 3 ....(i)

1 1
and m  m  1  n n  1  mn  6
2 2
or m2  n2  2mn   m  n  12
2
 m  n    m  n  12
 m  n  9  12  21
On adding equation (i) and (ii), we get 2m  24 or m = 12
25. T7  T7'

 T6 1   n  7  2  term from beginning  Tn5  Tn61

6 n6
n6  1  n 6  1 
n

C6 21/ 3   31/ 3   Cn 6 2
 
1/ 3
   31/ 3 
 
n 12
n 12  1 
  21/ 3    1/ 3 
3 
 n
Cr n Cnr 
It is possible, only when n - 12 = 0
 n  12
 4
 2  10 4  1  10 6
26. The 7th term from the end = 5th term from beginning T5  C4 x   2   C 4 .2  2  .
 x  x 

27. aC0   a  d C1   a  2d C2  ...  a  C0  C1  C2  ...  d  C1  2C2  ... ..(i)

n
 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  C3 x 3  ...  Cn x n
n 1
 n 1  x   0  C1  2C2 x  3C3 x 2  ...  nCn xn1
Putting x = 1
 C1  2C2  3C3  ...  n.2n1
From (1),
aC0   a  d C1   a  2d C2  ..  a.2n  d.n2n1  2n1  2a  nd 

1/ 2 20
28. We have 1  x  , it has 21 terms in it’s expansion. So middle term is 11th term , i.e.,
10

T11  20 C10 x1/ 2   20 C10 x 5 .

th th 2n 2n
29. Coefficient of  3r  and r  2 terms will be C3r 1 and C r 1 .
These are equal either if 3r  1  r  1  r  1 (where as r > 1) (where as r > 1)
or (3r - 1) + (r + 1) = 2n  n  2r  3r
12
a 
30. Given expansion is   bx 
x 
12 r
12 a r 12  r
 General term Tr 1  Cr    bx  12 Cr  a  br x 12  2r
x
Since , we have to find the coefficient of x 10
 - 12 + 2r = -10
 r=1
Now, then coefficient of x 10 is
12 11 1
C1  a  b   12a11b .
9 r
2 r  1  9r
General term independent Cr  x   
9
31. 9 Cr x 3r 9  1 For constant term, pur r = 3
 x 
r
9 r  1   9  3r 
32. Tr 1 9 Cr  
6
x
 x
9 r r
  3   9 Cr  1r x 6 3 9 Cr  1r x  6 
  

9  3r
Now, 0r 3
6
T4  9 C3

33. If Tr 1  Tr
 Tr 1
 1
Tr

100  r  1 b / 2
 . 1
r b/2
 2r  101
 r  50.5
 r  50
50 50 100
100 b b b
 Greatest term Tr 1  T50 1  C50     100 C50  
2 2  2
n
34. 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ..  Cn x n
Put x = 1 and x = -1, then add
C0  C1  C2  ..  Cn  2n ...(i)
n
C0  C1  C2  ...   1 Cn  0 ...(ii)

2n
adding (i) and (ii), we get C0  C2  C4  ..   2n1 .
2

35.  C0  C1    C1  C2   ..   Cn1  Cn    n1C1    n1 C2    n1Cn 

n1 C0 n1 C1 n1 C2  .. n1 Cn n1 Cn1  2  2n1  2
n
36. 1  n   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ..  Cn x n
n 1
n 1  n  C1  2C2 x  ...  nCn x n1

Put x = 1, we get C1  2C2  ...  nCn  n2n1

n
37. 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ....  Cn x n
Integrate it with respect to x.
n 1
1  x  C1x 2 x3 x n 1
 C0 x   C2  ...  Cn K
n 1 2 3 n 1

1
Put x = 0 then K  , Now put x = 1
n 1

C1 C2 C 2n1  1
C0    ...  n 
2 3 n  1  n  1

525  325   5  3   5  5 .3  5 .3  ...  3 

24 23 22 2 24
38.

 525  325 is divisible by 2

100 100 100 2 100
39. 3400  34     81  1  80   1 100 C1  80  100 C2  80   .. 100 C100  80 

 1  8000  (Last two digit in each termis 00)

 Last two digits = 01
 55
40. 2 1/ 5
 31/10 
Total terms 55 +1 = 56

Tr 1 55 Cr 2
55 r  / 5
3r /10
Here r = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
no. of rational terms = 6
 no. of irratinal terms = 56 - 6 = 50
15
41.  26  1  26I  1  26I  13  12  13I  12

n 2
C 2  36 
 n  2 n  1  36
42.
2

  n  2 n  1  72  9  8
 n  1 8  n  7
10
43. Coefficient of x n1 y n2 zn3 in the expansion of  x  y  z  is

 n1  n2  n3  ! 10!
  2520
n1 !n 2 !n3 ! 2!3!5!

PQ
44. A  n C0  n C2 x 2 n C4 x 4  ... and B n C1x  n C3 x 3  n C5 x 5  ...
n n
A  B   x  a & A  B  x  a
n
then A 2  B 2  x 2  a2  
n  n  1
45. na  8  n2a 2  64, a 2  24
2

2n 8
since   6n  8n  8
n 1 3
 n  4,a  2
46. T2  14a5 / 2
1
n 1  a 
 n C1 a1/13    a 1/ 2   14a
 
5 /2

 n.an1 /13 .a3 / 2  14a5 / 2

 n.an1 /13  14a1

n.a
n 14  /13
  14 here n = 14 (satisfied)

14.13
n 14
C3 C3 1.2.3
 n
 14
 4
C2 C2 14.13
1.2
 n
47. The general term in the expansion of  a  b  is
n r r
Tr 1 n Cr  a   b 
4
 T5  T4 1 n C4an4  b  n C4an4b4
5
and T6  T51 n C5 an5  b   n C5 an5b5

Since , T5  T6  0 , therefore
n
C4an 4b4 n C5an5b5  0

a n  4 b 4 n C5
 
an  5 b5 n C 4

a n! 4! n  4  ! a n4
  .   .
b  n  5  !5! n! b 5
11
 1
48.  x  x  , it has 12 terms in it’s expansion , so there are two middle terms (6th and 7th)
 
5 6
 1  1
T6 .T7  C5 x   .11 C6 x 5 .   11 C511C6
11 6

x x

n 
49. Since , n is even therefore   1 th term is the middle terms
2 
n/2
n/ 2  1
 Tn n Cn / 2 x 2
1
   
x
= 924x 6
2

 x n / 2  x 6  n  12
n n n n
50. Coefficient of pth (p + 1)th and (p + 2) th terms in the expansion 1  x  are Cp 1, Cp , Cp 1
Since, these are in AP
n n n
 2 Cp  Cp1  Cp1

n! n! n!
2  
 n  p  !p!  n  p  1! p  1! n  p  1! p  1 !
2 p np
  
n  p  !p! n  p  1n  p !p! n  p  ! p  1 p!
 n2  n  4p  1  4p2  2  0

n 2n  7 n 2n  8
51. Here C7  C 8  n  55
37 38
10
 x 3 
52. The general term in the expansion of   2  is
 3 2x 
 10 r
r
10  3r 10  5r
10 x 2  3  10
Tr 1  Cr    2   Cr 3
2
.2r.x 2
3  2x 

10  5r
 0r 2
2
4 2
10  1  3  10  9 1 5
So, the term independent of x  C2        
3 2 2 1 3  3  2  2 4

9r r 9 r
9  x2   2  9  1 r
53. Tr 1  Cr       Cr    2  x18 3r
 2  x 2
Term independent of x means 18  3r  0  r  6

T7 9 C6 23  
54. Here 2n + 2 is even

 2n  2
C  2n  2
C 
 2n  2  !   2n  2  !
 Greatest coefficient 2n
2
 2 n 1
 n  1 !  n  1!   n  1 !2

Tr 1 12  r  1  1 
55.   
Tr r  2

r  2  1
13  r   13   r
2  2 

 13 2 
r     r  13 2  
2 1
 2  1

r  13 2  2  
r  13  0.586 

r  7.616  r  7
So, 8th term is greater.
4
56. C4  4 C3  5 C3  6 C3  ... 12 C3  4 C4

 5C4 5 C3  6 C3  ... 12 C3  1 n Cr  n Cr 1  n1 Cr 

 6 C4 6 C3  .. 12 C3  1

 13C4  1
n
 Ck  n n  n  1 n  n  1
57. k C    n  k  1  n n  1  
k 1  k 1  k 1 2 2

n
58. We know 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  C3 x 3  ...  Cn x n
n 1
n 1  x   C1  2C2 x  3C3 x 2  4C4 x 3  ...  nCn x n1
 Putting x = 1 and - 1, then add
n2n1  C1  2C2  3C3  4C4  ..  nCn

0  C1  2C2  3C3  4C4  ...

 n2n2  C1  3C3  5C3  ...

n
59. 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ..  Cn x n
n 1
1  x  1 x2 x3 xn 1
 C0 x  C1  C2  ...  Cn
n 1 2 3 n 1
Put x = -2
n 1 n 1
 1 1 22 23  2 
 2C0  C1  C2  ..  Cn
n 1 2 3 n  1
If n is odd, then L.H.S. = 0
20
60. 260  1  7   1  7I
61. We have ,
n 2 n
49n  16n  1  1  48   16n  1  1 n C1  48  n C2  48   .... n Cn  48   16n  1
2 3 n
  48n  16n n C2  48  n C3  48   .... n Cn  48 

 64n  82  n C2 .62  n C3 .63.8  n C4 .6 4 8 2  ...  n Cn .6n.8n 2 

Hence 49n  16n  1 is divisible by 64.

124  r 1/ 4 r
124 Cr 3
124 r  / 2
62. Tr 1 124 Cr 31/ 2  5  .5r / 4

For integr term r = 0, 4, 8, 12,....,124  no.  32

10 10 10  r

63. The given expansion  2  31/ 5   r 0

10
C2 2 2
3r / 5

The rational terms correspond for r = 0, r = 10

Hence the sum of rational terms 10 C0 25 10 C10 32  32  9  41 .
15
64.  26  1  26I  1

4 4!
65. Coefficient of x2 y 2 in x  y  z  t  6
2!2!

4 4!
Coefficient of yzt 2 in  x  y  z  t    12
1!1! 2!

4 4!
and coefficient of xyzt in  x  y  z  t    24
1!1!2!
 Required ratio is 6 : 12 : 24 or 1 : 2 : 4
66. Number of distinct terms

n  4 C 4 
n  4 n  3  n  2 n  2   n  1n  2 n  3 n  4 
n 4 Cn .
1.2.3.4 24
 LEVEL - II
M.Q.
19 19
67. The number of terms in the expansion of 2  4 3x    2  4 3x  is

(a) 40 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 5

7 7
68. The expression x  x2  1   x  x3  1  is a polynomial of degree

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) none of these

29
69. In the expansion of 1  x  coefficient of (r + 1)th term is equal to that of (r + k)th term,
thent he value of k cannot be
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 1
n
70. The sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of x 3 / 4  ax 5 / 4   lies between 200
and 400 and the term independent of x equals 448. The value of a is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) for no value of a
n
71. In the expansion of  x  a  there is only one middle term. For x = 3, a = 2 seventh term is
numerically greatest term : the value of n must be
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) None of these
1 2 1 1
72. The value of    .... 
 2n  1 !1!  2n  3 !2!  2n  5 ! 4!  2n  3  !2! equal to
(a) 22n1 (b) 22n2 (c) 22n3 (d) none of these
23
73. C0 23 C2  23 C4  .. 23 C22 equals
(a) 223  2 (b) 222 (c) 211 (d) none of these

10 20 10

74. 
If 1  x  2x
2
   ar xr then a 2r 1 equals
r 0 r 1

(a) 2  69 (b) 3  69 (c) 610 (d) none of these

75.    2 n 2

If (1  x  1  x  x ... 1  x  x  ..  x  a0  a1x  a 2 x  ... then
2
a0  a2  a4  a6  ...
equals

n!  n  1 !
(a) n ! (b) (n + 1) ! (c) (d)
2 2
76. 377 when divided by 8 leaves the remainder
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

278
77. Fractinal part of is
31

2 4 8
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
31 31 31
 20
78. The number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of  x  y  z  is
(a) 210 (b) 253 (c) 231 (d) 190
2n 1 2n 1
79. The number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of  a  b  c   a  b  c  is
2 2
(a)  n  1 (b)  n  1 (c) 4n2  1 (d) none of these

P.Q.
7 7
 
80. The expression 3x 2  1 


x  3x 2  1   x  

3x 2  1  is polynomial of degree

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) none of these

81. If a  b  2 , then maximum value of the term independent
2 of x in the expansion of
9
ax 1/ 6
 bx 1/ 3  is  a  0,b  0 

(a) 48 (b) 84 (c) 42 (d) 168

480
82. The number of terms in the expansion of  6
886  which are not integers is

(a) 460 (b) 21 (c) 461 (d) 459

15
83. The sum of all rational numbers in the expansion of 3 1/ 5
 21/ 3  is

(a) 39 (b) 59 (c) 41 (d) 61

C1 C2 C3 C
84. If Cr n Cr then   .....  100 is equal to
2 3 4 101

1 1 100 201
(a) (b) (c) (d)
101 101 101 101

85. The co-efficient of xn in the polynomial x  2n

C0  x  2n
C2  x  2n
 
C4 ... x  2n C2n is 
(a) 22n1 (b) 2 2n 1 (c) 2n (d) 2n1
n
86. C20 n C12 n C22  .... n Cn2 equals

2n! 2n!
(a) (b) (c) 2n (d) 2n n!
n! n!n!
20
87. 
If 1  x  2x 2   a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ....  a40 x 40 then a1  a3  a5  .....  a37 is equal to

20 20
(a) 2 2  19   20 20
(b) 2 2  21  20 20
(c) 2 2  19   19

20
(d) 2 2  21 
86 103
88. 103    86  is divisible by
(a) 7 (b) 13 (c) 17 (d) 23
89. If 23n  bn  a is divisible by 49 then (a, b) is
(a) (- 1, -7) (b) (1, 7) (c) (1, 49) (d) (7, 49)
n
 x2  1 x4 
90. Number of terms in the Expansion of 
x2
  n  N is
 
 (a) 2n + 1 (b) 2n (c) n2  n  1 (d) None of these
91. Which of the following is correct?
100 101 25 26 299 300 198 199
(a) 10   100  (b)  26    25  (c)  300    299  (d) 199   198 
n 1
92. In the expansion of 1  ax  a  0,n  N
(a) there is only one middle term if n is even
(b) there are two middle terms if n is odd
(c) middle term has greatest coefficient
(d) middle term has greatest coefficient if a = 1
93. The product of any r consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by
(a) r  1 ! (b) r !

(c) r  1 ! (d)  0! 1! 2  2! 3  3!  , if r  4

6 6
94. Assertion (A) : Greatest coefficient of the expansion of 1  3x  is C3 33 .
2n
Reason (R) : Greatest coefficient in the expansion of 1  x  is the middle term.

95. Assertion (A) : Maximum value of  2  4   10


C1  8  10

C2  16  10

C3  .. is 2  310

n
Reason (R) :  a  x   nCr anr xr
12
96. Assertion (A) : Coefficient of ab9 cd in the expansion of  a  b  c  d is 1320.
n
Reason (R) : General term in the expansion of  x1  x 2  x3  ......xm  is

n!
x11 x 2 2 ..x mn where     ..    n .
1 !  2 !..n ! 1 2 m
 KEY(Level - II)
67. (c) 68. (d) 69. (c) 70. (b) 71. (c)
72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (d) 76. (c)
77. (c) 78. (c) 79. (d) 80. (c) 81. (b)
82. (a) 83. (b) 84. (c) 85. (a) 86. (b)
87. (d) 88. (c) 89. (b) 90. (c) 91. (b,c)
92. (d) 93. (a,b,c) 94. (d) 95. (b) 96. (a)

Hints & Solution

2 18
 19   .... 19 C 2 4 3x
67.
19 19 17
Final Expresion  2  C0 2  C2 2 4 3x

  

18   ).

68. Givne Expression  2 Cx

7
0
7
   
2
 7 C 2 x 5 x 3  1  7 C 4 x 3 x 3  1  7 C6 x x 3  1  
3

Clearly maximum power of x is 10. Hence degree = 10.

29
69. Given that Cr 29 Cr k 1
 either r  r  k  1 or r + r + k - 1 = 29
 k = 1 or, k = 30 - 2r = an even no.
 r cannot be equal to 3.
70. 200  2n  400  n  8 (n = an integer)
r
8
3
 8 r   54  0
t k 1  Ck  x  4
 ax   4.48x
 

 X6 2r  x 6  r  3
 8 C3 a3  448  a  2
n
t7 C a6 x n6
71.  1  n 6 5 n5  1
t6 C5a x

 n  14 (on simplification)
t7 33
Similarly, t  1  n  2
8

Since there is only one middle term, n must be even.

so n = 14 or, 16. However on simplification n = 16 gives the greatest term.
1 1
72. Clearly  2n1 C0 
 2n  1 !1!  2n  1!
1 1
 2n1 C2 
 2n  3  !2!  2n  1 ! etc.
Thus, given expression
1

  1 !
2n
 2n 1
C0  2n1 C2  2n1 C4  ...2n 1 C2n2 
 1 22n1 22n 2
 
 2n  1 ! 2  2n  1 !
223
73. Given sum = sum of odd terms   222 .
2
2 10
74. 1  x  2x   a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ..a19 x19  a20 x 20

10
Replacing x by - x , 1  x  2x 2    a0  a1x  a2 x 2 ...a19 x19  a20 x 20

Subtracting and putting x = 1, we have 210  410  2  a1  a3  ...  a19 

210  410 10
   a2r 1 .
2 r 1

75. Put x = 1 and - 1 and add

a0  a1  a2  ..  1  11  1  11  1  1 ... n  1

also, a0  a1  a2 ..  0  an integer adding,

2  a0  a2  a4  ..  1 2  3  ....  n  1   n  1 !

 a0  a 2  a 4  ... 
 n  1 !
2
38
76. 377  3.3 76  3.938  3 1  8  3  38
C 0  38 C18  38 C 2 8 2  ... 
38  38

C1 39 C2 8  ...  3  8  an integer..

15
77. 278  23.275  8 25    8 1  31  8
15
 15
C0 15 C131  ... 15 C15  31
15

278  8 + an integer multiple of 31

278 8
 + an integer..
31 31
20 19 18
78. Given expansion 20 C0  x  y  z0 20 C1  x  y  z 20 C2  x  y  z 2  .. 20 C20 z 20
20 19
Clearly, number of terms in x  y , x  y z,.. are 21, 20, 19, ....2, 1

21 22
Total terms  1  2  3  ...21   231.
2
2n 1 2n 1
79. Given expansion   a  b   c   a  b   c

2n 2n  2
 2  2n1C1  a  b  c  2n 1 C3  a  b  c 3  ..   2n 1C 2n 1C 2n 1 
 
Number of dissimilar term
  2n  1   2n  1  ....  2n  3   ....  5  3  1

n 1

2
 2  1  n  1  1 2   n  12 .
80. Given expression  2 3x 2  1

3 5 7
7 
6 2 7
 C1x 3x  1  C3 x

4
 
3x 2  1 7 C5 x 2  
3x 2  1  7 C7  
3x 2  1 

Clearly maximum power of x is 8.
Hence degree = 8.
th
81. Let  k  1 term be independent of x.

9 k k
9k k 
 tk 1 9 Ck ax1/ 6   bx  1/ 3
 9 Ck a 9  k b k x 6 3

9k k
As t k 1 is independent of x;  0
6 3
6
 k  3;t 4 9 C3a 6b3  9 C3  a 2b 
6
6  a2  b 
 84  ab 2
  84 
 2
 ;  G.M  A.M  84  a  b  2 

2

82. 460, No. of integers = 21

Total term = 481
15 k k
83. t k 1 15 Ck  3  5  23
Clearly t k 1 will be an integer if k  0,15

Required sum 15 C0 33 15 C15 25  27  32  59

100
84. 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  C3 x3  .....  C100 x100
Integrating between 0 & 1
1 1
 1  x 101   C x2 C x3 C x101 
   C0 x  1  2  ....  100 
 101   2 3 101  0
0

 1  C1 C2 C
0    C0   ...  100
 101  2 3 101

C1 C2 C 1 100
   .. 100  1   .
2 3 101 101 101

2n 2n 2n 2n 22n
85. Required Coefficient  C0  C2  C4  ....  C2n   22n 1
2
n
86. 1  x  n C0 n C1x n C2 x 2  .. n Cn x n ... ..(i)
n
 x  1 n C0 x n n C1x n1 n C2 xn2  ... n Cn

Multiply (i) and (ii) and consider the coefficient of xn both sides , we have

2 2 2 2n 2n!
 n
C0   n
C1   ...   n
Cn  = co-efficient of xn in 1  x  2n Cn 
n!n!
 20
87. Put x =1, -1 and subtract 1  1  2   a0  a1  a2  ...  a 40
20
1  1  2   a0  a1  ....  a39  a40

420  220  2  a1  a3  a5  ..  a39 

420  220
 a1  a3  a5  .....  a 37   a39 ...(i)
2

to calculate a39

1   x  2x   2 20

2 19 219
 
 20 C0  20 C1 x  2x 2  20 C2 x  2x 2   
 ...  20 C19 x  2x 2  
 20 C20 x  2x 2 
19 20

Also, x  2x 2   x 20 1  2x 

20
i.e., a39 = coeff of x19 in 1  2x  20 C19  219  20  219
39 19 19 19 20
From (i), Required sum  2  2  20  2  2 2  21 .  
88. Given expression

 1  102 
86
 1  85 
103
 2
 
 1  86 C1102  86 C 2 102   ...;  1 103 C185 103 C 2  85   ...
2

 17  86
C1 6 86 C2 102  6  ...    103
C15 103 C2 85  5  ....; 
n
89. 8n  bn  a  1  7   bn  a

 1  7n  n C2 72 n C3 7 3  ...  bn  a

 1  a    7  b  n  49  n
C2 n C3 7  ... 
clearly 1 - a = 0 & 7 - b = 0
n
  1 2 
90. Given expansion  1   2  x  
 x 
2 3
 1   1   1 
 1  n C1  2  x 2   n C 2  2  x 2   n C3  2 2 
 ...
 x   x  x x 
on expanding each term, two dissimilar terms are added in the expansion. For example
3
 1 2   1 1 2 6
in  2  x    6  2  3x  x  . only x 6 and x 6 are new terms. co-efficients of x 2
x  x x 
n 2
and x 2 have occured earlier in C1 x  x
2
 
so, no of terms  1  2  2  2  .... up to n terms
 1  2n  1  n  n  1  n2  n  1 .
n
91. We note that each option is of the form n  1  or  nn1
 n n
 n  1 
1  1
1
Now,
nn1 n  n 
n 2 3
 1 1 n  n  1  1  n n  1n  2   1 
But, 1    1  n.        .....
 n n 2!  n  3! n
n
1 1 1  1 2  1
 1 1   1     1    1    ..... Clearly ,  1    2 ...(i)
2!  n  3!  n   n   n 

1
n
 1 1 1 1
1  2   2  3  ...  2  2  3
Also  n  2 2 2 1 , provided n > 3.
1
2
n n
 1 2 1 1 3
 2   1    3    1     1 , for n > 3.
 n  n n  n  n
n
 n  1 n
 n 1
 1   n  1  nn1 for n > 3, which is satisfied only by the option (b) & (c).
n
93. Product of r consecutive natural numbers

n  r 
 P   n  1 n  2  ..  n  r   P
n!
P is divisible by r!. hence also by (r - 1)!
Now, 0! 1! 2  2! 3  3!  24  4! ,
So, if r  4 , P is divisible by 4!.
 LEVEL - III
M.Q.
100
 3 1 
97. The numbers of terms in the expansion of  a  3  1 is
 a 
100
(a) 201 (b) 300 (c) 200 (d) C3
98. The coefficient of x 50 in the expansion of
1000 999 998
1  x   2x 1  x   3x2 1  x   ...  1001x1000 is
1000 1001 1002
(a) C50 (b) C50 (c) C50 (d) 21001

10
 x 1 x 1 
  
99. The coefficient of the term independent of x in the expansion of  2 1 1
 is
 x3  x3 x  x2 
(a) 70 (b) 112 (c) 105 (d) 210
4n  2
100. The number of real negative terms in the binimial expansion of 1  ix  ,n  N, x  0 , is
(a) n (b) n + 1 (c) n - 1 (d) 2n
2n
101. If the middle term of 1  x   x  0,n  N is the greatest term of the expansion . Then the
interval in which x lies, is

n  1 n  2   n  1 n  1  n n  1
(a)  , (b)  , (c)  , (d) None
 n n   n n  
n  1 n 

1 1
102. If x   1 and p  x1000  n
and q be the digit at unit place in the number 22  1,n  N
x 1000
and n > 1, then p + q =
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) none
103. If m and n are any two odd positive integers with n < m, then the largest positive integer
which divides all numbers of the form, m2  n2 is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9
20
104. 
If 1  x  2x 2   a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ...  a 40ax 40 , then a0  a2  a4 ....  a38 equals

19 20
(a) 2 2  1   19 20
(b) 2 2  1   20 19
(c) 2 2  1   (d) None of these

105. The coefficient of xn in polynomial x  2n 1

C0  x  2n 1
   
C1 .. x  2n1 C2 ... x  2n 1 Cn is 
(a) 2n1 (b) 22n1  1 (c) 22n (d) None of these
n
r n  1 3r 7r 
106. If n  N , then   1 Cr  r  2r  3r  ....tom terms 
r 0 2 2 2 

2mn 2mn  1 2mn  1

(a) 2n  1 2mn (b) 2n  1 2mn (c) 2n  1 2mn (d) None of these
     
n an
107. If 1  ax   1  8x  24x 2  ....; than is equal to
an
 1 1
(a) 3 (b) - 3 (c)  (d)
3 3

 5200 
108. If x represents the fractional part of x, then  8  is
 

1 1 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 8 8
n
109. If I is integral part of 2  3   and f is its fractional part. Then I  f 1  f  is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) n (d) None of these

100
2n
110. For integer n  1, the digit at unit place in the number  r ! 2
r 0
is

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0

P.Q.
111. Let n be an odd natural number greater than 1. Then the number of zeros at the end of the
sum 99n  1 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) None of these
m n
112. If in the expansion of 1  x  1  x  , the coefficient of x and x 2 are 3 and - 6 respectively,,
then m is [IIT - 99]
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 24
10 2
113. If 1  x   a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ...  a10 x10 , then  a0  a2  a4  a6  a8  a10  
2
 a1  a3  a5  a7  a9  is equal to

(a) 310 (b) 210 (c) 29 (d) None of these

m m 1 n
114. The coefficient of xm in 1  x   1  x   ....  1  x  ,m  n is
n 1 n 1
(a) Cm 1 (b) Cm1 (c) n Cm (c) n Cm1

n  r 1 n 
115.  Cr r Cp 2p  is equal to
r 1  p 1 
(a) 4n  3n  1 (b) 4n  3n  1 (c) 4n  3n  2 (d) 4n  3n

C0 C1 C2 C3 n Cn
116. The value of 1.3  2.3  3.3  4.3  ....   1  n  1 .3 is

3 n 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 3 n  1 (d) None of these
n 1 3
n n
1 r
117. If an   n , then  n equals [IIT - 98]
r 0 Cr r 0 Cr

1
(a)  n  1 an (b) n an (c) n an (d) None of these
2
 m
 10   20  p
118. The sum   1   m  i  , where    0 if p < q is maximum, when m is [IIT - 2002]
i 0     q
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20
119. The remainder when 7103 is divided by 25 is
(a) 0 (b) 18 (c) 16 (d) 9
n
120. Integer part of  7  4 3  ,n  N , is
(a) an even number
(b) an odd number
(c) an even or odd number depending upon the value of n
(d) cannot be determined
2n 1
121. Integral part of 5 5  11  is

(a) even (b) odd

(c) even or odd depending upon the value of n (d) cannot be determined
6
 2  1  , where [x] represents integral part of x is
122. The value of 

 

(a) 199 (b) 198 (c) 197 (d) 196
123. 260 when divided by 7 leaves the remainder
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 2
124. Let f  n   10n  3.4n2  5,n  N . The greatest value of the integer which divides f(n) for all
n is
(a) 27 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) None of these
40
125. The sum of the coefficients of all the integral powers of x in the expansion of 1  2 x   is

1 40 1 40
(a) 340  1 (b) 340  1 (c)
2

3 1  (d)
2

3 1 
126. The last two digits of the number 3400 are
(a) 39 (b) 29 (c) 01 (d) 43
20
3 1 
127. In the expansion of  4  4 
 6
(a) the number of irrational terms = 19 (b) middle term is irrational
(c) the number of rational term = 2 (d) 9th term is rational
20
128. 
Let R  8  3 7  and [R] = the greatest integer less than or equal to R. Then

(a) [R] is even (b) [R] is odd

1
R  R  1 
(d) R  R R   1  R
20 2
(c)
8  3 7 
 2n 1
129. If n is a positive integer and 5  2 6    S  t , where S is an integer and 0  t  1 then

(a) S is an odd integer

(b) S + 1 is not divisible by 9
2n 1
(c) The integer next above 5  2 6  is divisible by 10

t
(d) S  1 
t 1
130. The binomial expansion having term independent of x is
25
 3 1  23 24 25
(a)  x  2 
 x  
(b) x1/ 3  2x1/ 5  
(c) x 1/ 5  2x 3 / 5  
(d) x1/ 5  2x 2 / 5 
n
131. If A be the sum of odd terms and B the sum of even terms in the expansion of  x  a 
then
n

(a) A 2  B 2  x 2  a2  (b) 4AB   x  a 
2n
  x  a
2n

2n 2n n
(c) 4AB   x  a    x  a 
(d) A 2  B2  x 2  a2 
Comprehension - 1
n
Suppose  
2  1  p   where p is an integer and  is a proper fraction, n  N

132. If n = 6 then p is
(a) 196 (b) 197 (c) 198 (d) 199
133. Which of the following is true about p
(a) It is always an odd integer (b) It is an even integer
(c) It is an odd integer if n is even (d) It may be even or odd
134 Value of 1   p    is
n 1 n 1
(a) -1 (b)  2 1  (c)  2 1 (d) 1

135. Column - I Column - II

10
x 2 
(i) If rth then of   2  contains x 4 term r is then (a) 7
3 x 
(ii) If numerical coefficient of the pth term in the exp. of (b) 3
6
 2x  3  is 576 then p is
(iii) If n  N then no. of dissimilar terms in the expension (c) sum of coeff. of
n 2 n
of  x  1/ x  1 can be 1  2n  n 
(iv) 3200 when divided by 8 leaves remainder as (d) 1
 KEY
97. (a) 98. (c) 99. (d) 100. (d) 101. (c)
102. (b) 103. (c) 104. (b) 105. (c) 106. (c)
107. (c) 108. (b) 109. (b) 110. (d) 111. (c)
112. (c) 113. (b) 114. (a) 115. (d) 116. (c)
117. (c) 118. (c) 119. (b) 120. (b) 121. (a)
122. (c) 123. (c) 124. (b) 125. (d) 126. (c)
127. (a,b,c,d) 128. (b,c,d) 129. (a,b,c,d) 130. (a,c) 131. (a,c)
132. (b) 133. (c) 134. (d) 135. i-b, ii-b,c, iiii-b,d,iv-b,c
Hints & Solution
100 2 100
 3 1  100  1  1  a 
97.  a a 3  1  1 C1  a 3  3  100 C 2  a3  3   ... 100 C100  a 3  3 
   a   a   a 

b1 b2 b
 a0  a1a3  a2a6  ....  a100 a300  3
 6  .....  100
a a a300
Where a0 = sum of all absolute terms  1 100 C2 .2  ....

Similarly a1,a2 ,...a100 and b1,b2 ...b100 are coefficients obtained after simplification.
 Total number of terms = 1 + 100 + 100 = 201
1000 999 998
98. Let, S  1  x   2x 1  x   3x 2 1  x   ...  1001x1000

x 999 998 1001x1001

S  x 1  x   2x 2 1  x   ....  1000x1000 
1 x 1 x
Subtract above equations,

 x  1000 999 998 1001x1001

1   S  1  x   x 1  x   x 2 1  x   .....  x1000 
 1 x  1 x
1001 1000 999
 S  1  x   x 1  x   x2 1  x   ....  x1000 1  x   1001x1001
1002
 1  x   x1002  1002x1001
1002
 Coefficient of x 50 in S = coefficient of x 50 in 1  x   x1002  1002x1001  1002 C50


1/ 3 3 3


 x   1 
 x  1
99. Given expression
x 2/ 3
x 1/ 3
1 x 1/ 2
x 1/ 2
1 
x 1/ 3

 1 x 2 / 3  x1/ 3  1   x 1/ 2

 1 x1/ 2  1 
 x
1/ 3
  
 1  1  x 1/ 2  x1/ 3  x 1/ 2
x 2/3
x 1/ 3
1  x 1/ 2
x 1/ 2
1 
10
 x 1 x 1  10
 1/ 3
 x 2 / 3  x1/ 3  1  x  x1/ 2   x  x
 
1/ 2
 
10 10 r r r
 1/ 3
Tr 1 in x  x
1/ 2
 is 10

Cr x1/ 3  .  1 . x 1/ 2 
  10 r 
  
 10  r r 
r 10
which is independent of x if   0r  4
  1 Cr x  3 2
 3 2
4
Hence required coefficient 10 C4  1  210
r
100. t r 1 4n2 Cr ix   4n2 Cr ir x r
Since, x > 0
 tr 1 is negative real if ir is negative and real.

 ir  1  r  2,6,10,....., which form an A.P..

Also 0  r  4n  2

 4n  2  2   k  1 4  k  n
 the required number of terms = n
101. Middle term 2n Cn .xn  t n1

It t n 1 is the greatest term also, then tn 1  tn ..(1)

t n 1  tn  2 ...(2)
From (1),

 2n
Cn .x n 2n Cn1.xn1 
 2n  !   2n  !  n  1 x  n  x 
n
..(i)
n!n!  n  1! n  1! n 1
From (2)

2n
Cn .x n 2n Cn1.xn1 
 2n !   2n  ! x  x  n  1
 ...(ii)
n!n! n  1n  1! n

 n n  1
So, From (i) and (ii), x   , .
n  1 n 

1 1  3i
102. x  1  x2  x  1  0  x   x  , 2
x 2

1 333 1 1
 Now,
p  1000 
1000  
 3 . 
3 333
 

   2  1
  .

Similarly, for x  2 , also p = - 1

For n  1,2n  4k,k  N

2 4k n k
 2  2  16  = a number with last digit = 6

 q = (the digit at unit place in 22n ) + 1 = 6+1=7

 p + q = 7 + (- 1) = 6.
103. Let m = 2 and n = 2p - 1, p < k.
Then m2  n2   m  n m  n    2k  2p  2  2k  2p   4 k  p  1 k  p 
Further if k and p both even, then k - p is even but k + p - 1 is odd.
If k and p both odd then k - p is even but k + p - 1 is odd. If one is even and other odd then k
- p is odd but k + p - 1 is even. Thus is every case (k - p) (k + p - 1) even.
  m2  n2 is divisible by 4  2  8 . Hence, m2  n2 is divisible by 8 or any multiple of 8. The
largest among the given options is 8.
104. Putting x = 1 and -1 we get 420  a0  a1  a2  ...  a40 and 220  a0  a1  a2  ...  a40

 420  220  2  a 0  a 2  a 4  ....  a 40 

420  220
 a0  a2  a4  ...  a38  a40 
2

420  220
 a0  a2  a 4  ....  a38   a40
2
20 20
Now, Tr 1 in 1  x  2x 2   
 20 Cr x  2x 2 
a 40 = coefficient of x 40  220

440  220 240  220

then a0  a2  a4  ...  a38 
2
 220 
2
 219 220  1  
105. x  2n 1
C0  x  2n 1

C1 x  2n1 C2 ... x  2n 1 Cn   
 xn 1  xn  2n 1
C0  2n1 C1  2n1 C2  ....  2n 1 Cn  ..... 
 Coefficient of xn (say) P  2n1 C0  2n 1 C1  2n 1 C2  ....  2n 1 Cn

 P 2n1 C2n1  2n1 C2n  2n1 C2n1  .....  2n1 Cn1

2P  22n1 (on adding) ( Cr  Cnr )

n n

 P  22n
n
r n  1 r  3 r  7 r 
106. The given series is   1 Cr          ....tom terms 
r 0  2   4   8  

n r 2 3 n
r n  1  1  1  1  1 1
Now   1 Cr    1 n C1    n C2   n C3    ...   1    n
r 0 2 2 2  2  2 2

n r n
r n 3  3 1
Similarly   1
r 0
Cr     1    n ... etc.
4
   4  4

1   1 m 
1   n  
1 1 1 2n   2    2  1
mn

 The given series   n  n  ... to m terms 

2n
4 8 1 n
1  
2mm 2n  1
2

n 1 2
107. C0 n C1  ax  n C2  ax   ...  1  8x  24x2  ...(1)

Compairing coefficient of x 0 , x1, x 2 in equation (1),

n
C0  1  1  1 ....(2)
n
C1a  8  na  8 .....(3)
 n n n  1
and C2 .a 2  24  a 2  24 ....(4)
2

8
Put n  in equation (4) from equation (3)
a

 8 2 8  2
      a  48  64  8a  48  a  2
  a  a 

an 24 1
 n=4   
an 24 3
200

108.
5200

52   
1  24 
200


1 100 C1.24 100 C2  24 
100


1
 integer
8 8 8 8 8

 5200  1
  
 8  8
n
109. Given 2  3   1  f , where I is integer and 0  f  1. We note that 2  3 2  3  1.   
So let us assume that
n
 
F  2  3 . Clearly 0  F  1 . Now,,

n n
I f F  2 3    2  3   2  n C0 2n  n C2 2n 2.3  n C4 .2n 4.3 2  ... 2  integer = Integer

 I  f  F is integer  f  F must be integer..

 0  f  1 and 0 < F < 1  0 < f + F < 2
 f  F  1 F  1 f
n n
 I  f 1  f   I  f  F  2  3   2  3  1

110.  The digit at unit place in each of 5!, 6!, ......100! is 0 and 0! + 1! + 2! + 3! + 4! = 34
100

 Digit at unit place in  r ! is 4. Now

r 0
n
22  24k ( k  N,  2 is multiple of 4, n > 1)
n

n k
 The digit at unit place in 22  24k  16  is 6.

1000
2n
 The digit at unit place in  r ! 2
r 0
0

n
111. 1  99n  1  100  1  1   n

C0 100n n C1.100n 1  ....n Cn because n is odd.

 100  n
C0 .100n1  n C1.100n 2  ..... n Cn 2 .100  n Cn1 
 100  integer whose units place is different from 0
[ n Cn1  n , has odd digit at unit place]

 There are two zeros at the end of the sum 99n  1 is 2.

112. We have

m n  m m  1 2 m m  1 m  2  3 
1  x  1  x   1  mx  x  x ....
 2! 3! 

 n  n  1 2 n n  1 n  2  3 
 1  nx  x  x  ...
 2! 3! 

 m  m  1 n n  1 
 1  m  n x     mn  x 2  ......
 2! 2! 

m  m  1  n  n  1  2mn
Given, m  m  3 ....(1) and  6
2!
 m2  m  n2  n  2mn  12
2
 m  n  m  n   12  m  n  9  12  21 ....(2) (using (1))
Solving (1) and (2), we get m = 12.
113. Pub x = i and - i,
10
1  i  a0  a1i  a2  a3i  a 4  ..  a10 ....(1)
10
1  i  a0  aii  a2  a3i  a4  ...  a10 ...(2)
Multiple (1) and (2),
2 2
210   a0  a2  a 4  ...  a10    a1  a3 a5  a9 

114. The coefficient of xm in

m m 1 m 2 n
 1  x   1  x   1  x   ...  1  x 

m Cm m 1 Cm m 2 Cm  ... n Cm

m1 Cm1 m1 Cm m2 Cm  ... n Cm [m Cm m1 Cm1  1 ]

m  2 Cm 1  m  2 Cm  ....  n Cm n Cr n Cr 1 n1 Cr 1 

m3 Cm1  .... n Cm n1 Cm1

n  r 1 n  n  r 1 
115.  Cr .r Cp .2p    n Cr   r Cp .2p 
r 1  p0  r 1  p 0 
n n n

 r

  n Cr 1  2   2r   n Cr 3r  n Cr 2r  4n  1  3n  1  4n  3n
r 1 r 1 r 1
   
n
116. Given, 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x2  ...  Cn xn ... 1
Integrating both sides of (1) from - 1 to 0
0 0
n
  1  x 
1
dx   C
1
0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn xn dx 
 0 0
n 1
1  x   C x2 C x n1 
  C0 x  1  ..  n C C n Cn 1
   C0  1  2  ...   1 
n 1  2 n  1  1 2 3 n  1 n 1
1

1 C1 C2  1  1  1
Required identity  3  C0  2  3  ...   3 .  n  1   3 n  1 .
     
n
r 0 1 2 n
117. Let Sn   n     ...  n
r 0 Cr n C0 n C1 n C2 Cn

n n 1 n  2 n  2 n
Again, Sn  n C  n C  n C  n C  ...  n C [in descending order]
n n 1 n 1 n2 0

n n n n
2Sn  n
n n  ....  n n Cr n Cnr 
C0 C1 C2 Cn

 nan

n
 Sn  an .
2
m
 10   20  m 10 20
118.      Ci
i 0  i   m  i  i 0
Cm 1

20 C020 Cm 10 C120Cm1  .... 10 Cm20C0

10 20
= coefficient of xm in the expansion of 1  x   x  1
30
= coefficient of xm in 1  x  30 Cm

30
Now 30
Cm is maximum, when m   15 .
2
51 51
119. 
7103  7  49   7  50  1  7 5051  51 C150 50  51 C 2 50 49  ....  1 

 7 5051 51 C15050  51 C2 5049  ....   7  18  18  

 7 5051  51 C150 50  51 C2 50 49  ...  51 C50 50  25  18 
 When 7103 is divided by 25, remainder is 18.
n
120. The 7  4 3  
 I  f , where I is integer and 0  f  1. Also 7  4 3 7  4 3  1  
 0  7  4 3 1
n
Let 7  4 3   F , then 0 < F < 1.

 2

I  f  F  2 7n  n C 2 7n  2  48  n C 4 7n  4  48   ....  2k where k is an integer..

 I is an integer.
 f + F = 2k - I is integer ...(A)
Now 0  f  1 and 0  F  1
  0  f F  2 ...(B)
From (A) and (B)  f + F = 1. Now, from (A) 1 = 2k - I  I = 2k - I
n
 I is an odd integer  integral part of 7  4 3  is odd

2n 1 2n 1
121. 5 5  11   I  f and let 5 5  11  F

2n 1 2n 1
Also I  f  F  5 5  11   
 5 5  11 
n n 1 3
 2  2n 1 C1  25  11  2n 1 C 3  25  11  ...  2 (Integer) = Even integer..
 
Hence f - F = 2k-I is an integer. Now , 0  f  1 and 0  F  1  1  F  0
 1  f  F  1 , therefore f - F = 0  I = 2k = even integer..
6
122. Let  
2  1  I  f , where I is integer and 0  f  1.

  2 1  
2  1  1 0  2  1  1

6
Let F   
2 1  0  F 1

6 6
Now, I  f  F   2 1   
2  1   6 C0 23  6 C2 22 6 C4 2 6 C6   198

 I + f + F is integer..
 0  f  1 and 0 < F < 1  f  F  1
 I + f + F = 198  I + 1 = 198  I = 197
6
 2  1   197
 I    

20
123. 260  1  7  20 C0 29 C1.7 20 C2 .72  ...  20 C20 .720

 The remainder 20 C0  1

124. f  n   10n  3.4n 2  5  10n  1  3.4n 2  6  10n  1  6 22n3  1    

 
 10  1 10n1  10n 2  ....  10  1  6  2  1 22n 1  2 2n1  ...  2  1  
10n1  10n2  ....  10  1 is an odd number which is not divisible by any odd number for all
n.
22n 2  22n1  ...  2  1 is also an odd number which is not divisible by any odd number for
all n.
So, f(n) is divisible by 9.
40
125. The coefficients of the integral powers of x are C0 ,40 C2 .22 40
C4 .24 ,...,40 C40 .240
40
1  2  40 C0  40 C1 2  40 C2 .22  ...  40 C40 .240
40
1  2  40 C0 40 C1 2  40 C2 .22  ...  40 C40 .240

Adding, 340  1  2  (required sum)

 100 100 100 2 100
126. 3400  34    81  1  80   1 100 C1  80  100 C2  80   .... 100 C100  80 

 1  8000 + (Last two digit in each term is 00)

Last two digits = 01.
20 r r 40  2r r r 160 11r r
 
127. t r 1 20 Cr .4 3
.6 4
20 Cr .2 3
.2 4 .3 4  20 Cr .2 12
.3 4

r 160  11r
For rational terms, and must be integers and r should lie in the internal
4 12
0, 20  .
r
Now, = integer  , r = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
4

160  11r
Clearly, for r = 8 and 20, is also an integer..
12
 Only two terms are rational. So, 21-2=19 terms are irrational .
For middle term r = 10
So, middle term is also irrational.
20
128. R  R  f  8  3 7   20 C0 820 20 C1819 3 7  ..., where 0 , f < 1.  
20

F 83 7  20 C0 .820 20 C1819 3 7  ..... , where 0 < F < 1  
2
 20  .... = an even integer..
 R   f  F  2  C0 .8  C2 8 3 7

20 20 18
  

 f + F = an integer = 1 as 0 < f < 1. 0 < F < 1.

 [R] = an even iteger - 1 = an odd integer..
20 1
Also,
R  R  f  1  F  1  8  3 7    1 20
8  3 7 
Again RF  1  R 1  f   1  R 1  R  R   1. Therefore R  R R   1  R 2 .

129. 5  2 6 
2n 1

 52 6 
2n 1
2  2n 1
C0 52n1  2n1 C2 52n1 2 6  
2

 ...  2n1 C 2n 5. 2 6 
2n


or S  t  f  2  5  2n 1
C0 5 2n  2n1 C15 2n 2 2 6  
2
 ...  2n1 C 2n 2 6  
2n


2n 1
Where, f  5  2 6  
Clearly S  t  f  10  an integer = a multiple of 10 ...(1) and 0 < f < 1
Also, 0  t  1 (given)
 0f t2
but from (1) ; a multiple of 10
f  t  S  an integer (S = integer)
 f+t=1
 (only integer between 0 and 2 is 1)
Agains from (1)
S = a multiple of 10 - 1 = an odd integer
S + 1 = a multiple of 10; not divisible by 9
Integer next to S is S + 1, divisible by 10
t t
S 1  S  1
1 t f
 Sf  f  t
2n 1 2n 1
 5  2 6  5  2 6  ft

 1 = 1, which is true.
131. A n C0 x n n C2 x n2a2 n C4 x n4a 4  .....

B n C1x n1a n C3 xn3 a3 n C5 x n5 a5  ...

n
 A  B   x  a
n
A  B   x  a
n
 
A 2  B2  x 2  a2 
2 2 2n 2n
4AB   A  B    A  B    x  a    x  a 
 ADDITIONAL QUESTION
136. If C0 ,C1,C2 ,...Cn have their usual meaning, then
C0 C1 C2
   ... to (n + 1) terms is equal to
n  n  1  n  1 n  2   n  2  n  3 

1 1 1 1
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
(a)  x 1  x  (b)  x 1  x  (c)  x 1  x   x 1  x 
n 1 n n 1 n 1
dx dx dx (d) dx
0 0 0 0

12
137. If the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of 2  3cx  c 2 x 2   vanishes then c equals

(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) - 1

n n n n
C0 C1 C2 Cn
138. The series    ....  is equal to
n n 1 n 2 2n
1 1 2 2
n n n n
 x 1  x  dx  x 1  x  dx  x 1  x  dx  x 1  x 
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) dx
0 0 0 0

Comprehension
2n
2 n
Suppose n is a natural number and consider the expansion 1  x  x    a x r
r

r 0

139. a0  a3  a6  a9 ...... is

(a) 2n1 (b) 3n1 (c) 3n  3 (d) 23n  1

20
r
140.   1 ar nCr is
r 0

19 20
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  1 220 (d) C1
9
r
141.   1 ar nCr is
r 0

8
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  1 29 (d) 84
10 10
142. Assertion (A) : Number of distinct term in the sum of expansion 1  ax   1  ax  is 22.
n
Reason (R) : Number of term in the expansion of 1  x  is n + 1.

143. The binomial expansion having the term containing x 2

22 23 24 25

(a) x 3 / 5  2x 1/ 5  
(b) x 3 / 5  2x1/ 5  
(c) x 1/ 5  2x 3 / 5  
(d) x1/ 5  2x 3 / 5 
144. The number 5149  5148  5147  ...  51  1 is divisible by
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 50

145. Which of the following is/are correct

(a) 10150  9950  10050 (b) 10150  10050  9950
 1000 999 999 1000
(c) 1000   1001 (d) 1001  1000 
9
146. In the expansion of 1  x  x 2  
(a) No. of distinct terms is 19 (b) Co-efficient of x 5 is 328
(c) No. of distinct terms is 10 (d) Sum of co-efficients is 1
Comprehension
n
1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n

147.  CiC j is
0 i  j  n

2n 1 2n! 2n 1  2n! 2n 1  2n! 2n 1 2n!

(a) 2 
2 n!
2 (b) 2  2 (c) 2  2 (d) 2  2
2  n! n!  n!

148.   CiC j  is
0 i  j n

2n 2n
(a)  n  1 Cn  22n (b)  n  1 Cn  22n1 (c) n.2n Cn  22n (d) n.2n Cn  22n

149.  i  j  CiC j is
0 i jn

(a)  n  1 2  
2n 1 2n 1
Cn1  
2n 2n
(b) n 2  Cn 
(c)  n  1 2  
2n 1 2n 1
Cn1  (d) n 2 
2n 1 2n 1
 Cn1 
n
r 2n  1 3r 7r 
Suppose f  n,r     1 Cr  r  2r  2r  ...up tom terms 
2 2 3
r 0  
150. k th terms of f(n,r) will be
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) k 1n (c)  (d) k 1n
2kn 2 2kn 2
151. f(n,r) will be

2mn  1 2mm  1 2m  1 2mn  1

(a) 2mn 2n1 (b) 2mn 2n1 (c) n (d) 2mn 2n  1
    2 1  
152. lim f  2,r  will be
m 

(a) 1/6 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4

153. Column Matching
Column - I Column - II
63 n
Cr
(i) r 0
n
Cr  n Cr  1
is (a) 32

10
(ii) Ratio of the term independent of n in n  2 / n and coeff. (b) 64
10
n10 is 1  n 
2
is

(iii) 3 2n 2  8n  9,n  N is always divisible by (c) 96

 (iv) If Sn  C0C1  C1C2  ...Cn1Cn and 4Sn 1  15sn then 16 n is (d) 128
Assertion & Reason type Question
n
154. Assertion (A) : In the expansion of 1  x  if coefficient of 31st and 32nd terms are equal
then n = 61.
n
Reason (R) : Middle term in the expansion of 1  x  has greatest coefficient.

25
 2 1  50
155. Assertion (A) : The term independent of x in the expansion of  x  2  2  is C25 .
 x 
Reason (R) : In a binomial expansion middle term is independent of x.
12
156. Coefficient of t 24 in 1  t 2  1  t 1  t  is
12 24
IIT - 2003

12 12 12 12
(a) C6  3 (b) C6  1 (c) C6 (d) C6  2
n
157. If n 1
 
Cr  k 2  3 Cr 1 , then k  : IIT -2004

(a) ( , 2] (b) [2, ) (c) [  3, 3] (d) ( 3,2]

 30   30   30   30   30   30 
158.           ....       IIT - 2005
 0   10   1   11   20   30 
30 60 30 65
(a) C11 (b) C10 (c) C10 (d) C55
 KEY-Additional Question
136. (c,d) 137. (a,d) 138. (b,d) 139. (b) 140 (a)
141. (d) 142. (d) 143. (a) 144. (a,c,d)145. (a,b,c)
146. (b) 147. (b) 148. (a) 149. (d) 150. (a)
151. (d) 152. (b) 153. i-a,ii-a,iii-a,b,iv - a,b 154. (b)
155. (c) 156. (d) 157. (d) 158. (c)
Hints & Solution
n n
136. 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  C3 x 3  ...   1 Cn xn

Multiplying both sides by xn1

n n
 x n1. 1  x   C0 .x n1  C1x n  C2 x n1  .......   1 Cn .x 2n1.... (1)
Now again multiplying both sides of equation (1) with (1-x),
n n
 x n1. 1  x   C0 .x n1  C1x n  ....   1 Cn .x 2n1 ) 1  x 
Integrating both sides w.r.t.x from 0 to 1, we get

n

R.H.S.   C0  x  x   C1  x  x   C 2  x  ... dx
n 1 n n 1 n2

1 1
 x n x n 1  1  x n1 xn  2   xn  2 xn3 
 C0 .    0 C1     C2     .......
 n n  1 n 1 n 20  n  2 n  3 0

1 1
C0 C1 C2 n 1 n 1
   ...   xn1 1  x  dx   1  x  .xn 1dx
n  n  1  n  1 n  2  n  2 n  3  0 0

137. To find sum of the cofficients in the expansion , we put x = 1. So,

2 12
 2  3c  c   0  c 2  3c  2  0  c  2, 1

n n
C0 C1 n Cn
138. We have  
n n  1 2n
1 1 1 1
n C0  x n 1dx  n C1  x ndx  n C 2  xn 1dx  .....  n Cn  x 2n 1dx
0 0 0 0

1 1 n 2 n 1
  x n1
0
C n
0 
 n C1x  n C2 x 2  ....  n Cn x n dx   x n 1 1  x  dx   x n  x  1
0 1
dx

1
144. Required sum 
51  1

50

 51  1  an integer so it is divisible by 50, hence by 10 and 25.
50 50
145. 100  1  100  1
49 47
 2{50 C1 100   50 C3 100  ....
49
 2 50 C1 100   an integer
50
 100  + an integer
50 50 50
 101   99   100 
 99 99 2
 1001   1   1  99
99  1 
Again    1    1  C1    C2  
 1000   1000   1000   1000 
99
 1001 
  1000   1  1  1... up to 1000 time
 

 99 C1 
  1etc 
 1000 
99 1000
 1000   1000 

156. Here, coefficient of t 24 in 1  t  2

12
1  t 1  t 
12 24

 coefficient of t 24 in 1  t  . 1  t  t
2
12
12 24
 t 36 

in 1  t   t 1  t  ;
12 12 12
 coefficient of t 24
2 12 2

 t 24 1  t 2 
12
(neglecting t 36 1  t 2   )

 coefficient of t 24 is  12
C12 12 C6  1   coefficient of t 24 is  2  C6  .
12

n
157. Here, n 1

Cr  k 2  3 Cr 1

n1 Cr  k 2  3 .  r n 1 n 1
Cr  k2  3 
r 1
n
r 1
(since, n  r   1 and n, r > 0)
n
 0  k2  3  1 or 3  k2  4

 k   2,  3 )  ( 3,2
 

 30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30 
158. Let A                 ...     
 0   10   1   11   2   12   20   30 

or A 30 C0 .30 C10 30 C1.30 C11 30 C2 .30 C12 ...  30 C20 .30 C30
30 30
= coefficient of x 20 in 1  x  1  x 
30
= coefficient of x 20 in 1  x 

30 r
r30
= coefficient of x 20 in   1 Cr x 2    1 10 30
C10 {for coefficient of x 20 , let r = 10}
r 0

 30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30 
               ...      = 30
C10
 0   10   1   11   2   12   20   30 
 SUBJECTIVE
n
1. If 1  x   C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...Cn xn , then show that the sum of the products of the Ci ’s

CiC j 2n 1  2n!
taken two at a time represented by is equal to 2  2 .
0 i  j n 2  n!
n
q  1  q  1  q  1
2. Given sn  1  q  q  ...  q Sn  1  2
  ....  
n
 ,q  1 prove that
2  2   2 
n 1
C1 n 1 C 2s1  n 1 C3s2  ...  . n 1Cn sn  2n Sn
n
r n  1 3r 7r 15r 
3. Find the sum of the series :   1 Cr  r  2r  3r  4r ...up tom terms .
2 2 2 2
r 0  

2mn  1
Ans. 2mn 2n  1
 
n
4. Prove that C0  2 2C1  32 C2  ...   1 n  1 2Cn  0,n  2 where Cr n Cr .
2n 2n
r r
5. If  a  x  2   b  x  3 
r 0
r
r 0
r and ak  1 for all k  n , then show that bn 2n 1 Cn1 .

k
r 1 3n
6. Prove that   3 
r 1
C2r 1  0, where k = (3n)/2 and n is an even positive integer..

2 n
7. Let n be a positiv e integer and 1  x  x   a0  a1x  ....  a2n x 2n . Show that

a02  a12  ....  aa2n  an .

n n
3! r  Cr 
8. Prove that 2 n  3    1  r3  . [IIT - 97]
  r 0  Cr 

 2n  k  n
  2n  4k  1
 k .  2n2k   m  2n2m
m

9.

Let n be any positive integer. Prove that k 0  2n  k   2n  2k  1  2n  2m  for
   
 n   n  m 

 p p 
each non-negative integer m  n  Here    Cq  . [IIT - 1999]
  q 

10. For any positive integers m, n (with n  m ),

n n  n   n  1  n  2  m  n  1
Let    Cm . Prove that        ...      
m m  m   m   m   m  1
Hence, or otherwise, prove that
n  n  1 n  2 m  n  2 
   2   3   ....  n  m  1     . [IIT - 2000]
m  m   m  m  m  2

k nn k 1  n   n  1 k2  n   n  2  k nn  k  n

11. Prove that 2      2      2     .....  1     .
0 k
   1
  k  1 2
  k  2  k
  0  k 
[IIT - 2003]
 Solution -Subjective
n n n n

1. We know 02i CiC j   CiC j   CiC j

 j n
i 0 j 0 i  0 j 0

n n n
  Ci  C j   Ci2  2n2n   2n

Cn  22n  2n Cn
i 0 j 0 i 0

22n  2n Cn  2n  !
Thus  C C i j   22n1  2
2 2  n!
n 1
2. C1 n12 s1 n1 C2 s2  .... n1 Cn1sn
n 1
1  qn1
  n1Cr sr 1, where sn  1  q  q2  ....  qn 
r 1 1 q

n 1
n 1  1  qr  1  n1 n1 n 1
n 1 
  Cr .     Cr   Cr.qr 
r 1  1 q  1  q  r 1 r 1 

1 1

1 q

n 1 n 1
1  1  1  q 
1 q
2n 1  1  q 
n 1
   ...(i)

2 n
 q  1  q  1  q  1
Also, Sn  1      2   ....   2 
 2     

n 1
 q  1
1  n 1
 2  2n 1   q  1
 
 q  1 2n 1  q ...(ii)
1  
 2 
From (i) and (ii)
n 1
C1  n1 C2 s1  n1 C3s 2  ...  n 1 Cn 1sn  2n sn

n
r n  1 3r 7r 15r 
3.   1 Cr  r  2r  3r  4r  ........up to m terms
r 0 2 2 2 2 

n n r n r r
n n  1 r 3 r 7
   1 Cr      1 nCr      1 nCr    ... up to m terms
r 0  2  r 0  4  r 0 8
n
 r n r n
u sin g,   1 Cr x  1  x  
 r 0 
n n n
 1  1  1
          .... up to m term
2  4 8

  1 m 
1    
n
 1    2n   2mn  1
     mn n
 2   1 1  2 2  1  
 2n 
 n
n 2 2 n
4. C02  22 C1  32 C2 ....   1  n  1 Cn    1 r  1 Cr
r 0

n n n n n
r r r r
 
   1 r 2  2r  1 Cr    1 r 2 nCr  2  1 r nCr    1 .n Cr
r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0

n n n
r n r r
   1 .r  r  1 Cr  3.  1 .r nCr    1 nCr
r 0 r 0 r 0

n n n
r n2 r r
   1 n n  1 Cr 2  3  1 n.n1Cr 1    1 nCr
r 0 r 1 r 0

 n n  1 {n2 C0 n2 C1 n2 C2 .....   1

n n 2 n 1

n 1 n 1
Cn 2 } 3n  C0  C1  C2 ...   1
n n 1

Cn 1

 C n
0 n C1  n C2 ...   1
n n
Cn 
 n  n  1 .0  3n0  0  0

dy m 1
5.
m
Let y   x  a  , where m is a positive integer , r  m now  m x  a
dx

d2 y m2
  m  m  1 x  a 
dx 2

d3 y m4
 2
 m  m  1 m  2  m  3  x  a 
dx
Differentiating rtimes, we get

dr y mr m r dr y
dx
 m m  1 ....  m  r  1 x  a   r !  m
Cr  x  a and for r  m,
dx r
0

2n 2n
r r
Now,  a  x  2   b  x  3
r 0
r
r 0
r (given)

Differetiating both sides n times w.r.t. x, we get

2n 2n
r r n r r n
 a n!
r 1
r Cn  x  2    br  n! Cn  x  3 
r 1

Putting x = 3
2n
r
 a n!
r n
r Cn   bn  n!

[ all the terms except first on R.H.S. become zero]

 bn n Cn n1 Cn n 2 Cn  ...  2n Cn (  ar  1r  n 

  n 1

Cn1  n 2 Cn  ....  2n Cn n3 Cn1  ...  2n Cn  ...

2n Cn1  2n Cn 2n1 Cn1

6. Since n is an even positive integer, we can write n = 2m; m =1, 2, 3, ....

3n 3  2m 
with k    3m
2 2
3m
r 1 6m
Therefore, S    3  C2r 1
r 1

0 6m 3m 1 6m
i.e., S   3  C1   3  6mC3  ...   3  C3m1 ...(i)
From the binomial expansion, we write
6m
1  x  6m C0 6m C1  6m C2 x 2  ... 6m C6m1x 6m1 6m C6m x 6m ...(ii)
6m 2 6m 1 6m
1  x  6m C0  6m C1  x   6m C2  x   ..  6m C6m1   x   6m C6m   x  ....(iii)
Subtracting equation (iii) from equation (ii) , we get
6m 6m
1  x   1  x   2  6m C1x  6m C 3 x 3  6m C5 x 5  ..  6m C 6m 1x 6m 1 

6m 6m
1  x   1  x 
 6m C1  6m C3 x 2  6m C5 x 4  ...  6m C6m 1x 6m 2
2x
Again let x 2  y
6m 6m
1  y   1 y    6m C1  6m C3 y  6m C5 y 2  ...  6m C6m1y 3m1

2 y
For the required sum we have to put y = -3 in R.H.S.
6m 6m 6m 6m

Hence,
1  3 
S    1  3 

1  i 3  
 1  3  ...(iv)
2 3 2i 3

Let z  1  i 3  r  cos   i sin  

 r z  1  3  2 and    / 3
6m 6m
Now, z 6m  r cos   i sin   r 6m  cos   i sin    r 6m cos 6m   i sin 6m 
6m
Again z  r  cos   sin   and  z  r 6m  cos 6m  i sin 6m 

 z 6m  z 6m  r 6m  2i sin 6m   ...(v)
Now, equation (iv) becomes

z 6m  z 6m r
6m
 2i sin 6m  26m sin 6m 
S    0 as m  z,and    / 3 .
2i 3 2i 3 3

2 n
7. 1  x  x   a0  a1x  ...  a2n x 2n ...(i)

Replacing x by - 1/x, we obtain

n
 1 1 a1 a 2 a 3 a 2n
 1  x  x 2   a0  x  x 2  x 3  .....  x 2n ...(ii)
 
 Now, a02  a12  a22  a23  ...  a22n = coefficient of the term independent of x in

a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ....  a 2n x 2n 

 a1 a2 a2n 
a0  x  x 2  ....  x 2n  = coefficient of the term independent of x in
 
n
2 n  1 1
1  x  x  1  x  x2 
 
n n
2 n  1 1
n
1 x  x2 x2  x  1  
But R.H.S.  1  x  x   

1   
x x2 

x 2n

n
 x2  1 2  x2 
  n n


2
4
  1  2x  x  x
2
 
1  x 2
 x4 
x 2n x 2n x 2n

Thus, a02  a12  a 22  a23  ..a 22n

1 n
= coefficient of the term independent of x in
x 2n

1  x2  x 4 
n
= coefficient of x 2n in 1  x 2
 x4 
n
=coefficient of t n in 1  t  t 2    an .

n n n n
r Cr n!.3! r n!
8. We have   1 .
r 0
r3
 
Cr r 0 n  r  !  r  3  !
 3! 
r 0
 1
n  r ! r  3 !
r
3! n
 1 . n  3  !
 
 n  1n  2  n  3  r 0 n  r  ! r  3 !
n
3! r
 .  1 .n 3 Cr  3
 
n  1 n  2  n  3  r 0
3
3!  1 n3
s n3 3i
 1
 n  1 n  2  n  3  
 . C3 
s 3    2n  3 
n  1 n

 n3 s n 3  n3 n3 n 3

   1 . Cs   C0  C1  C2
 s 0 

3!   n  3  n  2  
 0  1   n  3   
 n  1 n  2 n  3   2! 


3!
.
n  2  2  n  3   3!
 n  1 n  2  n  3  2 2 n  3 
9. This result can be proved by induction
For m = 0

 2n  k  n
0    
 k  .  2n  4k  1  .2n  2k   0  .2n
  
k 0  2n  k   2n  2k  1   2n 
   
 n  n

 2n 
 
0 2n  1 n 0
  . .2
L.H.S.  2n  2n  1 [ k  0 ]
 
n

n
 
0
   .2n  R.H.S.
=  2n  ...(i)
 
n
Assuming that the result holds for all non-negative integers m < n. That is , assume that

 2n  k  n
m    
 k   2n  4k  1 2n 2k   m  .2n2m
  
k 0  2n  k   2n  2k  1   2n  2m  ...(ii)
   
 n   nm 
For m  1  n , we have to show that

 2n  k   n 
m 1    
 k   2n  4k  1  .2n 2k   m  1 2n  2m 2

k 0  2n  k 
 2n  2k  1 
  2n  2m  2  ...(iii)
   
 n   n  m  1 
Now, L.H.S. of (iii) can be written as

 2n  k   2n  m  1 
   
 k   2n  4k  1  .2n 2k    m  1  2n  4 m  1  2n 2m 1
m

  
k 0  2n  k   2n  2k  1   2n  m  1  2n  2  m  1  1
   
 n   n 

n  2n  m  1
   
m m  1   2n  4m  3  n 2m  2
 2n 2n   . .2
 2n  2m   2n  m  1  2n  2m  1
   
 nm   n 
By equation (ii)


n!

 n  m  !  n  m  ! .2n2m   2n  m  1 ! .
n!  n  m  1 !
m!  n  m  !  2n  2m!  m  1 !  2n  2m  2  !  2n  m  1!
 .
 2n  4m  3  .2n2m2
 2n  2m  1
n!  n  m  ! n!  n  m  1 !  2n  4m  3 
 2n2m  .2n2m2
m!  n  m  ! m  1 !2 n  m  1!  2n  2m  1
n! n  m  ! 2n 2m n!  n  m  1 !  2n  4m  3  .2n2m 2
 
m!2n m  n  m  !  m  1 ! 2nm1. n  m  1!  2n  2m  1
n  2m  2


n!
.
 n  m  1 !  n  m  1 !2
 m  1 !  n  m  1!  2n  2m  2 !

 n 
 
  m  1 .2n 2m  2
Again L.H.S. of (iii)  2n  2m  2  = R.H.S. of (iii)
 
 n  m 1 
Hence, the result hold for m + 1.
By the principle of mathematical induction it holds for all non-negative integers m < n.

 n   n  1  n  2  m  n  1 
10. Let S         ....      
m  m   m   m   m  1
It is obvious that n  m (given)

 m   m  1  m  2  n
Now, S         ...  
m  m   m  m

 m  1  m  1   m  2  n
        ...  
 m  1  m    m   m

 m  m  1   m  2   m  2  n
    1         ....   
m
    m  1  m  1  m   m

n Cr  n Cr 1 n 1 Cr 1 

m  3  n
   ....   
 m  1 m
= ..........................................

 n   n   n 1
    which is true. ..(i)
 m  1  m   m  1
Again we have to prove that

n  n  1 n  2 m  n  2 
    2   3   ...   n  m  1     
m  m   m  m m  2

n  n  1 n  2 m
S     2   3   ...   n  m  1  
m  m   m  m
  n   n  1  n  2   m
     ...    
m  m   m   m
 n  1  n  2  m 
    ...    
 m   m  m 

n  2  m  n  m  1rows
   ...    
 m   m 
........ 

m 
  
m 

 n 1
Now, sum of the first row is  ,
 m  1

 n 
Sum of the second row is  
 m  1

 n 1
Sum of the third row is  
 m  1
...............................................

 m   m  1
Sum of the last row is     
 m   m  1

 n  1  n   n  1  m  1  n  1  1  n  2 
Thus, E       ....     
 m  1  m  1  m  1  m  1  m  2   m  2 
From (1) replacing n by n + 1 and m by m + 1.
11. To show :
k
2k.n C0 .n Ck  2k 1.n C1.n1Ck 1  2k 2.n C2 .n2 Ck 2  ..  1 nCknkC0 n Ck
Taking L.H.S.
k
2k.n C0 .n Ck  2k 1.n C1n1Ck 1  ....   1 .n Ck .nk C0

k
r
k
   1 .2k r.n Cr .nr Ck r    1 2k r
r n!
.
n  r !
r 0 r 0 r !  n  r  ! k  r  !  n  k  !

k k
r n! k! r
   1 .2k r. .    1 .2k  r nCk .k Cr
r 0  n  k  !.k ! r ! k  r ! r 0
k
k r 1   1
 2 . Ck   1 . r .k Cr   2k.n Ck  1   n Ck = R.H.S.
k n

 r 0 2   2