Piano Marvel 6 PDF

PIANO MARVEL
© 2011 All Rights Reserved

P AGE M ETHOD 6 S CORE D ATE
4 Baroque Era
6 Minuet in G Minor
8 Sonta in C Major
10 Joy to the World
11 Fugue
12 C Minor
13 F Minor
14 Fuguetina
16 6A Review
18 Classical Era
20 Sonata in E Major
22 Rondo Alla Turca
23 Fur Elise
24 God Save the King
25 6 B Review
26 Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy
30 Habanera
32 Stomp
34 Voice in the Wind
38 Winter Leaves
PIANO MARVEL
P AGE M ETHOD 6 S CORE D ATE
42 Romantic Era
44 The Wild Horseman
46 Arabesque
48 Anitra’s Dance
50 Minuet Waltz
52 Good Morning to You
53 Nearer, My God, to Thee
54 6D Review
56 Rein of Minimalism
58 A Penny A Day
60 A Lonely Walk
62 Arabian Sun
63 Prince Caleb
66 F# Major & Minor
67 Spider Dance
70 Memories
72 By George!
74 Flight of the Bumblebee Rock
PIANO MARVEL
6A Baroque Era
1600-1750 ca.
The Baroque era began in the early 1600’s and ended

around 1750. Baroque architecture, furnishings, clothing,
art and music were elaborate and lavish. In Baroque music
one often finds exquisite ornamentation. The trill, mordent,
turn, schleifer and appoggiatura were the most common
ornaments used in the Baroque era.
Harmonic Structure
Music previous to the Baroque period was dictated
by modes. In the Baroque era, composers became more
interested in the development of harmonic progression,
leading from one chord to the next.
Performance Practice
While good taste and general rules always applied, the performer was expected to interpret ornaments,
embellishments, phrasings, dynamics, articulations and tempo when performing.
Baroque Keyboards
Organ Harpsichord Clavichord
The keyboard instruments used in the Baroque era were the the pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, pianoforte and
spinet or virginal. The sound from the pipe organ was produced with pressurized air blown through a series of pitched
pipes activated by depressing a key on the keyboard and deactivated by releasing the key. The organ was ideal for church
and choir settings. The clavichord’s sound is produced from strings being struck by hammers. The clavichord was the
most expressive Baroque keyboard instrument, but it was too quiet for large room performances. As opposed to the
clavichord’s strings being struck by hammers, the harpsichord’s strings were plucked. This allowed for the strings of a
harpsichord to resonate longer and louder, however, it was not as expressive as the clavichord.
4 PIANO MARVEL
The direct ancestor of today’s piano is known as the “pianoforte”, and although it was invented around 1700 by the
Italian instrument maker Bartolomeo Cristofori, it was not commonly used until the end of the Baroque period. The
pianoforte offered both a louder sound and an expressive ability all in one instrument.
Tuning
Previous to the Baroque era mean tuning was used, which had a pure sound but only sounded good in several keys.
Beginning in the Baroque period, the strings of the keyboard were tuned to what is called the well tempered tuning. This
allowed all the keys in the major and minor modes to be used without additional tuning. Each scale had a distinct
flavor and some scales were not used because they were less pleasant. Today we use equal temperament tuning which
makes all scales virtually identical in sound.
Baroque Composers
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Pachelbel George Friderick Handel Domenico Scarlatti
1685-1750 1653-1706 1685-1759 1685-1757
Arguably, the most influential composer of the Baroque era is Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) who wrote nearly
50 volumes of music including keyboard works, chorales, masses and cantatas. He married twice and fathered 20
children. Bach’s death marks the end of the Baroque Era. Johannes Pachelbel (1653-1706) was a German composer
most famous for his Canon in D. He was a very popular and influential composer and teacher of the Baroque period.
George Frederich Handel (1685-1759), born in Germany, worked most of his professional life in England where his
works included operas, oratorios and orchestral suites. Handel’s most famous work today is a choral piece called Messiah.
Domenico Scarlatti (1686-1759) was born in Italy but spent most of his professional life working for royalty in Spain
where he wrote 555 keyboard sonatas. Other notable keyboard composers or the Baroque period were George Phillip
Telemann (1681-1767) and Dieterich Buxtehude (1637-1707) of Germany, Francois Couperin (1668-1733) and Jean-
Philippe Rameau (1683-1764) of France, and Giovanni Battista Sammartini (1700-1775) of Italy.
Baroque Forms
The sonata, suite, concerto, toccata, choral, and the prelude and fugue emerged at the beginning of the baroque era.
These styles were generally divided into the three categories: church, chamber and theatre. The suite was generally a
collection of dances: prelude, allemande, courante, sarabande, gigue and minuet to name a few. The fugue was the
most developed form of counterpoint, two or more melodic lines sounding together. The Baroque choral four part
harmony is still used in many churches today.

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Minuet in G Minor
The ornaments are to be
performed only on the repeat
q=76 Johann Sebastian Bach
(1685-1750)
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Sonata in C Major
Domenico Scarlatti
q=136 Begin the trill on the upper note
(1685-1757)
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Joy to the World
q=76-96 George Frideric Handel
(1685-1759)
10 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

Fugue
Johann Pachelbel
(1653-1706)
h=60-69

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C Minor
Introduction to the Key of C Minor
The key of C minor has three flats. Flat all B’s, E’s, and A’s!
¨¨¨
E¨ A¨ B¨
¨¨¨
q=60

F Minor
Introduction to the Key of F Minor
The key of F minor has three flats. Flat all B’s, E’s, A’s, and D’s!
¨¨¨¨
A¨ B¨ D¨ E¨
¨¨¨¨
q=60

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Fuguetina
q=80 21st Century Composition on a Fugue Theme of J.S. Bach Aaron Garner

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6A Review
1. What are the approximate dates of the Baroque period?
Begins: Ends:
2. Name 9 composers from the Baroque period.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5.
3. Name 6 popular forms of the Baroque period.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
4. Name 5 Baroque keyboard instruments.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

5. Name 5 of the most common ornaments used in the Baroque period?
6. Which instrument’s sound comes from pressurized air blowing through a series of pipes?
7. Which instrument is known as the most expressive keyboard?
8. Which keyboard instrument strings’ are plucked?
9. Which keyboard offered both a louder sound and an expressive ability?
10. Which composer is known as the most influential composer of the Baroque period?
11. What is George Frederich Handel’s most famous choral piece?
12. Who composed the famous Canon in D?
13. Which composer was the father of 20 children?
14. Who’s death marked the end of the Baroque period?
15. What are the three categories that the Baroque styles were divided into?

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6B Classical Era
1750-1820 ca.
The Classical Era began around 1750 as we see the

influence of Greek and Roman architectural style of
symmetry, balance, contrast and harmony cross into the arts.
Classical composers felt a need to return to something more
simplistic.
Perfomance Practice
The elaborate use of ornaments during the Baroque Era
became less popular and performers were expected more and
more to follow the composer’s markings, which required more
Development of the Classical Keyboard concise markings from the composer.
The pianoforte developed into an expressive keyboard instrument having the capability of dynamic shadings not
possible on other keyboard instruments. The addition of the damper pedal was another influential innovation of the
Classical Era.
Where are the foot pedals on Mozart’s piano? Mozart’s piano had knee levers that controlled the dampers. Previous
to 1795 Beethoven’s scores indicate the use of a knee lever as well. During the classical era there was a great deal of
experimentation with pedals. In some cases there were up to 6 pedals controlling different percussive options.
Why does Beethoven’s piano have more keys? Modern pianos have a range of 7.3 octaves (88 keys). Mozart’s piano
only had 5 octaves and by 1810 piano manufacturers were building pianos with a 6 octaves.
Mozart’s pianoforte Beethoven’s pianoforte

Classical Composers
Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ludwig van Beethoven

1732-1809 1756-1791 1770-1827
The most significant keyboard composers of the Classical Era are Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven. Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) died of rheumatic fever at the age of 35. Despite his short life span, Mozart wrote over
600 compositions starting at the age of 5 and by the age of 8 he finished his first symphony. Mozart worked for many
wealthy patrons writing music and performing, but due to his mismanagement of money he died poor and in debt.
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), for almost all of his career, worked for the wealthy Esterhazy family on their
remote estate as court musician where he composed and performed music. Haydn wrote symphonies, sonatas,
overtures, quartets, songs, oratorios, operas and more.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) remains one of the most well known composers of all ages, famous today for his
5th symphony and Fur Elise among many other compositions. He became deaf and miraculously continued to write
music. Beethoven was famous in his day for his compositions and known for his bad temperament, possibly caused
by his loss of hearing. Beethoven wrote hundreds of compositions, some of which take over an hour to perform. His
works include symphonies, sonatas, oratorios, one opera and more.
Other significant keyboard composers of the Classical Era are Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Muzio Clementi (1752-
1832) and the sons of J.S. Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788) and Johann Christian Bach (1735-1782).
Classical Forms
Composers of the Classical Era wrote keyboard music in many forms including sonata, theme and variation,
bagatelle, prelude, fantasia, rondo, polonaise, suite and concerto.

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Sonata in E Major
3rd Movement Franz Joseph Haydn
q=108 Excerpt (1732-1809)

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Rondo Alla Turca Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
q=112 Excerpt (1756-1791)

q=100
Fur Elise Ludwig van Beethoven
(1770-1827)
Excerpt

PIANO MARVEL 23
God Save the King
Chorales written if 4 part harmony continued to be a popular form for composers in the Classical era. God
Save the King was written in the mid 1700’s and became a popular hymn. Beethoven wrote variations on the theme
among other composers. My Country ‘Tis of Thee has become a famous hymn which uses the same music adapted to
different words.
q=76

6B Review
1. What are the approximate dates of the Classical Period?
Begins: Ends:
2. Name 7 composers from the Classical period.
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4.
3. What was one innovative addition to the pianoforte during the Classical period?
4. Which composer started composing at the age of 5?
5. Which composer became deaf, and still continued to compose?
6. Which composer died from rheumatic fever at the early age of 35?
7. Which composer spent his career as a court musician?
8. Where is the damper pedal on Mozart’s pianoforte located?
9. Name two of J.S. Bach’s sons who are also influential Classical era composers?

PIANO MARVEL 25
5C
Duets
Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy
q=110 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
arr. by Aaron Garner
Primo
Secondo

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Habanera Georges Bizet (1838-1875)
arr. by Aaron Garner
q=66
Primo
Secondo

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Stomp
q=160 Aaron Garner
Primo
Secondo

PIANO MARVEL 33
Voice in the Wind
Aaron Garner
q=110
Secondo
Primo
Secondo

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Winter Leaves
q=172 Aaron Garner

Primo
Secondo

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6D Romantic Era
19th Century (1820-1900) ca.
The word that might best describe the Romantic era is

emotional. Liberalism leading to Democracy influences the
importance of the individual giving way to more emotion and
individual expression. More freedom from the older forms
brings about new forms so emotions and passion can be
expressed.
Romantic Forms
Composers of the Classical Era wrote keyboard music in
many forms including character piece, concerto, prelude,
scherzo, mazurka, theme and variation, polonaise, ballad,
nocturne, etude, waltz and the symphonic poem.
Caricature of Franz Liszt in Concert
Harmonic and Melodic Changes: Composers experimented with different harmonic and melodic ideas. Rules
for ornaments changed and one sees that the trill often begins on the principal note rather than the upper auxiliary
note for the sake of the melody. The melody uses more chromatic, diminished and augmented intervals and becomes
more melodic. Eigthth notes against triplets and triplets against sixteenth notes are examples of how rhythmic
structures began to be more complex.
Further Development of the Piano: The piano was built to be a much stronger instrument and more expressive
than in the Classical era. The bass end of the piano was extended so the average piano had 88 keys. Performers
experienced new possibilities from louder and softer than previously possible. The expressive possibilities led
performers into an era of the virtuoso performer, an impressive showmanship of skill, speed and stamina. Performers
such as Franz Liszt, depicted in the previous caricature, were idolized by fans much like a rock star of the 20th
century.
Changes in the Music Industry: Previously musicians primarily made a living writing for the church or wealthy
patrons. During the Romantic era more people were able to afford owning a piano and attend concerts. Also, the
printing press allowed for publishers to print and sell music to the common person. More performers and composers
found an income in concertizing and writing music for publishing companies. Concert halls increased in size and
popularity.

Romantic Composers
Johann Burgmuller Frederic Chopin Robert Schumann Edvard Grieg

1806-1874 1810-1849 1810-1856 1843-1907
Johann Burgmuller (1806-1874) of Germany receives attention mostly on account of his many teaching pieces that
are accessible to beginning pianists, such as Arabesque and Ballade.
Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) of Poland wrote music almost exclusively for the piano. He only lived 39 years, yet
created so many masterpieces that range from easy to virtuosic that he is a favorite Romantic composer to a wide
range of pianists.
Robert Schumann (1810-1856) of Germany is a true Romantic composer who is famous for both his teaching
pieces and his concert works. The Merry Farmer and the Wild Horseman are among his most often played teaching
pieces. Among his most played concert pieces are Piano Concerto in A minor, Traumerei and Arabesque in C Major
Op.18. Sadly, Schumann developed auditory hallucinations and asked to be placed in an asylum after an incident of
throwing himself off a bridge.
Edvard Grieg (1843-1907) of Norway has many delightful compositions for piano. He was referred to as “the Chopin
of the North”. Grieg’s most popular work is his Piano Concerto in A minor. In 1867 he married a beautiful singer who
also happened to be his first cousin.
Other notable keyboard composers of the Romantic era are the Russian composers Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840-1893),
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) and Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881), the German composers Johannes
Brahmns (1833-1897), Richard Wagner (1813-1883), Johann Strauss (1825-1899) and Felix Mendelssohn (1809-
1847), and the two German composers associated with bridging the Classical era and the Romantic era, Franz
Schubert (1797-1828) and Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1927).

PIANO MARVEL 43
The Wild Horseman
Robert Schumann
q.=108 (1810-1856)

PIANO MARVEL 45
Arabesque
Friedrich Burgmuller
(1806-1874)
q=120

PIANO MARVEL 47
Anitra’s Dance
q=128
Excerpt Friedrich Burgmuller
(1806-1874)

PIANO MARVEL 49
Minuet Waltz
Excerpt Frederick Chopin
q=180 (1810-1849)

PIANO MARVEL 51
Good Morning to You
q=80

Nearer, My God, to Thee
q=76 Lowell Mason
(1792-1872)

PIANO MARVEL 53
6D Review
1. What are the approximate dates of the Baroque period?
Begins: Ends:
2. Name 10 composers from the Romantic period.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
3. Name 12 popular forms of the Romantic period.
1. 7.
2. 8.
3. 9.
4. 10.
5. 11.
6. 12.

4. What word best describes the Romantic period?
5. True or False. In the Romantic period rhythmic structures became more complex.
6. At the end of the Romantic Era, how many keys did the average piano have?
7. Describe the dynamics of the more developed piano.
8. Describe a couple of the changes in the music industry during the Romantic period.
9. Which composer died at the age of 39?
10. Which composer is referred to as “the Chopin of the North”?
11. Which composer is known for his teaching pieces Arabesque and Ballade?
12. Which two composers are known for bridging the Classical period and the Romantic period?

PIANO MARVEL 55
6E Rein of Minimalism
Minimalism is a 20th century compositional technique where the simplest and fewest elements are used to create
the maximum effect. The repetition of the similar patterns or notes lulls the listener into an expectation of no
change. If articulated well the composer can create a peak emotion from the listener with a surprise effect when a
change does occur. Notable composers who were successful in this compositional technique are John Adams (born
1947), Philip Glass (born 1937) and Steve Reich (born 1936).
John Coolidge Adams is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer with strong roots in minimalism. His best-
known works include Short Ride in a Fast Machine (1986), Phrygian Gates is one of his greatest keyboard works that uses
minimalism.
q=120 Aaron Garner

PIANO MARVEL 57
A Penny A Day
q=140 Uri Ayn Rovner

Swing

PIANO MARVEL 59
A Lonely Walk
q=70 Aaron Garner

PIANO MARVEL 61
Arabian Sun
q=120 Aaron Garner

Prince Caleb
q=76 Aaron Garner

PIANO MARVEL 63
PIANO MARVEL 65
F# Major & Minor

Spider Dance
q=210 Aaron Garner

PIANO MARVEL 67
PIANO MARVEL 69
Memories
q=96 Aaron Garner

PIANO MARVEL 71
By George!
q=100 Aaron Garner
Swing

PIANO MARVEL 73
Flight of the Bumblebee Rock
q=146 Aaron Garner

PIANO MARVEL 75
PIANO MARVEL 77
Circle of 5ths
C
F G
Am
Dm Em
B¨ D
Gm Bm
Minor keys
E¨ Cm F©m A
Enharmonic Keys
Fm C©m
A©m A¨m E
A¨ E¨m
B¨m G©m
D©m
D¨ C¨
G¨
C© B
F©

Certiﬁcate of Achievement
This certiﬁcate is presented to
For achievement in completing

Piano Marvel Method
Level 6
Date Signature

PIANO MARVEL 79

Piano Marvel 6 PDF

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© 2011 All Rights Reserved

10 Joy to the World

22 Rondo Alla Turca

24 God Save the King

26 Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy

34 Voice in the Wind

44 The Wild Horseman

52 Good Morning to You

53 Nearer, My God, to Thee

66 F# Major & Minor

74 Flight of the Bumblebee Rock

The Baroque era began in the early 1600’s and ended

Organ Harpsichord Clavichord

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

10 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

12 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

14 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

2. Name 9 composers from the Baroque period.

3. Name 6 popular forms of the Baroque period.

4. Name 5 Baroque keyboard instruments.

16 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

7. Which instrument is known as the most expressive keyboard?

8. Which keyboard instrument strings’ are plucked?

9. Which keyboard offered both a louder sound and an expressive ability?

11. What is George Frederich Handel’s most famous choral piece?

12. Who composed the famous Canon in D?

13. Which composer was the father of 20 children?

14. Who’s death marked the end of the Baroque period?

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

The Classical Era began around 1750 as we see the

Development of the Classical Keyboard concise markings from the composer.

Mozart’s pianoforte Beethoven’s pianoforte

18 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ludwig van Beethoven

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

20 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

22 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

24 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

2. Name 7 composers from the Classical period.

4. Which composer started composing at the age of 5?

5. Which composer became deaf, and still continued to compose?

7. Which composer spent his career as a court musician?

8. Where is the damper pedal on Mozart’s pianoforte located?

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

26 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

30 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

q=160 Aaron Garner

32 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

34 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

q=172 Aaron Garner

38 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

The word that might best describe the Romantic era is

42 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

Johann Burgmuller Frederic Chopin Robert Schumann Edvard Grieg

© 2011 All Rights Reserved

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46 PIANO MARVEL © 2011 All Rights Reserved

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