V.M.K.

V ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM & AARUPADAIVEEDU

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PAIYANOOR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
B.E – PT – CBCS – 2017 REGULATION - QUESTION BANK

NAME OF THE COURSE: ELECTRICAL MACHINES – II

SEMESTER : III
COURSE CODE : 334617301
UNIT – I
PART – A (2 Marks)

1. State the Faradays law of electromagnetic induction principle.

First Law of Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction state that whenever a conductor are placed in a
varying magnetic field emf are induced which is called induced emf, if the conductor circuit are
closed current are also induced which is called induced current
2. How to convert the DC generator into an alternator?
By providing two collector rings one end of the armature and connecting these two rings to two
points in the armature winding 180 apart
3. Why the alternators rated in kVA and not in kW?
As seen, cupper loss of an alternator depend on current and iron loss on voltage. That is why rating of
alternator is in KVA and not KW
4. List out the different types of Alternators.

1
5. Write the advantage of rotating field and stationary armature type alternator.
Stationary Armature
It is easier to insulate stationary winding for high voltages for which the alternators are usually
designed. Ii is because they are not subjected to centrifugal forces and also extra space is available
due to the stationary arrangement of the armature
Due to simple and robust construction of the rotor, higher speed of rotating d.c. field is possible. This
increases the output obtainable from a machine of given dimensions.
Rotating field
Rotating field type alternator is used in big power plants because of its high power rating.
As the armature is stationary power can be get without using brush or slip rings.
6. Distinguish the vertical and horizontal alternators.
Horizontally mounted alternator is Non Salient Type used in Steam Power plant
Whereas vertically mounted alternator is Salient Type used in Hydro Power plant
7. How the direct connected exciter arranged in an alternator?
The armature of the exciter is mounted on the shaft of the alternator close to the spider hub. In some
cases, it is mounded at a distance sufficient to permit a pedestal and bearing to be placed between the
exciter and the hub
8. What is the difference between direct connected and direct coupled units?
In the former alternator and driving engine are directly and permanently connected. In the later case
,engine and alternator are each complete in itself and are connected by some as friction clutch, jaw
cultch or shaft coupling.
9. List out the advantages and disadvantages of Direct connected exciter.

10. Mention the various functions of damper winding in an alternator.

These dampers are useful in preventing the hunting (momentary speed fluctuations) in generators and
are needed in synchronous motors to provide the starting torque. ... It should be clearly understood
that under normal running conditions, damper winding does not carry any current because rotor runs
at synchronous speed.
11. Define voltage regulation of an alternator.
The voltage regulation of an alternator is the change of voltage from full load to no load, expressed as
a percentage of full-load volts, when the speed and dc field current are held constant. Assume the no-
load voltage of an alternator is 250 volts and the full-load voltage is 220 volts

2
12. Express the E.M.F Equation of an alternator.

13. State the condition required for paralleling two synchronous generators.
There are five conditions that must be met before the synchronization process takes place. The source
(generator or sub-network) must have equal line voltage, frequency, phase sequence, phase angle, and
waveform to that of the system to which it is being synchronized.
14. Write the expression for power developed by a synchronous generator.

Xs – Synchronous reactance ohm/phase

VT – Applied voltage/phanse V

Ef – Counter EMF
15. List out the application of salient and non salient pole synchronous generator.
Horizontally mounted alternator is Non Salient Type used in Steam Power plant
Whereas vertically mounted alternator is Salient Type used in Hydro Power plant
16. Why the stator core is laminated in the alternator?
As the energized rotor rotates within the stator core, these lines of force travel through
layers of laminations in a tangential direction. According to the laws of electromagnetism, a
perpendicular magnetic field is created as a current flows through a conductor
17. What is meant by synchronizing?
synchronization is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator or other source to a
running network
18. Define synchronous impedance of an Alternator.
Synchronous Impedance ZS is a fictitious impedance employed to account for the voltage effects in the
armature circuit produced by the actual armature resistance, the actual armature leakage reactance and the
change in the air gap flux produced by the armature reaction

3
19. How the cylindrical Alternators operate with steam turbines?

Cylindrical pole high speed rotors are used in high speed gas and steam turbine generators which operate at
1,000rpm and above. This rotor is used in applications where a distributed winding is required. The rotor
body is made from laminations with slots to take the windings
20. Which type of Synchronous generators are used in Hydro-electric plants and why?
21. As the speed of operation is low for hydro turbines use din Hydro-electric plants, salient pole type
Synchronous generators are used. ... Round rotor or non-salient pole synchronous generators are used in
Thermal power plant because of high speed turbine

4
 PART – B (16 Marks)
4. How to determine the regulation of synchronous generator in ZPF and ASA Methods?

5
6
7
8
 UNIT-II
PART – A (2 Marks)

1. What is synchronous motor?

An electric motor having a speed exactly proportional to the current frequency
2. How a synchronous machine is different from an induction machine?
An induction motor runs a little slower than the applied frequency. The speed of a synchronous
motor is fixed by the frequency of the AC system. In induction motor magnetic fields of rotor and
stator are rotating in different frequencies. In a synchronous motor, stator field and rotor field are
synchronous.
3. What are the main parts of a synchronous motor?
The stator and rotor are the two main parts of the synchronous motor. The stator is the stationary
part, and the rotor is the rotating part of the machine. The three-phase AC supply is given to the
stator of the motor
4. List out the starting methods of a synchronous motor.
Using pony motors. In this method, the rotor is brought to the synchronous speed with the help of
some external device like small induction motor. ...
Using Damper Winding. ...
As a Slip Ring Induction Motor. ...
Using Small D.C. Machine
5. Mention the reasons if a synchronous motor fails to start.
Voltage may be too low
Some faulty connection in auxiliary apparatus
Too much starting load
Open-circuit in one phase or short-circuit
Field excitation may be excessive
6. The synchronous motor is not a self starting motor why?
This is because the speed with which rotating magnetic field is rotating is so high that it is unable to
rotate the rotor from its initial position, due to the inertia of the rotor. So under any case, whatever
may be the starting position of the rotor, synchronous motor is not self starting.
7. When the stator gets the supply before the rotor then what happen?
The frequency of the rotor is not same as the frequency of the stator. Rotor frequency is linked with
stator frequency by the slip of the machine. When we provide a separate supply for rotor, then it will
behave more likely a synchronous motor depending upon the frequencies.

9
8. A synchronous motor always runs at synchronous speed, why?
A synchronous motor runs at synchronous speed only because it is meant to run like that . It cannot
run on a speed other than synchronous speed. The rotor poles maybe made of permanent magnets or
the rotor winding is supplied with DC power which creates electromagnets on the rotor winding
9. State the formula to find synchronous speed (Ns).
f = PN/120 where f is frequency of power supply, P is number of poles in the machine and N = speed
in rpm. Thus for 50 Hz supply, 2 pole machine; synchronous speed = 3000rpm
10. Does the change in excitation affect the power factor of the synchronous motor? How?
Why with the change of excitation of a synchronous motor the magnitude of armature current
decreases then increased. With the given excitation a synchronous draws a unity PF current if the
mechanical load is increased what will be the power factor and current for the same excitation.
11. Why the speed control is not possible in the Synchronous motor?
The stator carries windings connected to an AC supply to produce a rotating magnetic field. At
synchronous speed the rotor poles lock to the rotating magnetic field. ... Because of the constant
magnetic field in the rotor these cannot use induction windings for starting.
12. Draw the equivalent circuit of a synchronous motor.

13. What are the causes of faulty starting of a synchronous motor?

Voltage may be too low
Some faulty connection in auxiliary apparatus
Too much starting load
Open-circuit in one phase or short-circuit
Field excitation may be excessive
14. List out the Different torques of a synchronous motor.
Pull-in-Torque, Pull-out-Torque
15. Write the torque equation of synchronous motor.

P = Number of poles , Ø = Resultant air gap flux per pole , Fr = Rotor mmf
Fs = Stator mmf

10
16. Draw the V and Inverted V Curve of a synchronous motor.

17. Define starting torque.

Starting torque is an important operational parameter of a motor, and its value is established during
the motor's design stage, based on the conditions under which the motor will be started
18. Define Pull-in and Pull–out torque.
In synchronous motors the value of pull-out torque is a maximum value of torque which allows a
synchronous motor to remain in synchronism without “pulling out” of step or synchronism
Pull-in torque (or pull in torque) - such a value of torque which allows a synchronous motor to
transit or “pull into” from induction (asynchronous) to synchronous operation.
19. Elucidate hunting.
Hunting in Synchronous Motor. We come across the term HUNTING when we study about three
phase synchronous motor operations. The word hunting is used because after sudden application of
load the rotor has to search or hunt for its new equilibrium position. That phenomena is referred as
hunting in synchronous motor.
20. Mention some specific application of synchronous motor
Some of the typical applications of high speed synchronous motors are such drives as fans,
blowers, dc generators, line shafts, centrifugal pumps, compressors, reciprocating pumps, rubber
and paper mills
Synchronous motors are used in generating stations and in substations connected to the busbars
to improve the power factor.
Synchronous motors are used to regulate the voltage at the end of transmission lines

11
 PART - B (16 Marks)
4. Does the change in excitation affect the p.f of the synchronous motor?

12
 UNIT - III
PART – A (2 Marks)
1. Mention the types of 3 phase -induction motor.
There are mainly two types of Induction Motor: Squirrel Cage Induction Motor and Slip Ring or
Wound Rotor Induction Motor
2. List out the advantages and disadvantages of induction motor.

Adv: Induction motors are simple and rugged in construction. Advantage of induction motors are that
they are robust and can operate in any environmental condition
Induction motors are cheaper in cost due to the absence of brushes, commutators, and slip rings
They are maintenance free motors unlike dc motors and synchronous motors due to the absence of
brushes, commutators and slip rings.
Disadv: 3 phase induction motors have poor starting torque and high have in rush currents.
Induction motors always operate under lagging power factor and during light load conditions they
operate at very worst power factor (0.2 to 0.4 lagging).
3. What is slip ring?
Electrical Slip Rings connection designed to pass the flow of current from a stationary device to a
rotating component.
4. Define conduction and induction.
The terms conduction and induction both refer to methods that can cause a current to start flowing in
a conductor. The main difference between conduction and induction is that conduction relies only on
an electric field, whereas induction relies on a changing magnetic field.
5. List out the parts of an induction motor.
A.C. MOTOR CONSTRUCTION: The A.C. Induction Motor has three main parts, rotor, stator and
enclosure. ...
STATOR CORE: The stator is the stationary part of the motor's electromagnetic circuit and is made
up of thin metal sheets, called laminations. ...
STATOR WINDINGS: ...
ROTOR CONSTRUCTION: ...
ENCLOSURE: ...
BEARINGS AND FAN:
6. Write the importance of air gap.
The main source of low power factor at which induction motor operates is the air gap between the
stator and the rotor. Air gap is a non-magnetic part of a magnetic circuit. It is usually connected
magnetically in series with the rest of the circuit, so that a substantial part of the magnetic flux flows
through the gap

13
7. How the squirrel cage induction motor differ from the slip ring induction motor?
Difference is that in Slip ring we can change the starting torque by simply varying the External
resistance connected to rotor, this is not possible in case of squirrel cage induction motor,
8. What is cogging?
The phenomenon of Magnetic Locking between the stator and the rotor teeth is called Cogging
9. How to reduce the humming sound in the squirrel cage induction motor?
By correcting the electric imbalance or a mechanical imbalance in the motor.
10. What is crawling of an induction motor?
Squirrel cage induction motors exhibits a tendency to run at very slow speeds (as low as one-seventh
of their synchronous speed). This phenomenon is called as crawling of an induction motor. This
action is due to the fact that, flux wave produced by a stator winding is not purely sine wave.
11. Define synchronous speed and relative speed.
In a motor, synchronous speed is the speed at which the magnetic field rotates. Depending on motor
design, the actual mechanical speed may be equivalent (synchronous motor) or slightly smaller
(asynchronous motor). The synchronous speed is a function of: The electrical frequency used,
typically 60 Hz or 50 Hz
Whereas a synchronous motor's rotor turns at the same rate as the stator field, an induction motor's
rotor rotates at a somewhat slower speed than the stator field. The induction motor stator's magnetic
field is therefore changing or rotating relative to the rotor.
12. Write the equation of slip and slip frequency.

f= (Ns-N)*P/120, where Ns is synchronous speed and N is the rotor speed in rpm and P is the no. of
poles in machine
13. Define torque of a three phase induction motor.
Torque in a 3-phase induction motor is created by the interaction between the rotating magnetic field
produced by the alternating current in the stator windings and the magnetic field produced by the
induced current in the rotor assembly

14
14. Write down the equation of starting and running torque of an induction motor.

T is the torque produced by induction motor, φ is flux responsible of producing induced emf, I2 is
rotor current, cosθ2 is the power factor of rotor circuit.

15. The squirrel cage induction start with low starting torque why?
Squirrel cage motors are the most commonly used induction motors, but the main drawback in them
is their poor starting torque due to low rotor resistance. ... But increasing the rotor resistance for
improving starting torque is not advisory as it will reduce the efficiency of the motor (due to more
copper loss).
16. What is the Condition for maximum starting and running torque of an induction motor?
The torque developed at the instant of starting of an Induction motor is called as starting torque. For
maximum starting torque rotor resistance is exactly made equal to standstill rotor reactance
17. List out the factors affects the motor performance?
Factors Affecting Motor Performance. Motor performance depends on three elements such as
voltage across terminals, resistance across terminals, and magnetic force
18. What are the losses take place in induction motor?

19. Draw the torque and slip characteristics of three phase induction motor.

15
20. How the synchronous motor differ from the induction motor?

16
 PART -B (16 Marks)
4. A 440 V, 3f, 50 Hz, 4 poles. Y connected induction motor has a full load speed of 1425 rpm.
The rotor has an impedance (0.4 + J4) ohm and rotor /stator turn ratio of 0.8. Calculate (i) Full
load torque (ii) rotor current and full load rotor cu loss (iii) power output if windage and
friction loss amount to 500 W (iv) maximum torque and speed at which it occurs (v) starting
current and (vi) starting torque.

17
 UNIT IV
PART – A (2 Marks)
1. Define starting current.
Motor Starting Currents. When an AC motor is energized, a high inrush current occurs. Typically,
during the initial half cycle, the inrush current is often higher than 20 times the normal full load
current
2. If a 3 phase induction motor is switched on with two phase supply then what happen?
Single phasing causes negative phase sequence components in the voltage. ... Negative
phase sequence currents cause heating of the motor and consequently motor failure
3. What is stator and rotor resistance?
4. State the effect of rotor resistance on starting torque.
5. Write the necessity of starter.
6. How the No volt problem and Over voltage problem is protected in the electrical machines?
7. Mention the types of starters used in three phase induction motor.
8. The DOL starter is useful for the smooth starting of small machines only Why?
9. What is the role of primary resistors in the squirrel cage motor starters?
10. List out the advantages of star-delta starter.
11. Write down the application of DOL starter.
12. Mention the types of speed control of an induction motor.
13. Describe the Purpose of different taps in the auto starters.
14. State the relation between Starting and Full load torque of a star- delta starter.
15. Which motor have the Oil immersed rotor resistance? Why?
16. How the pole changing method provide the speed control?
17. Write down the synchronous speed equation of an induction motor.
18. Describe the importance of slip power recovery scheme.
19. Write the importance of speed control.
20. List out the types of Slip power recovery scheme.

18
 PART –B (16 Marks)
4. Elucidate the working principle of a rotor resistance starter with neat diagram.

19
20
21
 UNIT - V
PART – A (2 Marks)

1. How the single phase induction motor differ from the three phase induction motor?
2. What type of motor is used for ceiling fan?
3. Single phase induction motor is not a self starting motor why?
4. Why the single phase induction motor had low power factor?
5. List out the types of single phase induction motor.
6. What do you meant by Pulsating magnetic field?
7. How to reverse the rotation of a 1-phase, split phase motor?
8. What could be the reason if a split phase motor runs too slow?
9. List out the application of split phase induction motor.
10. Draw the slip-torque characteristics of capacitor start induction motor.
11. List out the application of capacitor start induction motor.
12. Enumerate the importance of shading band.
13. Mention the application of Shaded pole induction motor.
14. How to reverse the rotation of a universal motor?
15. State the application of universal motor.
16. What is step angle?
17. List out the types of stepper motor?
18. Write the advantages and disadvantages of PMDC.
19. List out the applications of PMDC.
20. What could be the reasons if a repulsion –induction motor fails to start?

22
 PART- B (16 Marks)
4. Discuss the principle operation of stepper motor with neat sketches and merits and demerits

23
Advantages:

1. The rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse.

2. The motor has full torque at standstill (if the windings are energized)
3. Precise positioning and repeatability of movement since good stepper motors have an
accuracy of 3 – 5% of a step and this error is non-cumulative from one step to the next.
4. Excellent response to starting/stopping/reversing.
5. Very reliable since there are no contact brushes in the motor. Therefore the life of the motor
is simply dependant on the life of the bearing.
6. The motors response to digital input pulses provides open-loop control, making the motor
simpler and less costly to control.
7. It is possible to achieve very low speed synchronous rotation with a load that is directly
coupled to the shaft.
8. A wide range of rotational speeds can be realized as the speed is proportional to the
frequency of the input pulses.

Disadvantages

1. Resonances can occur if not properly controlled.

2. Not easy to operate at extremely high speeds.

24